Download or read book Text Variability Measures in Corpus Design for Setswana Lexicography written by Thapelo J. Otlogetswe and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2011-01-18 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the design of a Setswana corpus for lexicography. While various corpora have been compiled and a variety of corpora-based research has been attempted in African languages, no effort has been made towards corpus design. Additionally, although extensive analysis of the Setswana language has been done by missionaries, grammarians and linguists since the 1800s, none of this research is in corpus design. Most research has been largely on the grammatical study of the language. The recent corpora research in African languages in general has been on the use of corpora for the compilation of dictionaries and little of it is in corpus design. Pioneers of this kind of corpora research in African languages are Prinsloo and De Schryver (1999), De Schryver and Prisloo (2000 and 2001) and Gouws and Prisloo (2005). Because of a lack of research in corpora design particularly in African languages, this book attempts to fill that gap, especially for Setswana. It is hoped that the finding of this study will inspire similar designs in other languages comparable to Setswana. We explore corpus design by focusing on measuring a variety of text types for lexical richness at comparable token points. The study explores the question of whether a corpus compiled for lexicography must comprise a variety of texts drawn from different text types or whether the quality of retrieved information for lexicographic purposes from a corpus comprising diverse text varieties could be equally extracted from a corpus with a single text type. This study therefore determines whether linguistic variability is crucial in corpus design for lexicography.

Download or read book Native and Non Native Teacher Talk in the EFL Classroom written by Eric Nicaise and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-11 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Native and Non-Native Teacher Talk in the EFL Classroom explores and compares the linguistic features of native and non-native English teacher talk with the aid of corpus linguistics. Setting aside the wide range of audio and video materials available, the EFL teacher is in many instances the main model of English to which students are exposed in secondary-level education. The basis of this book is to work towards a framework for the language that teachers of English need to be proficient in, based on an empirical study of language used in the ELT classroom by both native and expert non-native users. Presenting a corpus-informed treatment of the precise linguistic features used by EFL teachers within the framework of their most common teaching functions, this book: • Relates directly to the teacher talk of secondary-level EFL teachers; • Combines quantitative and qualitative approaches to data analysis; • Looks into pedagogical implications for ELT and proposes a flexible language development model based on evidence from the teacher training classroom; • Provides a corpus-based repertoire of language for the classroom which is of relevance to native and non-native student-teachers and practising teachers. Highlighting the need for much greater awareness of the impact of language use in both learning and teaching, this book is a major resource for advanced students and researchers of TESOL, classroom discourse, corpus linguistics, ELT, English for professional purposes, and teaching placement preparation.

Download or read book Principles and Practice of South African Lexicography written by R. H. Gouws and published by AFRICAN SUN MeDIA. This book was released on 2010-10-01 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles and Practice of South African Lexicography is directed at experts in the field of practical and theoretical lexicography in South Africa, applying the general theory of lexicography to the South African lexicographic environment. The authors of this book are leaders in the field of South African lexicography and active participants in the international lexicographic arena, publishing regularly in national and international journals and giving papers at international conferences and workshops.

Download or read book Linguistics For Dummies written by Rose-Marie Dechaine and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-02-08 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fascinating, fun, and friendly way to understand the science behind human language Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. Linguistics students study how languages are constructed, how they function, how they affect society, and how humans learn language. From understanding other languages to teaching computers to communicate, linguistics plays a vital role in society. Linguistics For Dummies tracks to a typical college-level introductory linguistics course and arms you with the confidence, knowledge, and know-how to score your highest. Understand the science behind human language Grasp how language is constructed Score your highest in college-level linguistics If you're enrolled in an introductory linguistics course or simply have a love of human language, Linguistics For Dummies is your one-stop resource for unlocking the science of the spoken word.

Download or read book The Dynamics of Language written by Rajend Mesthrie and published by Juta and Company (Pty) Ltd. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Linguistics – the close study of language and languages – is an indispensable foundation for all forms of knowledge. The African continent is blessed with hundreds of languages which act as local repositories of culture and interaction. South Africa alone has eleven official languages, plus Sign Language, many heritage languages, and new languages of global movements and migration. Part of the linguist’s business is to document, record and affirm languages and diversity. Applied linguists use their training to understand and enhance the role of language in education and upliftment, and the opportunities and challenges of new technologies of communication. The International Congress of Linguists meets every five years to reflect the development of the field and 2018 is the first time that the congress is being held in Africa. This book is a collection of the plenary and focus papers presented at the conference and thus represents current thinking in the major branches of language study as represented by leading local and international scholars. The papers discuss the history of languages, their structure, acquisition, diversity and use. At the same time due regard is paid to the African continent in connection with its linguistic diversity, multilingualism and educational and societal concerns. The Congress is meant to affirm the value of the languages of Africa, of languages and Linguistics in general, as well as to inspire and equip younger scholars to undertake advanced research into language in its many facets.

Download or read book Corpus Design and Construction in Minoritised Language Contexts Cynllunio a Chreu Corpws mewn Cyd destunau Ieithoedd Lleiafrifoledig written by Dawn Knight and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-05 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This bilingual book provides a detailed overview of the project to construct a National Corpus of Contemporary Welsh (CorCenCC), addressing the conceptual and methodological challenges faced when developing language corpora for minoritised languages. A conceptual framework is presented for the user-driven design that underpinned the CorCenCC project, along with a detailed blueprint that can function as a scaffold for other researchers embarking on projects of this nature. This book will be of value to those working in language teaching, learning and assessment, language policy and planning, translation, corpus linguistics and language technology, and to anyone with an interest in Welsh and other minoritised languages. Mae'r llyfr dwyieithog hwn yn rhoi trosolwg manwl o'r prosiect i greu Corpws Cenedlaethol Cymraeg Cyfoes (CorCenCC), ac yn mynd i'r afael â'r heriau cysyniadol a methodolegol a wynebir wrth ddatblygu corpora iaith ar gyfer ieithoedd lleiafrifoledig. Cyflwynir fframwaith cysyniadol ar gyfer y cynllun wedi'i yrru gan ddefnyddwyr sy'n greiddiol i brosiect CorCenCC, ynghyd â glasbrint manwl a all weithredu fel sgaffald i ymchwilwyr eraill sy'n dechrau ar brosiectau o'r fath. Bydd y llyfr hwn o werth i'r rhai sy'n gweithio ym meysydd addysgu, dysgu ac asesu ieithoedd, polisi iaith a chynllunio ieithyddol, cyfieithu, ieithyddiaeth gorpws a thechnoleg iaith, ac unrhyw un â diddordeb yn y Gymraeg ac ieithoedd lleiafrifoledig eraill.

Download or read book Longman Essential Activator written by Pearson Education, Inc and published by Pearson Education India. This book was released on 2006 with total page 1092 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a unique dictionary for intermediate level students who want to expand their vocabulary and improve their writing skills. From just 600 basic words - such as 'useful' - students can learn thousands more - such as 'invaluable', 'handy' and 'versatile'. Expand your vocabulary: from 600 basic words or concepts like 'walk', 'decide' or 'angry', students can learn thousands more. Updated Colour Word Banks help students learn words by organising them by common essay topics, such as books & literature. There are clear definitions and plenty of natural examples help you choose the right word every time Write essays that impress. New to this edition: Check your own writing against model essays on common topics - from environment to technology ; Learn how to structure your essays correctly, using the Writing Tips ; A wide range of exercise types, from 'Choose the Right Word' to full guided essay writing practice with model essays and feedback ; Interactive Grammar and Communication guides to find the correct words, phrases and grammar.

Download or read book A Handbook of Lexicography written by Bo Svensén and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-13 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a systematic survey of the theory and methods of dictionary-making (including the linguistic background): what types of dictionary there are, how different kinds of information are dealt with when compiling dictionaries, how this information is presented to users, and how dictionaries are actually used. It refers throughout to both monolingual and bilingual dictionaries, giving a full account of the writing of definitions as well as of the selection and presentation of equivalents. The treatment of other types of information provided in dictionaries - such as pronunciation, inflection, constructions, collocations and idioms - is described systematically in individual chapters. The book also discusses dictionary structure, illustrations, the collection and selection of material, the management of dictionary projects, law and ethics in lexicographic work, and dictionary criticism. As well as looking at print lexicography, the author discusses the role of the Web, electronic corpora, electronic dictionaries, and compilation software used in dictionary-making. This is an important and practical guide to contemporary lexicography, designed for lexicographers, language students and teachers, translators and academics.

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Language Revitalization written by Leanne Hinton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-03-05 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Language Revitalization is the first comprehensive overview of the language revitalization movement, from the Arctic to the Amazon and across continents. Featuring 47 contributions from a global range of top scholars in the field, the handbook is divided into two parts, the first of which expands on language revitalization issues of theory and practice while the second covers regional perspectives in an effort to globalize and decolonize the field. The collection examines critical issues in language revitalization, including: language rights, language and well-being, and language policy; language in educational institutions and in the home; new methodologies and venues for language learning; and the roles of documentation, literacies, and the internet. The volume also contains chapters on the kinds of language that are less often researched such as the revitalization of music, of whistled languages and sign languages, and how languages change when they are being revitalized. The Routledge Handbook of Language Revitalization is the ideal resource for graduate students and researchers working in linguistic anthropology and language revitalization and endangerment.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Language and Education written by Ruth Wodak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-05-31 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers basic fields of Sociolinguistics and the Sociology of Language; both macro- and micro-domains are presented in the fields of language teaching, minority languages, and problems of language acquisition as well as practical issues of curricula planning and textbook writing. This book addresses students and scholars in the social sciences as well as public officials in education, language teachers and textbook writers.

Download or read book The international corpus of learner English written by and published by Presses univ. de Louvain. This book was released on 2009 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Manual to accompany the CD-ROM or online resource containing Version 2 of the ICLE. The ICLE is the computerized databank of the Centre for English Corpus Linguistics at the Université catholique de Louvain. The Centre focuses on the development and use of learner corpora (electronic collections of authentic foreign language data). The ICLE is the result of over ten years of collaborative activity between a number of universities internationally. It contains over 3 million words of writing by learners of English from 21 different mother tongue backgrounds. The writing in the corpus has been contributed by advanced learners of English as a foreign language and is made up of 21 distinct sub-corpora, each containing one language variety (E2French, E2German, E2Swedish etc).

Download or read book English One Tongue Many Voices written by Jan Svartvik and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-19 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the fully revised and expanded second edition of English - One Tongue, Many Voices, a book by three internationally distinguished English language scholars who tell the fascinating, improbable saga of English in time and space. Chapters trace the history of the language from its obscure beginnings over 1500 years ago as a collection of dialects spoken by marauding, illiterate tribes. They show how the geographical spread of the language in its increasing diversity has made English into an international language of unprecedented range and variety. The authors examine the present state of English as a global language and the problems, pressures and uncertainties of its future, online and offline. They argue that, in spite of the amazing variety and plurality of English, it remains a single language.

Download or read book A Bibliography of South African Languages 2008 2017 written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise bibliography on South-African Languages and Linguistics was compiled on the occasion of the 20th International Congress of Linguists in Cape Town, South Africa, July 2018. The selection of titles is drawn from the Linguistic Bibliography and gives an overview of scholarship on South African language studies over the past 10 years. The introduction written by Menán du Plessis (Stellenbosch University) discusses the most recent developments in the field. The Linguistic Bibliography is compiled under the editorial management of Eline van der Veken, René Genis and Anne Aarssen in Leiden, The Netherlands. Linguistic Bibliography Online is the most comprehensive bibliography for scholarship on languages and theoretical linguistics available. Updated monthly with a total of more than 20,000 records annually, it enables users to trace recent publications and provides overviews of older material. For more information on Linguistic Bibliography and Linguistic Bibliography Online, please visit brill.com/lbo and linguisticbibliography.com. The e-book version of this bibliography is available in Open Access.

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of World Englishes written by Daniel Schreier and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-02 with total page 857 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The plural form 'Englishes' conveys the diversity of English as a global language, pinpointing the growth and existence of a large number of national, regional and social forms. The global spread of English and the new varieties that have emerged around the world has grown to be a vast area of study and research, which intersects multiple disciplines. This Handbook provides a comprehensive and authoritative survey of World Englishes from 1600 to the present day. Covering topics such as variationist sociolinguistics, pragmatics, contact linguistics, linguistic anthropology, corpus- and applied linguistics and language history, it combines discussion of traditional topics with a variety of innovative approaches. The chapters, all written by internationally acclaimed authorities, provide up-to-date discussions of the evolution of different Englishes around the globe, a comprehensive coverage of different models and approaches, and some original perspectives on current challenges.

Download or read book Africa s Endangered Languages written by Jason Kandybowicz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes a General index, an Author index, and a Language index.

Download or read book Handbook of Word Formation written by Pavol Štekauer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-30 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the most comprehensive book to date on word formation in terms of scope of topics, schools and theoretical positions. All contributions were written by the leading scholars in their respective areas.

Download or read book Text Speech and Dialogue written by Petr Sojka and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-08-08 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Text, Speech and Dialogue, TSD 2012, held in Brno, Czech Republic, in September 2012. The 82 papers presented together with 2 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 173 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on corpora and language resources, speech recognition, tagging, classification and parsing of text and speech, speech and spoken language generation, semantic processing of text and speech, integrating applications of text and speech processing, machine translation, automatic dialogue systems, multimodal techniques and modeling.