Download or read book TERATOGENESIS AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY Volume 65 written by JOHNSON EM. and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Teratogenesis and Reproductive Toxicology written by E.M. Johnson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The resolution of links between exposure to components of our complex environmental and causation of reproductive effects in the population constitutes an important problem in the field of toxicology. The focus of this volume is developmental toxicology, which represents one aspect of reproductive toxicology dealing with the study of adverse effects on the developing conceptus. Developmental toxicology, which includes teratogenesis as one of its manifesta tions, provides a fertile field for research in several basic and clinical disciplines; this field also receives input from several disoiplines such as developmental and molecu lar biology, pathology, pharmacology and toxicology, pediatrics and neonatology, and epidemiology. More recently we h~ve seen an emergence of interest in other fields such as perinatal physiology and postnatal behavior which have now become incorporated into the mainstream of research in this discipline. The present volume is an effort to provide a sampling of concepts currently under active investigation in several of the above fields. The authors have endeavored to provide up-to-date in formation on the following topics: detection and analysis of potential hazards to the conceptus in the workplace, pharmacokinetic aspects of the maternal/placental! fetal complex and its relationship to human birth defects, and probable mechanisms of teratogenesis as uncovered in certain well-defined situations. Also included are summaries of newer investigations on the emerging field of postnatal functional evaluations, i. e. , adverse effects on adult activities resultant from in utero exposure to toxic substances.
Download or read book Drinking Water and Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1986-02-01 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most recent volume in the Drinking Water and Health series contains the results of a two-part study on the toxicity of drinking water contaminants. The first part examines current practices in risk assessment, identifies new noncancerous toxic responses to chemicals found in drinking water, and discusses the use of pharmacokinetic data to estimate the delivered dose and response. The second part of the book provides risk assessments for 14 specific compounds, 9 presented here for the first time.
Download or read book Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology written by Ronald D. Hood and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-08-30 with total page 1164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely revised and updated, Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology: A Practical Approach, Second Edition draws together valuable information typically scattered throughout the literature, plus some not previously published, into one complete resource. In addition to the traditional aspects of developmental toxicity testing, the book covers e
Download or read book Handbook of Developmental Toxicology written by Ronald D. Hood and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-10-23 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developmental toxicology, an increasingly important area, encompasses the study of toxicant effects on development, from conception through puberty. The Handbook of Developmental Toxicology provides useful insights gained from hands-on experience, as well as a theoretical foundation. In this convenient reference you will find information not previously gathered in one source-including comparative developmental milestones, historical data, and a glossary of terms used in developmental toxicity evaluation. This handbook is a practical guide for individuals who are responsible for testing chemical agents and for regulatory scientists who must evaluate studies, interpret data, and perform risk assessments. Packed with features, the Handbook of Developmental Toxicology is ideal for training students and technicians in developmental toxicology.
Download or read book Issues and Reviews in Teratology written by H. Kalter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why Efforts to Expand the Meaning of "Teratogen" Are Unacceptable Disagreement about nomenclature in teratology is not new. Dissent even about the very fabric of the discipline-what congenital malformations consist of-has often been voiced. Time, instead of resolving such diffi culties, has sometimes worsened them. For example, in the past it was agreed that congenital malforma tions are abnormalities of structure present at birth, but differences of opinion concerning where the line between normal and abnormal was to be drawn prevailed. It was obvious that, in order to discover the causes of congenital malformations and cast strategies for their prevention, it would be necessary to have knowledge of the baseline of their frequency, and that this required uniformity of definition of terms. Since malfor mations of primary social concern are those having grave outcomes (and are, paradoxically, also the commonest ones), it is logical that such condi tions were the first consideration of investigators and were the defects whose frequency was considered to comprise the required baseline.
Download or read book NIDA Research Monograph written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Toxicology of Inhaled Materials written by H.P. Witschi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the methods and scientific basis of inhalation toxicology. It describes devices and facilities needed to expose animals to inhaled particles and gases as well as approaches to estimating or measuring the fraction of the inhaled material that is retained in the respiratory tract. The book then reviews the evergrowing repertoire of techniques that can be used to measure the responses elicited by the exposure. Quantitative and qualitative anatomical, physiological, and biochemical strategies are discussed in detail. We believe that the toxicology of inhaled materials is an important and timely topic for several'reasons. During the past decade, morbidity and mortality attributable to cardiovascular disease have significantly decreased. Progress in combatting cancer, the second most important cause of death, has been slower, and lung cancer actually became the leading cause of death in men and the second leading cause of cancer death in women. In addition, the incidence of non-neo plastic respiratory diseases such as emphysema, fibrosis, and chronic bronchitis has increased the past decade. In the United States, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has recently reported that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease affects nearly 10 miliion persons and accounts for 59,000 deaths yearly; indeed, it ranks as the fifth leading cause of death. Because the incidence is increasing, the NIH estimates that it may become the nation's fourth or even third leading cause of death by the year 2000.
Download or read book Biochemical Pharmacology of Blood and Bloodforming Organs written by James W. Fisher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject of this volume is to review chemical agents which affect blood and blood-forming organs. Significant ad- vances made over the past several years in the purification of several hematopoietic growth factors, such as erythro- poietin and colony stimulating factor; the availability of several other growth factors, such as the interleukins which are important in regulating the production of red blood cells, leukocytes, megakaryocytes and platelets are discus- sed. Numerous toxic chemical substances are being produced in our environment which people are exposed todaily causing a suppression of erythropoiesis, myelopoiesis and megakaryo- cytopoiesis. Attempts to evaluate both the therapeutic role of some of the newer growth factors, such as erythropoietin in the anemia of end stage disease, as well as colony stimu- lating factors in somehematopoietic abnormalities are also covered in this volume. In addition, numerous chemical fac- tors in our environment which suppress major hematopoietic lineages stimulated by erythropoietin, macrophage colony stimulating factor, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, interleukin 1-alpha, 1-beta, 2,3,4,5,6, and 7 are also in- cluded. In addition, chapters on the use of erythropoietin in the treatment of anemia of end stage renal disease can provide the practicing hematologist and nephrologist with updated information on the use of erythropoietin for this disease. The book includes chapters on the fundamental con- trol of hematopoiesis and other mechanisms of action of erythropoietin, and finally an up-to-date overview of the chemotherapy of leukemia. This book will prove useful to in- vestigators in the fields of pharmacology, physiology, nephrology, urology, hematology, pathology, endocrinology, biochemistry, and molecular and cell biology.
Download or read book Principles and Methods of Toxicology Fifth Edition written by A. Wallace Hayes and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-09-25 with total page 2304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Founded on the paradox that all things are poisons and the difference between poison and remedy is quantity, the determination of safe dosage forms the base and focus of modern toxicology. In order to make a sound determination there must be a working knowledge of the biologic mechanisms involved and of the methods employed to define these mechanisms. While the vastness of the field and the rapid accumulation of data may preclude the possibility of absorbing and retaining more than a fraction of the available information, a solid understanding of the underlying principles is essential. Extensively revised and updated with four new chapters and an expanded glossary, this fifth edition of the classic text, Principles and Methods of Toxicology provides comprehensive coverage in a manageable and accessible format. New topics include 'toxicopanomics', plant and animal poisons, information resources, and non-animal testing alternatives. Emphasizing the cornerstones of toxicology-people differ, dose matters, and things change, the book begins with a review of the history of toxicology and followed by an explanation of basic toxicological principles, agents that cause toxicity, target organ toxicity, and toxicological testing methods including many of the test protocols required to meet regulatory needs worldwide. The book examines each method or procedure from the standpoint of technique and interpretation of data and discusses problems and pitfalls that may be associated with each. The addition of several new authors allow for a broader and more diverse treatment of the ever-changing and expanding field of toxicology. Maintaining the high-quality information and organizational framework that made the previous editions so successful, Principles and Methods of Toxicology, Fifth Edition continues to be a valuable resource for the advanced practitioner as well as the new disciple of toxicology.
Download or read book Handbook of Behavioral Teratology written by E.P. Riley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 829 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was developed in response to a need in behavioral teratology for a comprehen sive set of reviews of the field's many topics brought together in a single source. This volume represents the first effort to synthesize and integrate research in the field since 1969 when Justin Joffe wrote Prenatal Determinants of Behaviour. Joffe's book became a standard reference for many years, particularly for the experimental design of animal investigations. It has become increasingly evident, however, that some aspects of design once considered inviolate have changed and become part of a more flexible approach. In current research the emphasis is on a set of prioritized, but focused, experimental ques tions rather than on designs which factor all possible variables into every experiment. Also, new design considerations have arisen over the last 15 years, not appreciated when Joffe wrote. Moreover, the sheer volume of new experimental evidence generated since 1969 has increased the content of the field several fold. These considerations made a new review and critical appraisal of the field compelling. The book is divided into four major sections. Part I contains four chapters. These chapters provide discussions of the general principles of behavioral teratogenesis, and information on the historical, governmental, and methodological contexts in which the field operates. The purpose of these chapters is to provide the framework within which the review chapters in the remainder of the book may best be understood.
Download or read book Pharmacology of Intestinal Permeation I written by and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 719 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intestine, particularly the small bowel, represents a large surface (in the adult 2 human approximately 200m ) through which the body is exposed to its environment. A vigorous substrate exchange takes place across this large surface: nutrients and xenobiotics are absorbed from the lumen into the bloodstream or the lymph, and simultaneously, the same types of substrate pass back into the lumen. The luminal surface of the intestine is lined with a "leaky" epithelium, thus the passage of the substrates, in either direction, proceeds via both transcellular and intercellular routes. Simple and carrier-mediated diffusion, active transport, pinocytosis, phagocytosis and persorption are all involved in this passage across the intestinal wall. The term "intestinal permeation" refers to the process of passage of various substances across the gut wall, either from the lumen into the blood or lymph, or in the opposite direction. "Permeability" is the condition of the gut which governs the rate of this complex two-way passage. The pharmacologist's interest in the problem of intestinal permeation is twofold: on the one hand, this process determines thebioavailability of drugs and contributes significantly to the pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics of xeno biotics; on the other hand, the pharmacodynamic effects of many drugs are manifested in a significant alteration of the physiological process of intestinal permeation.
Download or read book Pharmacology of Intestinal Permeation II written by and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intestine, particularly the small bowel, represents a large surface (in the adult 2 human approximately 200 m ) through which the body is exposed to its environ ment. A vigorous substrate exchange takes place across this large surface: nutrients and xenobiotics are absorbed from the lumen into the bloodstream or the lymph, and simultaneously, the same types of substrate pass back into the lumen. The luminal surface of the intestine is lined with a "leaky" epithelium, thus the passage of the substrates, in either direction, proceeds via both transcellular and intercellular routes. Simple and carrier-mediated diffusion, active transport, pinocytosis, phagocytosis and persorption are all involved in this passage across the intestinal wall. The term "intestinal permeation" refers to the process of passage of various substances across the gut wall, either from the lumen into the blood or lymph, or in the opposite direction. "Permeability" is the condition of the gut which governs the rate of this complex two-way passage. The pharmacologist's interest in the problem of intestinal permeation is twofold: on the one hand, this process determines the bioavailability of drugs and contributes significantly to the pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics of xeno biotics; on the other hand, the pharmacodynamic effects of many drugs are manifested in a signigicant alteration of the physiological process of intestinal permeation.
Download or read book A Guide to General Toxicology written by Judith K. Marquis and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 1989 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Local Anesthetics written by Gary R. Strichartz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Local anesthetics are among the most widely used drugs. Their development over the past century ranges from a documented influence on Freud's Interpretation of Dreams 1 to the synthesis of the ubiquitously popular lidocaine, as described in Chapter 1. For surgical procedures the use of regional, epidural and intrathecal local anesthesia has increased continuously during the past decade. Local anesthetics are also applied by physicians to ameliorate unpleasant sensations and reactions to other procedures, such as tracheal intubation. The presence or the threat of cardiac arrhythmias is often countered by chronic administration oflocal anesthetic-like agents, such as lidocaine or procainamide. Relief of acute pain, accompanying dental manipulations, for example, and of chronic pain are also accomplished with traditional local anesthetics. And over-the-counter formula tions of topical local anesthetics provide practitioners of solar indiscretion welcome relief from their otherwise unaccommodating sunburn. In all these applications the final effect of the local anesthetic is an inhibition of electrical activity, accomplished as a reduction or total blockade of action potentials. The primary site of action is the sodium channel, a transmembrane protein which is essential for the influx of sodium ions that subserves impulse generation and propagation in nerves, skeletal muscle, and heart. The detailed mechanisms oflocal anesthetic action are still being investigated and Chapter 2 of this volume provides a current overview of that subject.
Download or read book Interferons and Their Applications written by P.E. Came and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, the basic mood of researchers and clinical investigators, both at the center and on the periphery of interferon studies, is optimistic regarding the future of interferons as therapeutic substances. Many also feel these polypeptides will prove invaluable probes in unraveling certain fundamental biochemical processes which control the life cycle and developmental pattern of many human cells. In contrast, only a year or two ago, this optimism had given way to an attitude almost of disenchantment as public and scientific expectations were raised steeply, then rapidly waned, as it turns out, prematurely. Both the mUltiple actions of interferons (a virtual cascade of biochemical reactions may be induced, as documented herein) and the high visibility of interferon research provided by the millions of dollars invested both by national health agencies and by multinational pharmaceutical companies, contributed to an upsweep in public attention to drug development probably unprecedented in this century. Virtually every oncologist, it would seem, was plagued by requests for the experimental agent, although they already had therapies of more proven value. As recently as 1980, even though interferon had achieved success against certain cancers and certain viral diseases, the variability in clinical results was seemingly ever present and little evidence emerged to suggest interferons could cure advanced diseases. Why then the resurgence of an optimistic mood? There are almost always many elements which contribute to happiness, and this is certainly true of the broad frontier of interferon and its place in biochemical research and treatment.
Download or read book The Pharmacology of Lymphocytes written by Michael A. Bray and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Immunopharmacology" , why not "pharmacoimmunology"? Professor H. O. Schild University College London, 1962 An intact immune response is essential for survival, as is evidenced by the various innate immune deficiency syndromes and by the emergence of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) as a pandemic during the last decade. Substances which stimulate the immune response might contribute to the therapy of AIDS and its precursor, AIDS-related syndrome, as well as of other clinical conditions in which immune responses can be diminished, such as carcinoma and infections. In other circumstances, an intact or heightened immune response may pose clinical problems; hence there is need to suppress, or diminish, components of the immune response. For instance, it is necessary to impair cellular immunity in order to ensure lasting acceptance of heterografts and it is already established that agents effective in transplantation are therapeutically effective in an range of autoimmune diseases. More recently, experimental studies have indicated that aberrant manifestations of humoral immunity, as in allergies, may also be amenable to pharmacological intervention.
