Download or read book Temperature and CO2 responses of leaf and canopy photosynthesis written by M G R (Melvin) Cannell and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The responses of C-3 leaf and canopy gross photosynthesis to increasing temperature and CO2 can be readily understood in terms of the temperature and CO2 dependencies of quantum yield (phi(i)) and light-saturated photosynthesis (A(sat)) the two principal parameters in the non-rectangular hyperbola model of photosynthesis. Here, we define these dependencies within the mid-range for C-3 herbaceous plants, based on a review of the literature. Then, using illustrative parameter values, we deduce leaf and canopy photosynthesis responses to temperature and CO, in different environmental conditions (including shifts in the temperature optimum) from the assumed sensitivities of phi(i) and A(sat) to temperature and CO2. We show that: (1) elevated CO2 increases photosynthesis more at warm than at cool temperatures because of the large combined CO2-responses of both phi(i) and A(sat) at high temperatures; (2) elevated CO2 may substantially raise the temperature optimum of photosynthesis at warm temperatures, but not at the cool temperatures which prevail for much of the time at temperate and high latitudes; (3) large upward shifts in the temperature optimum of canopy gross photosynthesis occur at high irradiances, following the response of A(sat), and are probably important for global carbon fixation; (4) canopy gross photosynthesis shows smaller CO2-temperature interactions than leaf photosynthesis, because leaves in canopies receive lower average irradiances and sep more strongly follow the dependencies of phi(i); and (5) at very low irradiances, the temperature optimum of photosynthesis is low and is raised very little by increasing CO2.
Download or read book Canopy Photosynthesis From Basics to Applications written by Kouki Hikosaka and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-17 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last 30 years has seen the development of increasingly sophisticated models that quantify canopy carbon exchange. These models are now essential parts of larger models for prediction and simulation of crop production, climate change, and regional and global carbon dynamics. There is thus an urgent need for increasing expertise in developing, use and understanding of these models. This in turn calls for an advanced, yet easily accessible textbook that summarizes the “canopy science” and introduces the present and the future scientists to the theoretical background of the current canopy models. This book presents current knowledge of functioning of plant canopies, models and strategies employed to simulate canopy function, and the significance of canopy architecture, physiology and dynamics in ecosystems, landscape and biosphere.
Download or read book Dynamics of Leaf Photosynthesis written by A Laisk and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book details a novel approach to dynamic, as opposed to steady-state, analysis of leaf photosynthesis by integrating fast responses to Carbon Dioxide:Oxygen exchange with optical techniques for fluorescence, light scattering and absorbance measurements. It outlines state-of-the-art approaches to the next generation of photosynthetic research in vivo.
Download or read book Environmental Effects on Photosynthesis of C3 Plants written by Tania June and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-04 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photosynthesis is the process by which plants sense and respond to changes in atmospheric [CO2] concentration, climate, and soil, and therefore, understanding how this process is affected is very important. This book examines the effects of changes in temperature, [CO2], light intensity and nitrogen nutrition on photosynthesis, based on experiments involving gas exchange and fluorescence techniques on plants grown at different climate and nitrogen nutrient condition in a controlled growth chamber. Short-term responses of photosynthesis and long-term acclimation to [CO2] and temperature are examined. Scaling up from the leaf to the canopy level is simulated using the sun-shade and big-leaf model presenting algorithm for calculating diurnal canopy assimilation rate using parameters from the single leaf light and [CO2] responses, the canopy extinction coefficient for light and nitrogen, canopy leaf area index, canopy nitrogen concentration , daily solar irradiance and daily maximum and minimum temperatures; taking into account the significance of diffuse radiation in canopy assimilation rate and efficiency.
Download or read book Biochemical Models of Leaf Photosynthesis written by Susanna Von Caemmerer and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2000 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing concerns of global climatic change have stimulated research in all aspects of carbon exchange. This has restored interest in leaf-photosynthetic models to predict and assess changes in photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in different environments. This is a comprehensive presentation of the most widely used models of steady-state photosynthesis by an author who is a world authority. Treatments of C3, C4 and intermediate pathways of photosynthesis in relation to environment have been updated to include work on antisense transgenic plants. It will be a standard reference for the formal analysis of photosynthetic metabolism in vivo by advanced students and researchers.
Download or read book Photosynthesis Respiration and Climate Change written by Katie M. Becklin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-31 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and global climate conditions have altered photosynthesis and plant respiration across both geologic and contemporary time scales. Understanding climate change effects on plant carbon dynamics is critical for predicting plant responses to future growing conditions. Furthermore, demand for biofuel, fibre and food production is rapidly increasing with the ever-expanding global human population, and our ability to meet these demands is exacerbated by climate change. This volume integrates physiological, ecological, and evolutionary perspectives on photosynthesis and respiration responses to climate change. We explore this topic in the context of modeling plant responses to climate, including physiological mechanisms that constrain carbon assimilation and the potential for plants to acclimate to rising carbon dioxide concentration, warming temperatures and drought. Additional chapters contrast climate change responses in natural and agricultural ecosystems, where differences in climate sensitivity between different photosynthetic pathways can influence community and ecosystem processes. Evolutionary studies over past and current time scales provide further insight into evolutionary changes in photosynthetic traits, the emergence of novel plant strategies, and the potential for rapid evolutionary responses to future climate conditions. Finally, we discuss novel approaches to engineering photosynthesis and photorespiration to improve plant productivity for the future. The overall goals for this volume are to highlight recent advances in photosynthesis and respiration research, and to identify key challenges to understanding and scaling plant physiological responses to climate change. The integrated perspectives and broad scope of research make this volume an excellent resource for both students and researchers in many areas of plant science, including plant physiology, ecology, evolution, climate change, and biotechnology. For this volume, 37 experts contributed chapters that span modeling, empirical, and applied research on photosynthesis and respiration responses to climate change. Authors represent the following seven countries: Australia (6); Canada (9), England (5), Germany (2), Spain (3), and the United States (12).
Download or read book Carbon Dioxide and Environmental Stress written by Yiqi Luo and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1999-04-02 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interactions of CO2 with Water, Temperature, Salinity, UV-B, Ozone, and Nutrients: -- T.C. Hsiao and R.B. Jackson, Interactive Effects of Water Stress and Elevated CO2 on Growth, Photosynthesis, and Water Use Efficiency. -- J.S. Amthor, Increasing Atmospheric CO2 Concentration, Water Use, and Water Stress: Scaling Up from the Plant to the Landscape. -- R.M.M. Crawford and D.W. Wolfe, Temperature: Cellular to Whole Plant and Population Responses. -- S.D. Smith, D.N. Jordan, and E.P. Hamerlynck, Effects of Elevated CO2 and Temperature Stress on Ecosystem Processes. -- R.E. Munns, G.R. Cramer, and M.C. Ball, Interactions Between Rising CO2, Soil Salinity, and Plant Growth. -- J. Rozema, A.H. Teramura, and M.M. Caldwell, Atmospheric CO2 Enrichment and Enhanced Solar Ultraviolet-B Radiation: Gene to Ecosystem Responses. -- A. Polle and E.J. Pell, The Role of Carbon Dioxide in Modifying the Plant Response to Ozone. -- H.H. Rogers, G.B. Runion, S.A. Prior, and H.A. Torbert, Response of Plants ...
Download or read book Co2 And Plants written by Edgar R. Lemon and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-04-11 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents information on the direct effects of increased atmospheric CO2 on plants. It considers what we already know about plant responses to various CO2 concentrations. .
Download or read book Photosynthesis in silico written by Agu Laisk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-19 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photosynthesis in silico: Understanding Complexity from Molecules to Ecosystems is a unique book that aims to show an integrated approach to the understanding of photosynthesis processes. In this volume - using mathematical modeling - processes are described from the biophysics of the interaction of light with pigment systems to the mutual interaction of individual plants and other organisms in canopies and large ecosystems, up to the global ecosystem issues. Chapters are written by 44 international authorities from 15 countries. Mathematics is a powerful tool for quantitative analysis. Properly programmed, contemporary computers are able to mimic complicated processes in living cells, leaves, canopies and ecosystems. These simulations - mathematical models - help us predict the photosynthetic responses of modeled systems under various combinations of environmental conditions, potentially occurring in nature, e.g., the responses of plant canopies to globally increasing temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration. Tremendous analytical power is needed to understand nature's infinite complexity at every level.
Download or read book Crop Photosynthesis written by N.R. Baker and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since photosynthetic performance is a fundamental determinant of yield in the vast majority of crops, an understanding of the factors limiting photosynthetic productivity has a crucial role to play in crop improvement programmes. Photosynthesis, unlike the majority of physiological processes in plants, has been the subject of extensive studies at the molecular level for many years. This reductionist approach has resulted in the development of an impressive and detailed understanding of the mechanisms of light capture, energy transduction and carbohydrate biosynthesis, processes that are clearly central to the success of the plant and the productivity of crops. This volume examines in the widest context the factors determining the photosynthetic performance of crops. The emphasis throughout the book is on the setting for photosynthesis rather than the fundamental process itself. The book will prove useful to a wide range of plant scientists, and will encourage a more rapid integration of disciplines in the quest to understand and improve the productivity of crops by the procedures of classical breeding and genetic manipulation.
Download or read book Effects of Carbon Dioxide on the Physiology and Biochemistry of Photosynthesis in Soybean written by William Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2019-05-31 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: In three consecutive years (1983, 1984, and 1985) soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr. cv Bragg) were grown from seed to maturity in six outdoor environmentally controlled plant growth chambers under natural solar irradiance. The C0 2 concentrations inside the chambers were controlled to various levels during these studies. Both field and laboratory measurements were made to investigate the effects of CO2 concentration on photosynthesis. Emphasis was placed on the response to C0 2 of ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate (RuBP) and RuBP carboxylase (RuBPCase), the substrate and enzyme of the carbon fixation reaction in soybean. Following growth at 330 (atmospheric concentration) or 660 ul CO2 1, leaflet photosynthetic rates were always greater for the elevated Od^ grown plants when measured over a wide range of COn concentrations. This enhanced capacity for photosynthesis was possibly a result of changes in internal leaf anatomy, or to greater assimilate demand, or both, in the high CO- grown plants. The RuBP concentration decreased with increasing CCL, but still appeared to be greater than the active site concentration of RuBPCase. The RuBPCase activity, expressed on an area basis, was not affected by growth CCL concentration. It appears that RuBPCase and RuBP are thus not involved significantly in the enhanced photosynthetic capacity. Evaporative cooling kept leaf temperatures from reaching the higher air temperatures during studies on temperature effects on soybean grown at atmospheric and twice atmospheric concentrations of C0". Although air temperatures were increased by approximately 5 and 10°C, leaf temperatures were usually not increased more than approximately 2.5 and 4.5°C, respectively. These leaf temperature increases were not great enough to affect canopy photosynthesis or RuPBCase activity (on a chlorophyll basis) in either CCL treatment. Canopy photosynthesis was, however, greater at the higher CCL concentration. The concentration of RuBP was reduced at higher temperatures. Increasing growth CCL concentrations (from 160 to 990 jul CCL 1 ) resulted in decreasing RuBPCase activities and RuBP levels, when both were expressed on a chlorophyll basis. At the higher C0" concentrations, the concentration of RuBP appeared to approach the concentration of RuBPCase active sites. Both the apparent K (C0? ) and V of RuBPCase showed small, but statistically significant, decreases with increasing C0" Dissertation Discovery Company and University of Florida are dedicated to making scholarly works more discoverable and accessible throughout the world. This dissertation, "Effects of Carbon Dioxide on the Physiology and Biochemistry of Photosynthesis in Soybean" by William J. Campbell, was obtained from University of Florida and is being sold with permission from the author. A digital copy of this work may also be found in the university's institutional repository, IR@UF. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation.
Download or read book Ecophysiology of Photosynthesis written by Ernst-Detlef Schulze and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a world of increasing atmospheric CO2, there is intensified interest in the ecophysiology of photosynthesis and increasing attention is being given to carbon exchange and storage in natural ecosystems. We need to know how much photosynthesis of terrestrial and aquatic vegetation will change as global CO2 increases. Are there major ecosystems, such as the boreal forests, which may become important sinks of CO2 and slow down the effects of anthropogenic CO2 emissions on climate? Will the composition of the vegetation change as a result of CO2 increase? This volume reviews the progress which has been made in understanding photosynthesis in the past few decades at several levels of integration from the molecular level to canopy, ecosystem and global scales.
Download or read book The Implications of Concurrent Increases in Temperature and CO2 Concentration for Terrestrial C3 Photosynthesis written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study utilizes a mechanistic model of lea photosynthesis to examine the potential quantitative significance of the interaction of rising atmospheric. Carbon dioxide concentration (C{sub a}) and temperature on leaf photosynthesis. Predictions are compared to experimental measurements in which plants have been grown either in elevated C{sub a} in the field for extended periods or from seed in controlled environments, to examine the interaction of low temperature with elevated C{sub a}. Three questions addressed were: To what extent will increase in C{sub a} modify the response of leaf photosynthetic CO2 uptake (A) to temperature; is the decrease in photosynthesis at sub-optimal temperatures predicted for plants grown at elevated C{sub a}, realized in practice? Is photoinhibition accentuated in plants grown in the field at elevated C{sub a} for long-periods.
Download or read book Photosynthesis in a Changing Global Climate a Matter of Scale written by Iker Aranjuelo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-02-25 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecological Responses and Adaptations of Crops to Rising Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide written by Zoltan Tuba and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-08-31 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of rising levels of greenhouse gases—and the global consequences for crops! Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas that causes global warming and directly impacts every aspect of plant life and indirectly impacts animal and human life. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have risen dramatically over the past century, and though this could mean opportunities for better growth and increased yield of certain crops, other factors like weather extremes and changes to plant physiology may mitigate the positive effects. Ecological Responses and Adaptations of Crops to Rising Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide comprehensively analyzes every aspect of crop responses to increasing carbon dioxide as well as their productional significance for the world. Changes in the growth rate and yield of crops are explored, with attention given to the consequences of coming weather changes on production and the expected economic impact. Ecological Responses and Adaptations of Crops to Rising Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide takes the data gleaned from careful research to provide an in-depth vision of the impact of carbon dioxide on global temperatures, plant physiology, and the ecological and economic future of our world. Respected authorities thoroughly discuss the research detailing the complete range of issues from plant growth under increased carbon dioxide levels to the impact of rising air temperatures to the evolving ecophysiological responses within various crops. Extensive references provide opportunities for further research while detailed tables and graphs clearly illustrate data. Ecological Responses and Adaptations of Crops to Rising Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide explores the effects of carbon dioxide enrichment on: plants, crops, and vegetation—is it beneficial? growth, yield, and photosynthetic responses in rice the photosynthetic capacity and productivity of rice under field conditions—and the role of nitrogen fertilization forage and grain nitrogen content potato crops crop responses including interaction with temperature the growth of maize different agricultural systems around the world—such as central and southeastern Europe, northern climates, Sudan, citrus-growing regions, and others the production ecophysiology of Hungarian green pepper and much more! The impending changes in our world make Ecological Responses and Adaptations of Crops to Rising Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide a valuable text for educators and postgraduate students in the field of plant ecology and crop production and an essential resource for researchers in the fields of plant ecology, ecophysiology, agricultural crop production, and environmental sciences.
Download or read book Managing Water Resources in the West Under Conditions of Climate Uncertainty written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question of whether the earth's climate is changing in some significant human-induced way remains a matter of much debate. But the fact that climate is variable over time is well known. These two elements of climatic uncertainty affect water resources planning and management in the American West. Managing Water Resources in the West Under Conditions of Climate Uncertainty examines the scientific basis for predictions of climate change, the implications of climate uncertainty for water resources management, and the management options available for responding to climate variability and potential climate change.
Download or read book Changes in the photosynthetic light response curve during leaf development of field grown maize with implications for modelling canopy photosynthesis written by C M. Stirling and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in the photosynthetic light-response curve during leaf development were determined for the fourth leaf of maize crops sown on 23 April and 10 June. Temperatures were unusually mild during late spring/early summer and neither crop experienced chilling damage. The concept of thermal time was used to take into account the effects of different temperature regimes on developmental stage, thereby enabling photosynthetic light-response data to be combined for both crops to describe the general response. Large variations in the upper asymptote (A(sat)) and convexity (Theta) of the light- response curve occurred during leaf development, but the maximum quantum yield of CO2 assimilation remained relatively constant throughout. Dark respiration rates showed a small but significant decrease with leaf age and generally ranged between 5 and 10% of A(sat). A simple mathematical model was developed to assess the sensitivity of daily leaf photosynthesis (A(L)) to reductions in the A(sat), Theta and the initial slope (Phi) of the light-response curve at different stages of leaf development. On bright sunny days, and at all developmental stages, A(L) was ca. twice as sensitive to reductions in A(sat) than to reductions in Phi and Theta. In overcast conditions, however, all three parameters contributed significantly to reductions in leaf photosynthesis, although the contribution of Phi was greatest during early leaf growth, while older leaves were most sensitive to depressions in A(sat). The implications of these results for modelling the sensitivity of canopy photosynthesis to chill- induced photoinhibition of the light-response curve are discussed.
