Download or read book Technological Adoption Human Capital and Economic Growth written by Christakis E. Papageorgiou and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Policy Technology Adoption and Growth written by William Easterly and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes a simple model of technology adoption which combines the two engines of growth emphasized in the recent growth literature: human capital accumulation and technological progress. Our model economy does not create new technologies, it simply adopts those that have been created elsewhere. The accumulation of human capital is closely tied to this adoption process: accumulating human capital simply means learning how to incorporate a new intermediate good into the production process. Since the adoption costs are proportional to the labor force, the model does not display the counterfactual scale effects that are standard in models with endogenous technical progress. We show that our model is compatible with various standard results on the effects of economic policy on the rate of growth.

Download or read book Focusing on the Effect of Educational Attainment and Technology Adoption on Economic Growth written by Wan-Goo Kang and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neoclassical growth theory suggests that less-developed countries will grow faster than developed countries because less-developed countries adopt technologies from the developed countries at low cost. This means that technology-adopting countries tend to grow faster when the technology gap from the technology transfer country is greater. However, experience over the last 40 years shows often that differences in growth rates across countries are persistent and some countries, especially relatively low income countries, have not grown fast in spite of a large technology gap. Therefore, this paper tries to identify environments where the technology gap affects economic growth through the diffusion of technologies obtained from leading economies by less developed ones. We assume that the benefit from the technology gap is limited by the human capital of the country and depends on interactions between that country and advanced countries. We focus on the role of average educational level in the process of technological progress through technology adoption from abroad. In addition, we test the effects of different levels of human capital. Using OLS, 3SLS, and panel analyses, this paper tests the role of human capital attainment and the effect of technology adoption combined with human capital in the growth process. This paper finds that human capital attainment and technology adoption have positive effects on economic growth. In addition, higher levels of education are more important in the later stages of development or in the developed countries. Technology adoption effects combined with human capital are increased as the human capital level increases.

Download or read book Finance Research Education and Growth written by L. Paganetto and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-01-31 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A crucial issue in the era of globalisation and internationalization, is whether the relationship between investment and finance is beneficial to growth and development. Received wisdom is that Research and Development is essential not only for maintaining productivity, but also for competing in the marketplace. Similar questions have been raised about education and its rate of 'social return; is education necessary for improving the skill of the workforce, or does it serve primarily to facilitate the adoption of these new technologies? This book brings together a case of leading international scholars to analyze the importance of education, research and human capital and the impact of financial systems on growth and development.

Download or read book Technology Adoption Human Capital and Growth Theory written by Chris Papageorgiou and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper explores a model in which growth is determined by a combination of human capital and technology adoption. At the heart of the model is the notion of "contiguous knowledge" the idea that knowledge spreads out a certain distance. Because of this property of knowledge, a country can adopt existing technology only when it is sufficiently close to the technological frontier. Unlike the neoclassical growth model, the proposed model predictions are pessimistic for countries that are far away from the frontier. The model is thus able to account both for rapid growth episodes and economic stagnation.

Download or read book Technology Diffusion and Postwar Growth written by Diego Comin and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the aftermath of World War II, the world's economies exhibited very different rates of economic recovery. The authors provide evidence that those countries that caught up the most with the U.S. in the postwar period are those that also saw an acceleration in the speed of adoption of new technologies. This acceleration is correlated with the incidence of U.S. economic aid and technical assistance in the same period. The authors interpret this as supportive of the interpretation that technology transfers from the U.S. to Western European countries and Japan were an important factor in driving growth in these recipient countries during the postwar decades. Charts and tables.

Download or read book The Converging Technology Revolution and Human Capital written by Sajitha Bashir and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-10-08 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: South Asia is heavily impacted by the devastating loss of lives and human capital from the COVID-19 pandemic and the converging technology revolution sweeping the globe. The Converging Technology Revolution and Human Capital: Potential and Implications for South Asia looks at how the region could capitalize on these technologies to accelerate its development of human capital and promote adaptability and resilience to future shocks. The convergence of technological breakthroughs spanning biotechnology, nanotechnology, information technology, and cognitive science is driven by artificial intelligence, data flows, computing power, and connectivity. These breakthroughs can improve service delivery, productivity, and innovation, but they can also exacerbate inequalities and eliminate people’s agency and empowerment. This report analyzes these trends in the region, offering a comprehensive agenda to exploit the opportunities offered by converging technologies while minimizing the risks to vulnerable populations. It proposes strategies for building public sector capacity and promoting data and technology governance frameworks in a rapidly evolving technology landscape.

Download or read book Technology and Human Capital in Historical Perspective written by Jonas Ljungberg and published by Springer. This book was released on 2004-10-29 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One theme of this volume is whether the complementarity between technology and human capital is a recent phenomenon, or whether it can be traced through history. Different approaches to human capital as well as technology are applied, and besides historical surveys are total factor productivity and patent data employed. The studies deal with the Iberian peninsula, Scandinavia, and Canada, countries displaying different patterns in the international development.

Download or read book China s New Sources of Economic Growth Reform Resources and Climate Change written by Ligang Song and published by . This book was released on 2016-07-20 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's change to a new model of growth, now called the 'new normal', was always going to be hard. Events over the past year show how hard it is. The attempts to moderate the extremes of high investment and low consumption, the correction of overcapacity in the heavy industries that were the mainstays of the old model of growth, the hauling in of the immense debt hangover from the fiscal and monetary expansion that pulled China out of the Great Crash of 2008 would all have been hard at any time. They are harder when changes in economic policy and structure coincide with stagnation in global trade and rising protectionist sentiment in developed countries, extraordinarily rapid demographic change and recognition of the urgency of easing the environmental damage from the old model. China's economy has slowed and there are worries that the authorities will not be able to contain the slowdown within preferred limits. This year's Update explores the challenge of the slowdown in growth and the change in economic structure. Leading experts on China's economy and environment review change within China's new model of growth, and its interaction with ageing, environmental pressure, new patterns of urbanisation, and debt problems at different levels of government. It illuminates some new developments in China's economy, including the transformational potential of internet banking, and the dynamics of financial market instability. China's economic development since 1978 is full of exciting change, and this year's China Update is again the way to know it as it is happening.

Download or read book The Jobs of Tomorrow written by Mark A. Dutz and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-04-10 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While adoption of new technologies is understood to enhance long-term growth and average per-capita incomes, its impact on lower-skilled workers is more complex and merits clarification. Concerns abound that advanced technologies developed in high-income countries would inexorably lead to job losses of lower-skilled, less well-off workers and exacerbate inequality. Conversely, there are countervailing concerns that policies intended to protect jobs from technology advancement would themselves stultify progress and depress productivity. This book squarely addresses both sets of concerns with new research showing that adoption of digital technologies offers a pathway to more inclusive growth by increasing adopting firms’ outputs, with the jobs-enhancing impact of technology adoption assisted by growth-enhancing policies that foster sizable output expansion. The research reported here demonstrates with economic theory and data from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico that lower-skilled workers can benefit from adoption of productivity-enhancing technologies biased towards skilled workers, and often do. The inclusive jobs outcomes arise when the effects of increased productivity and expanding output overcome the substitution of workers for technology. While the substitution effect replaces some lower-skilled workers with new technology and more highly-skilled labor, the output effect can lead to an increase in the total number of jobs for less-skilled workers. Critically, output can increase sufficiently to increase jobs across all tasks and skill types within adopting firms, including jobs for lower-skilled workers, as long as lower-skilled task content remains complementary to new technologies and related occupations are not completely automated and replaced by machines. It is this channel for inclusive growth that underlies the power of pro-competitive enabling policies and institutions—such as regulations encouraging firms to compete and policies supporting the development of skills that technology augments rather than replaces—to ensure that the positive impact of technology adoption on productivity and lower-skilled workers is realized.

Download or read book Population Growth Technological Adoption and Economic Outcomes written by Paul Beaudry and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The object of this paper is to show how population growth, through its interaction with recent technological and organizational developments, can account for many of the cross-country differences in economic outcome observed among industrialized countries over the last 20 years. In particular, our model illustrates how a large decrease in the price of information technology can create a comparative advantage for high population growth economies to jump ahead in the adoption of computer- and skill-intensive models of production as a means to exploiting their relative abundance of human capital versus physical capital. The predictions of the model are that, over the span of the information revolution, industrial countries with higher population growth rates will experience a more pronounced adoption of new technology, a better performance in terms of increased employment rates, a poorer performance in terms of wage growth for less skilled workers, a larger increase in the service sector and a larger increase in the returns to education. We provide preliminary evidence in suport of the theory based on a comparative study of observed developments in the US, UK and Germany since the mid-seventies, complemented by an examination of broad wage and employment changes for 18 OECD countries over the same period

Download or read book Introduction to Modern Economic Growth written by Daron Acemoglu and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2008-12-15 with total page 1009 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Modern Economic Growth is a groundbreaking text from one of today's leading economists. Daron Acemoglu gives graduate students not only the tools to analyze growth and related macroeconomic problems, but also the broad perspective needed to apply those tools to the big-picture questions of growth and divergence. And he introduces the economic and mathematical foundations of modern growth theory and macroeconomics in a rigorous but easy to follow manner. After covering the necessary background on dynamic general equilibrium and dynamic optimization, the book presents the basic workhorse models of growth and takes students to the frontier areas of growth theory, including models of human capital, endogenous technological change, technology transfer, international trade, economic development, and political economy. The book integrates these theories with data and shows how theoretical approaches can lead to better perspectives on the fundamental causes of economic growth and the wealth of nations. Innovative and authoritative, this book is likely to shape how economic growth is taught and learned for years to come. Introduces all the foundations for understanding economic growth and dynamic macroeconomic analysis Focuses on the big-picture questions of economic growth Provides mathematical foundations Presents dynamic general equilibrium Covers models such as basic Solow, neoclassical growth, and overlapping generations, as well as models of endogenous technology and international linkages Addresses frontier research areas such as international linkages, international trade, political economy, and economic development and structural change An accompanying Student Solutions Manual containing the answers to selected exercises is available (978-0-691-14163-3/$24.95). See: http://press.princeton.edu/titles/8970.html. For Professors only: To access a complete solutions manual online, email us at: [email protected]

Download or read book Human Capital Technology Adoption and Development written by Kerem Cosar and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a model of development in which skilled labor is an input in technology adoption. The model combines Nelson and Phelps (1966) type technology dynamics with a growth model in which intermediate goods are used to produce a final good. The intermediate good producers hire skilled labor to increase their productivity by adopting techniques from an exogenously evolving stock of world knowledge. I solve for the stationary equilibrium and derive analytic expressions for steady state income level and wage premium. In a quantitative exercise, I calibrate the model and compare its predictions with data. The model successfully accounts for cross-country income differences and within-country wage premia on skilled labor. These results strengthen the idea that different types of human capital perform separate tasks and should not be aggregated into a single stock of human capital in development accounting exercises. The availability of skilled labor is potentially much more important for development than such aggregative exercises have so far suggested.

Download or read book Catalyzing Development through ICT Adoption written by Harleen Kaur and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-05 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the role that Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) play in growth and economic development promotion, specifically for developing countries. It highlights multiple methodologies for quantifying the impact of ICTs. This includes quantitative and qualitative methods, but also novel, conclusive and informative methodological approaches for measuring ICTs influence on economic development. The book highlights trends, perspectives, and success stories for different developing countries. ICTs bring new business models, innovations, capital-labor substitution, improved goods and services to developing markets. Because they can spread rapidly, with little cost and require minimal skills for usage, ICTs create a solid background for social and economic gains. They enable significant reduction in information asymmetries, which improves access to economic activities for multitude of agents, fostering participation, inter alias in labor market of disadvantaged societal groups. After almost two decades of rapid diffusion of ICT in developing world, this book seeks to assess the real benefits and consequences of ICTs adoption in developing countries. The chapters use broad, real-world based evidence to provide a better understanding of the precise nature of new technologies and their impact of the country`s economy and society.

Download or read book Technology Diffusion Human Capital and Economic Growth in Developing Countries written by Jörg Mayer and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper uses a newly constructed dataset on machinery imports from both developed and developing countries, and employs a cross-country growth-accounting framework to analye the impact of machinery imports, in association with human capital stocks, on economic growth. The findings suggest that machinery imports by developing countries have been higher over the past few years than during the 1970s and 1980s and that such imports from technologically more advanced developing countries have gained considerably in importance. The figures derived from the database support the earlier findings in the literature which suggest that the main roled of human capital in economic growth is to facilitate the adoption of technology from abroad, rather than to act as an independent factor of production.

Download or read book The Linkage Between Human Capital Development and Economic Growth written by Sheereen Banon Fauzel and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-05 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human capital is a necessary condition for economic growth. While in the past, much effort focused on expanding access, we now understand that human capital is much more than educational attainment .Skills acquisition and the capacity to continue learning throughout the lifecycle are needed to develop individuals and to foster the rise in productivity needed for economic growth. The main objective of this study is to analyse the extent to which education level of a county s labour force affects its economic growth that is output level.A Cobb-Douglas production function with constant returns to scale is used where Human capital is treated as an independent factor of production in the human capital augmented growth model.We further employ an error correction model which combines long-run information with a short-run adjustment mechanism in order to remove biased coefficient estimates.The main results shows that higher levels of human capital directly influence productivity via its impact on domestic innovation. Secondly, higher levels of human capital cause improvements in total factor productivity by facilitating the adoption and implementation of foreign technology.

Download or read book Technology and the Economy written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: