Download or read book Relativity Principles and Theories from Galileo to Einstein written by Olivier Darrigol and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-12-22 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motion is always relative to some thing. Is this thing a concrete body like the earth, is it an abstract space, or is it an imagined frame? Do the laws of physics depend on the choice of reference? It there a choice for which the laws are simplest? Is this choice unique? Is there a physical cause for the choice made? These questions traverse the history of modern physics from Galileo to Einstein. The answers involved Galilean relativity, Newton's absolute space, the purely relational concepts of Descartes, Leibniz, and Mach, and many forgotten uses of relativity principles in mechanics, optics, and electrodynamics - until the relativity theories of Poincaré, Einstein, Minkowksi, and Laue radically redefined space and time to satisfy universal kinds of relativity. Accordingly, this book retraces the emergence of relativity principles in early modern mechanics, documents their constructive use in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century mechanics, optics, and electrodynamics, and gives a well-rooted account of the genesis of special and general relativity in the early twentieth century. As an exercise in long-term history, it demonstrates the connectivity of issues and approaches across several centuries, despite enormous changes in context and culture. As an account of the genesis of relativity theories, it brings unprecedented clarity and fullness by broadening the spectrum of resources on which the principal actors drew.
Download or read book The Perfect Theory written by Pedro G. Ferreira and published by HMH. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “One of the best popular accounts of how Einstein and his followers have been trying to explain the universe for decades” (Kirkus Reviews, starred review). Physicists have been exploring, debating, and questioning the general theory of relativity ever since Albert Einstein first presented it in 1915. This has driven their work to unveil the universe’s surprising secrets even further, and many believe more wonders remain hidden within the theory’s tangle of equations, waiting to be exposed. In this sweeping narrative of science and culture, an astrophysicist brings general relativity to life through the story of the brilliant physicists, mathematicians, and astronomers who have taken up its challenge. For these scientists, the theory has been both a treasure trove and an enigma. Einstein’s theory, which explains the relationships among gravity, space, and time, is possibly the most perfect intellectual achievement of modern physics—yet studying it has always been a controversial endeavor. Relativists were the target of persecution in Hitler’s Germany, hounded in Stalin’s Russia, and disdained in 1950s America. Even today, PhD students are warned that specializing in general relativity will make them unemployable. Still, general relativity has flourished, delivering key insights into our understanding of the origin of time and the evolution of all the stars and galaxies in the cosmos. Its adherents have revealed what lies at the farthest reaches of the universe, shed light on the smallest scales of existence, and explained how the fabric of reality emerges. Dark matter, dark energy, black holes, and string theory are all progeny of Einstein’s theory. In the midst of a momentous transformation in modern physics, as scientists look farther and more clearly into space than ever before, The Perfect Theory exposes the greater relevance of general relativity, showing us where it started, where it has led—and where it can still take us.
Download or read book The Theory of Relativity written by Ludwik Silberstein and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Broader View of Relativity written by Jong-Ping Hsu and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2006 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Broader View of Relativity shows that there is still new life in old physics. The book examines the historical context and theoretical underpinnings of Einstein''s theory of special relativity and describes Broad Relativity, a generalized theory of coordinate transformations between inertial reference frames that includes Einstein''s special relativity as a special case. It shows how the principle of relativity is compatible with multiple concepts of physical time and how these different procedures for clock synchronization can be useful for thinking about different physical problems, including many-body systems and the development of a Lorentz-invariant thermodynamics. Broad relativity also provides new answers to old questions such as the necessity of postulating the constancy of the speed of light and the viability of Reichenbach''s general concept of time. The book also draws on the idea of limiting-four-dimensional symmetry to describe coordinate transformations and the physics of particles and fields in non-inertial frames, particularly those with constant linear accelerations. This new edition expands the discussion on the role that human conventions and unit systems have played in the historical development of relativity theories and includes new results on the implications of broad relativity for clarifying the status of constants that are truly fundamental and inherent properties of our universe. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview (326 KB). Contents: The Historical and Physical Context of Relativity Theory: Space, Time and Inertial Frames; On the Right Track: Voigt, Lorentz, and Larmor; The Novel Creation of the Young Einstein; A Broader View of Relativity: The Central Role of the Principle of Relativity: Relativity Based Solely on the Principle of Relativity; Experimental Tests I & II; Group Properties of Taiji Relativity and Common Relativity; Common Relativity and Quantum Mechanics; Extended Relativity: A Weaker Postulate for the Speed of Light; The Role of the Principle of Relativity in the Physics of Accelerated Frames: The Principle of Limiting Lorentz and Poincar(r) Invariance; Physical Properties of Spacetime in Accelerated Frames; Dynamics of Classical and Quantum Particles in Constant-Linear-Acceleration Frames; Group and Lie Algebra Properties of Accelerated Spacetime Transformations; Appendices: Systems of Units and the Development of Relativity Theories; Quantum Electrodynamics in Both Linearly Accelerated and Inertial Frames; and other papers. Readership: Researchers in the field of relativity theory and advanced undergraduate students as a supplementary text.
Download or read book General Relativity The most beautiful of theories written by Carlo Rovelli and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-02-17 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Generalising Newton's law of gravitation, general relativity is one of the pillars of modern physics. While applications in the beginning were restricted to isolated effects such as a proper understanding of Mercury's orbit, the second half of the twentieth century saw a massive development of applications. These include cosmology, gravitational waves, and even very practical results for satellite based positioning systems as well as different approaches to unite general relativity with another very successful branch of physics – quantum theory. On the occassion of general relativity's centennial, leading scientists in the different branches of gravitational research review the history and recent advances in the main fields of applications of the theory, which was referred to by Lev Landau as “the most beautiful of the existing physical theories”. Contributions from: Andy C. Fabian, Anthony L. Lasenby, Astrophysical black Holes Neil Ashby, GNSS and other applications of General Relativity Gene Byrd, Arthur Chernin, Pekka Teerikorpi, Mauri Vaaltonen, Observations of general Relativity at strong and weaks limits Ignazio Ciufolini, General Relativity and dragging of inertial frames Carlo Rovelli, The strange world of quantum spacetime
Download or read book Relativistic Theories of Materials written by A. Bressan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theory of relativity was created in 1905 to solve a problem concerning electromagnetic fields. That solution was reached by means of profound changes in fundamental concepts and ideas that considerably affected the whole of physics. Moreover, when Einstein took gravitation into account, he was forced to develop radical changes also in our space-time concepts (1916). Relativistic works on heat, thermodynamics, and elasticity appeared as early as 1911. However, general theories having a thermodynamic basis, including heat conduction and constitutive equations, did not appear in general relativity until about 1955 for fluids and appeared only after 1960 for elastic or more general finitely deformed materials. These theories dealt with materials with memory, and in this connection some relativistic versions of the principle of material indifference were considered. Even more recently, relativistic theories incorporating finite deformations for polarizable and magnetizable materials and those in which couple stresses are considered have been formulated. A broader description of the development of these relativistic topics is contained in § 13. The purpose of this book is to describe the foundations of the general relativistic theories that include constitutive equations, and to present some applications, mainly to elastic waves, of these theories. This tract is divided into two parts. In the first part only the Eulerian point of view is considered; basic equations of general relativity, other than constitutive equations, are stated in full generality (except for couple stresses which are considered in part 2). Part 1 also thoroughly covers fluids, including constitutive equations.
Download or read book Introduction to the Theory of Relativity written by Peter Gabriel Bergmann and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Theory of Relativity Revisited written by Henry Wesley Grayson and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Universe of General Relativity written by A.J. Kox and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-10 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Outgrowth of 6th Int'l Conference on the History of General Relativity, held in Amsterdam on June 26-29, 2002 Contributions from notable experts offer both new and historical insights on gravitation, general relativity, cosmology, unified field theory, and the history of science Topics run gamet from detailed mathematical discussions to more personal recollections of relativity as seen through the eyes of the public and renowned relativists
Download or read book The Mathematical Theory of Relativity written by Théophile de Donder and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Introduction to the Theory of Relativity written by Peter Gabriel Bergmann and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Paradox of the invariance of the speed of light written by Philippe de Bellescize and published by Les Editions du Net. This book was released on 2021-02-09T00:00:00Z with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book revisits Einstein’s postulate of the invariance of the speed of light, focusing on the corresponding train thought experiment. It shows how a close analysis of the supposed relativity of the simultaneity of light beam emissions brings us to the principle of the relativity of simultaneity at the physical level. However, in the objection about a spacecraft and a missile presented here, this principle turns out to be self-contradictory. The present logical and mathematical considerations are liable to challenge the validity of the second postulate of Special Relativity. Recognition of the results of this analysis could revolutionize our conception of spacetime.
Download or read book Fundamental Principles of General Relativity Theories written by H. Treder and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Physical and Mathematical Foundations of the Theory of Relativity written by Antonio Romano and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-25 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique textbook offers a mathematically rigorous presentation of the theory of relativity, emphasizing the need for a critical analysis of the foundations of general relativity in order to best study the theory and its implications. The transitions from classical mechanics to special relativity and then to general relativity are explored in detail as well, helping readers to gain a more profound and nuanced understanding of the theory as a whole. After reviewing the fundamentals of differential geometry and classical mechanics, the text introduces special relativity, first using the physical approach proposed by Einstein and then via Minkowski’s mathematical model. The authors then address the relativistic thermodynamics of continua and electromagnetic fields in matter – topics which are normally covered only very briefly in other treatments – in the next two chapters. The text then turns to a discussion of general relativity by means of the authors’ unique critical approach, underlining the difficulty of recognizing the physical meaning of some statements, such as the physical meaning of coordinates and the derivation of physical quantities from those of space-time. Chapters in this section cover the model of space-time proposed by Schwarzschild; black holes; the Friedman equations and the different cosmological models they describe; and the Fermi-Walker derivative. Well-suited for graduate students in physics and mathematics who have a strong foundation in real analysis, classical mechanics, and general physics, this textbook is appropriate for a variety of graduate-level courses that cover topics in relativity. Additionally, it will interest physicists and other researchers who wish to further study the subtleties of these theories and understand the contemporary scholarly discussions surrounding them.
Download or read book The Special Theory of Relativity written by Costas Christodoulides and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-09 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive, university-level introduction to Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity. In addition to the purely theoretical aspect, emphasis is also given to its historical development as well as to the experiments that preceded the theory and those performed in order to test its validity.The main body of the book consists of chapters on Relativistic Kinematics and Dynamics and their applications, Optics and Electromagnetism. These could be covered in a one-semester course. A more advanced course might include the subjects examined in the other chapters of the book and its appendices.As a textbook, it has some unique characteristics: It provides detailed proofs of the theorems, offers abundant figures and discusses numerous examples. It also includes a number of problems for readers to solve, the complete solutions of which are given at the end of the book.It is primarily intended for use by university students of physics, mathematics and engineering. However, as the mathematics needed is of an upper-intermediate level, the book will also appeal to a more general readership.
Download or read book What is the Theory of Relativity written by Lev Davidovich Landau and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
