Download or read book The Acute and Long Term Effects of 3 4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDMA Ecstasy in Rats written by Kirsten Claire Morley and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanisms Underlying the Acute and Long term Effects of 3 4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDMA Ecstasy on Social Interaction in the Rat written by Murray Robert Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecstasy The Clinical Pharmacological and Neurotoxicological Effects of the Drug MDMA written by Stephen J. Peroutka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The variety of viewpoints expressed in this book illustrate the many contro versies surrounding MDMA [1]. On the one hand, the proponents ofMDMA use believe this agent offers a unique psychoactive effect that may have important clinical applications, especially in the field of psychotherapy. On the other hand, the scientific data concerning the neurotoxic effects of the drug are unequivocal. The most striking feature of the human information of MDMA is the paucity of data that has been generated on the drug since it was patented in 1914. As pointed out by Beck (Chapter 6) and others, a clear need exists for better epidemiological and clinical data on MDMA. In the absence of such data, arguments both for and against the cotinued use ofMDMA with humans will be difficult to support. Unfortunately, the currently available data must be used to develop rational policies for potential human users of MDMA. At the present time, there are no data indicating that recreational doses of MDMA permanently damage the human brain. Nonetheless, based on a review of the contents of this book as well as on informal discussions with approximately 200 recreational users of MDMA, the following personal observations suggest that MDMA is radically different from other recreational drugs.
Download or read book Ecstasy The Complete Guide written by Julie Holland and published by Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. This book was released on 2001-08 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by the world's leading experts on MDMA, "Ecstasy: The Complete Guide" takes the first unbiased look at the risks and the benefits of this unique drug, including the science of how it works; its promise as a treatment for depression, post-traumatic stress disorders, and other mental illnesses; and how to minimize the risks of use.
Download or read book Long term Effects of 3 4 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDMA on Serotonergic and Dopaminergic Functioning written by Jodi Lynn Kohutek and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) popularly known as "Ecstasy" continues to gain popularity as a recreational drug that has been shown to increase serotonin and dopamine levels. The present study has demonstrated that repeated exposure to MDMA produces long-term damage to serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons in various regions of the rat brain.
Download or read book Consequences of 3 4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDMA Administration in the Rat written by Megan M. W. Straiko and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a popular drug of abuse that produces long-term decreases in neurochemical markers of 5-HT that are believed to be indicative of selective toxicity to the 5-HT nerve terminal. A potential mechanism underlying this proposed neurotoxicity involves reactive nitrogen species. In vivo microdialysis studies demonstrated that MDMA increases extracellular nitrite/nitrate (NOx), a marker of NO, and that this is iNOS dependent. However, iNOS-dependent MDMA-induced NOx formation is unrelated to long-term 5-HT toxicity, as iNOS inhibition had no effect on long-term MDMA-induced 5-HT depletion. Histological evidence of MDMA-induced 5-HT nerve terminal damage is inconsistent. Antibodies to the cleaved form of the microtubule associated protein tau (C-tau) were used to characterize neurotoxicity produced by psychostimulant drugs. Amphetamine (AMPH) and methamphetamine (METH), both DA-depleting compounds, produced an increase in C-tau immunoreactivity, whereas the 5-HT-depleting drugs MDMA, para-methoxyamphetamine (PMA) and the prototypic 5-HT neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) did not. C-tau was localized to astrocytes, not neurons, suggesting that C-tau is not a direct marker of neuronal damage, but may be an alternative indicator of reactive gliosis. Furthermore, these data are in agreement with previous findings that AMPH and METH produce reactive gliosis, whereas MDMA, PMA and 5,7-DHT do not. Human users of MDMA have reported cognitive/behavioral deficits following chronic use, including impaired sexual function and reduced sexual motivation. In the rat, prior treatment with MDMA may alter the rewarding properties of other drugs of abuse. Given the potential similarities in neural pathways mediating the rewarding properties of drugs and sex, studies were designed to assess the effect of MDMA on the response to a natural reward, i.e., sex, in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Rats treated with a 5-HT-depleting regimen of MDMA exhibited no impairment in sexual function, but failed to form CPP to sex, potentially indicating impairments in the neural circuits mediating sexual reward. These studies indicate that iNOS contributes to MDMA-induced NO formation, but not 5-HT depletion, and that MDMA does not produce an appreciable glial response as indicated by increased C-tau formation. Furthermore, MDMA administration is accompanied by failure to exhibit behavior associated with the rewarding properties of sex.
Download or read book An Investigation of the Acute and Longer term Effects of 3 4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDMA ecstasy written by Annis Olivia Mechan and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods of Behavior Analysis in Neuroscience written by Jerry J. Buccafusco and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-08-29 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using the most well-studied behavioral analyses of animal subjects to promote a better understanding of the effects of disease and the effects of new therapeutic treatments on human cognition, Methods of Behavior Analysis in Neuroscience provides a reference manual for molecular and cellular research scientists in both academia and the pharmaceutic
Download or read book Behavioral Toxicology written by Bernard Weiss and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behavioral toxicology is a young discipline in the United States; so young, in fact, that this is one of its first books. Behavioral questions are bound to play a major role in future scientific work and governmental decisions involving the health effects of environmental contaminants and other chemicals. This role springs from two key problems that face scientists and public agencies required to set acceptable exposure standards or to determine criteria for the toxicity of therapeutic chemicals: How do you evaluate effects that may show up only as subtle functional disturbances? And how do you de tect toxic effects early enough so that they may still be reversible, before they produce major damage? The contributions in this book come from a collection of scientists whose interests span a wide variety of problem areas. The focus is largely on me thodological issues because they represent the most immediate concern of the discipline. We expect that this collection of papers will represent a useful source book for behavioral toxicology for some time. For the past few years, the University of Rochester's Department of Radiation Biology and Biophysics has sponsored a series of international conferences on chemical toxicity, partly as a response to concern over the con sequences to health of the rich chemical soup in which we live. This book is based upon presentations made to the fifth of the series. Held in June, 1972, it was the first formal meeting devoted to behavioral toxicology in this country.
Download or read book Effects of Acute and Chronic Treatment with 3 4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDMA and the Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist Win55 212 2 on Behaviour and Cognition in Rats written by Sybille Schulz and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Acute and Binge 3 4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDMA Exposure on Learning and Memory in Rats written by Charlotte Jane Kay and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of 3 4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine mdma on Cholinergic Neurons in the Rat Brain written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), an amphetamine analog, is a psychomotor stimulant and a popular drug of abuse. The effect of MDMA on the release of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) has been well documented. In contrast, very little is known about the influence of MDMA on other neurotransmitter systems. In view of feelings of heightened awareness and behavioral arousal in human MDMA users, and the role of the cholinergic system in processing environmental cues following novel and arousing stimuli, the influence of MDMA on acetylcholine (ACh) release was examined in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus. Using in vivo microdialysis, it was determined that MDMA enhances the release of ACh in the PFC and hippocampus, possibly by mechanisms localized to these brain regions. In addition, it was also determined that MDMA-induced release of ACh in the PFC, but not hippocampus, is mediated by serotonergic and dopaminergic mechanisms. Further studies examining the role of various 5-HT and DA receptors in the MDMA-induced release of ACh in the PFC indicate that receptors of the 5-HT4 and D1 subtype mediate the release of cortical ACh induced by MDMA. Whereas MDMA use has been associated with behavioral activation and cortical arousal immediately following drug intake, in the long term the drug is known to produce significant cognitive impairments. In view of the cognitive impairments following MDMA use and administration, and the central role of ACh in attentional processing and cognition, studies were designed to assess the influence of a neurotoxic regimen of MDMA, on the subsequent stimulation of ACh release in the PFC. Prior treatment with a 5-HT depleting regimen of MDMA resulted in decreased ACh release in response to subsequent administration of MDMA. In contrast, treatment with a neurotoxic regimen of MDMA did not significantly alter the subsequent stimulation of ACh release induced by application of tail pinch or by the novelty of an intruder rat. Thus, results from the present study indicate that although a 5-HT depleting regimen appears to inhibit subsequent MDMA-induced ACh release in the PFC, it has little impact on subsequent stimulation of ACh release by physiological stressors.
Download or read book A Stereotaxic Atlas of the Squirrel Monkey s Brain Saimiri Sciureus written by John A. Gergen and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Auditory and Thermal Stimuli on 3 4 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDMA induced Neurochemical and Behavioral Responses written by Allison Anne Feduccia and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The amphetamine derivative, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), is a popular drug often taken by young adults at dance clubs or rave parties. Laser light shows, fast-paced electronic music, and hot crowded dance floors are characteristic of these events, and Ecstasy users report that the acute effects of the drug are potentiated by these stimulatory conditions. However, it remains largely unknown how environmental stimuli impact the neurochemical and physiological effects of MDMA. The aim of the first study presented in this dissertation was to investigate how auditory stimuli (music, white noise, and no additional sound) influence MDMA conditioned place preference (CPP), self-administration, and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) responses. Findings revealed a significant CPP for animals exposed to white noise during MDMA conditioning trials. After self-administration of MDMA (1.5 mg/kg), NAcc DA and 5-HT were highest in rats exposed to music during the test session. The second study aimed to investigate the effects of ambient temperature (23° or 32°C) on long-term MDMA self-administration and neurochemical responses. Results indicated no difference in self-administration or locomotor activity rates for the high versus room temperature groups across sessions. However, MDMA (3.0 mg/kg) administered in high ambient temperature resulted in significantly greater NAcc serotonin release compared to when taken at room temperature, but no differences in dopamine response was determined between the two conditions. Overall, these results indicate that auditory and thermal stimuli can effect MDMA-induced behavioral and neurochemical responses. The last aim tested a novel apparatus and method for use in animal models of drug reinforcement. By combining traditional CPP and self-administration procedures, this approach provided more informative data and circumvented some inherent drawbacks of each method alone. In addition to confirming the ability to produce drug conditioned place preferences after short- and long-term experiments, the long-term version of the procedure revealed a significant positive relationship between lever response rate and CPP magnitude. Therefore, this experimental design can be used to identify subgroups of rats that may vary in sensitivity to drug motivational effects. Further study of these populations may be useful in the development of behavioral and pharmacological therapies for drug addiction.
Download or read book Experimental Approaches to Anxiety and Depression written by J. Martin Elliott and published by . This book was released on 1992-12-15 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reinvestigates aspects of experimental and clinical evidence in these two mental disorders on the basis of new concepts. A number of renowned authorities contribute articles concerned with recent discoveries involving specific neurotransmitters. Coverage includes tests to predict antidepressant actions, neurochemical and neuropharmaceutical prospects, biochemical effects of antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs on receptor mechanisms, common noradrenergic dysfunction in these ailments, the potential importance of dopamine and much more.
Download or read book Neurochemical Effects of 3 4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDMA written by Donna Marie Stone and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Serotoninergic Neurons and 5 HT Receptors in the CNS written by H.G. Baumgarten and published by Springer. This book was released on 1997-08-14 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions by numerous experts
