Download or read book Teacher Incentives and Student Achievement Evidence from New York City Public Schools written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Performance Incentives written by Matthew G. Springer and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of pay for performance for public school teachers is growing in popularity and use, and it has resurged to once again occupy a central role in education policy. Performance Incentives: Their Growing Impact on American K-12 Education offers the most up-to-date and complete analysis of this promising—yet still controversial—policy innovation. Performance Incentives brings together an interdisciplinary team of experts, providing an unprecedented discussion and analysis of the pay-for-performance debate by • Identifying the potential strengths and weaknesses of tying pay to student outcomes; • Comparing different strategies for measuring teacher accomplishments; • Addressing key conceptual and implemen - tation issues; • Describing what teachers themselves think of merit pay; • Examining recent examples in Arkansas, Florida, North Carolina, and Texas; • Studying the overall impact on student achievement.
Download or read book Individual Teacher Incentives and Student Performance written by David N. Figlio and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper is the first to systematically document the relationship between individual teacher performance incentives and student achievement using United States data. We combine data from the National Education Longitudinal Survey on schools, students, and their families with our own survey conducted in 2000 regarding the use of teacher incentives. This survey on teacher incentives has unique data on frequency and magnitude of merit raises and bonuses, teacher evaluation, and teacher termination. We find that test scores are higher in schools that offer individual financial incentives for good performance. Moreover, the estimated relationship between the presence of merit pay in teacher compensation and student test scores is strongest in schools that may have the least parental oversight. The association between teacher incentives and student performance could be due to better schools adopting teacher incentives or to teacher incentives eliciting more effort from teachers; it is impossible to rule out the former explanation with our cross sectional data.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning written by Norbert M. Seel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-05 with total page 3643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences.
Download or read book Establishing a Framework for Evaluation and Teacher Incentives Considerations for Mexico written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2011-04-12 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the main findings and policy recommendations developed by the OECD Steering Group on Evaluation and Teacher Incentive Policies, consisting of international experts.
Download or read book Individual Teacher Incentives and Student Performance Working Paper 8 written by David N. Figlio and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper is the first to systematically document the relationship between individual teacher performance incentives and student achievement using United States data. We combine data from the National Education Longitudinal Survey on schools, students, and their families with our own survey conducted in 2000 regarding the use of teacher incentives. This survey on teacher incentives has unique data on frequency and magnitude of merit raises and bonuses, teacher evaluation, and teacher termination. We find that test scores are higher in schools that offer individual financial incentives for good performance. Moreover, the estimated relationship between the presence of merit pay in teacher compensation and student test scores is strongest in schools that may have the least parental oversight. The association between teacher incentives and student performance could be due to better schools adopting teacher incentives or to teacher incentives eliciting more effort from teachers; it is impossible to rule out the former explanation with our cross-sectional data. (Contains 6 tables and 3 footnotes.) [This report was supported by the Warrington College of Business Administration.].
Download or read book Evaluating and Rewarding the Quality of Teachers International Practices written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2009-11-06 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book identifies good practices in the design and implementation of evaluation and teacher incentive systems from various perspectives through formulation, stakeholder negotiation, implementation, monitoring and follow-up.
Download or read book Incentives and Test Based Accountability in Education written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-10-18 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years there have been increasing efforts to use accountability systems based on large-scale tests of students as a mechanism for improving student achievement. The federal No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) is a prominent example of such an effort, but it is only the continuation of a steady trend toward greater test-based accountability in education that has been going on for decades. Over time, such accountability systems included ever-stronger incentives to motivate school administrators, teachers, and students to perform better. Incentives and Test-Based Accountability in Education reviews and synthesizes relevant research from economics, psychology, education, and related fields about how incentives work in educational accountability systems. The book helps identify circumstances in which test-based incentives may have a positive or a negative impact on student learning and offers recommendations for how to improve current test-based accountability policies. The most important directions for further research are also highlighted. For the first time, research and theory on incentives from the fields of economics, psychology, and educational measurement have all been pulled together and synthesized. Incentives and Test-Based Accountability in Education will inform people about the motivation of educators and students and inform policy discussions about NCLB and state accountability systems. Education researchers, K-12 school administrators and teachers, as well as graduate students studying education policy and educational measurement will use this book to learn more about the motivation of educators and students. Education policy makers at all levels of government will rely on this book to inform policy discussions about NCLB and state accountability systems.
Download or read book Improving America s Schools written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-11-15 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reform of American education is largely motivated by concerns about our economic competitiveness and American's standard of living. Yet, few if any of the public school reform agendas incorporate economic principles or research findings. Improving America's Schools explores how education and economic research can help produce, in the words of Harvard's Dale W. Jorgenson, "a unified framework for future education reform." This book presents the perspectives of noted experts, including Eric A. Hanushek, author of Making Schools Work, on creating incentives for improved school and student performance; Under Secretary of Education Marshall S. Smith on the Clinton Administration's reform program; and Rebecca Maynard, University of Pennsylvania, on the education of the disadvantaged. This volume explores these areas: The importance of schooling to labor market success. The prospects for combining school-based management with teacher incentives to gain the best of both approaches. The potential of recent innovations in student achievement testing, including new "value-added" indicators. The economic factors involved in maintaining an adequate stock of effective teachers. The volume also explores why, despite similar standards of living, France, the Netherlands, England, Scotland, and the United States produce different levels of education achievement. Improving America's Schools informs the current debate over school reform with a fresh perspective, examples, and data. This readable volume will be of interest to policymakers, researchers, educators, and education administrators as well as economists and employersâ€"it is also readily accessible to concerned parents and the larger community.
Download or read book Issues and Case Studies in Teacher Incentive Plans written by Harry P. Hatry and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A completely revised and updated edition of this highly readable volume on teacher incentives. Examines the status of the monetary and nonmonetary incentive plans in 17 school districts ten years after the Urban Institute's first review of these plans, and presents new findings and recommendations. A new section on career ladder programs as they relate to teacher incentives reflects the increased use of such plans during the past decade. Discusses the major processes and policy issues that school districts need to address in implementing and operating incentive programs and provides recommendations regarding how program effectiveness can be improved. Case studies identify 1) the current status of the incentive plans, 2) the major changes that occurred to the plans over the ten-year period, and 3) the relative impacts of the plans on teacher performance, teacher motivation, and school climate. Intended for local school boards, district administrators, principals, teachers, and other education professionals, the book identifies the major strengths and weaknesses of incentive programs. An excellent resource guide for schools and school districts as they design, develop, and inspire incentive program strategies.
Download or read book Holding Schools Accountable written by Helen Ladd and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Perhaps the most urgent—and complex—task facing American education today is to figure out how to hold schools accountable for improved academic achievement. In this important new work, Helen Ladd and her colleagues describe the options available to policymakers, weigh their respective strengths and pitfalls, and lay out principles for creating schools where learning is the number one objective. This book should be at the top of the reading list for anyone seriously interested in transforming the quality of American schools."—Edward B. Fiske, Former Education Editor, The New York Times A central theme of current efforts to reform elementary and secondary education in the United States is a more explicit focus on the outcomes of the educational system. This volume examines efforts throughout the country to hold schools accountable for the academic performance of their students. Researchers from various disciplines—most notably, economics, educational policy and management, and political science—address a range of questions related to performance- based strategies for reforming education. The authors describe and evaluate programs that recognize and reward the most effective schools, discuss the costs of achieving high performance, summarize what is known about parental choice as an accountability mechanism, and provide new evidence on the relationship between school inputs and educational outcomes. Grounded in the actual experiences of various states and school districts, the book provides a wealth of new information and provocative insights. Contributors argue that programs to hold schools accountable for student performance must be carefully designed to assure that schools are treated fairly; that vouchers, if used, should be directed toward low-income families; that resources do indeed matter—poor school districts may well require additional funding to increase student learning. In addition to the editor, the contributors include Charles T. Clotfelter, David K. Cohen, Richard F. Elmore, Ronald F. Ferguson, Susan H. Fuhrman, Eric A. Hanushek, Caroline Minter Hoxby, Richard J. Murnane, John F. Witte, and John McHenry Yinger.
Download or read book A Straightforward Guide to Teacher Merit Pay written by Gary W. Ritter and published by Corwin Press. This book was released on 2013-05-09 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is your school system considering teacher merit pay? Now is the time to understand the potential benefits and pitfalls of performance-based teacher pay, as well as how today's most successful programs were developed. Drawing on substantial research with school districts, Gary Ritter and Joshua Barnett provide a step-by-step approach to setting up a merit pay system in your school district. Readers will find, An overview of existing merit pay programs and their strengths and weaknesses, A review of the 12 most common myths about merit pay and how school leaders can respond, Six guiding principles for designing a merit pay program, along with how-to's and timelines for every phase, Guidance on creating balanced assessments based on multiple measures of teacher effectiveness, developed in collaboration with teachers, Ensure that-your district's merit pay program supports teachers' professional growth, schoolwide progress, and student achievement. Book jacket.
Download or read book Incentives written by Robert Palaich and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Teaching to the Tails written by Prashant Loyalka and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growing evidence suggests that teachers in developing countries often have weak or misaligned incentives for improving student outcomes. In response, policymakers and researchers have proposed performance pay as a way to improve student outcomes by tying concrete measures like achievement scores to teacher pay. While evidence from randomized experiments generally indicates that performance pay programs are effective at improving student achievement in developing countries, there has been considerable variation in how much these programs affect student achievement. The goals of this study are to: (1) examine the impacts of different teacher performance pay designs on student achievement, both for the average student and for students across the baseline achievement distribution; and (2) examine the mechanisms through which different teacher performance pay designs affect student achievement (for the average student and for students across the baseline achievement distribution). The sample includes a total of 8,892 students and their grade 6 mathematics teachers from 216 schools from 16 nationally-designated "poverty" counties in Yulin Prefecture (Shaanxi Province) and Tianshi Prefecture (Gansu Province) in rural, northwest China. To test the impacts of the different teacher performance pay designs, researchers designed a cluster-randomized controlled trial. In this trial, schools were randomly allocated to 4 different treatment arms: (1) control--no teacher incentive pay; (2) levels incentive--performance pay contract stipulating rewards based on student achievement levels on endline tests; (3) gains incentive--performance pay contract based on student achievement gains from baseline and endline tests; and (4) pay-for-percentile incentive--performance pay contract stipulating rewards based on student growth percentiles. Surveys were used to collect information from the students, teachers, and school administrators. Findings reveal that: (1) Only "pay-for-percentile" incentives had a positive, statistically significant impact on average student achievement; (2) Teacher incentives based on "levels" or "gains" were ineffective; (3) "Gains" incentives led teachers to only focus on certain types of students, which led to negligible learning (on average) across all students; and (4) Pay-for-percentile incentives led to score gains across all students (on average). The results of this study may have important implications for how Teacher Performance Pay Policy can be implemented in China and in other developing countries.
Download or read book When Does Teacher Incentive Pay Raise Student Achievement written by Aaron Sojourner and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teachers vary widely in their ability to produce student achievement gains (Hanushek 1971, Hanushek and Rivkin 2010) but this ability is not predicted by educational degrees or experience beyond the first few years of a teacher's career (Hanushek 2003, Aaronson et al 2007). This has large economic consequences (Chetty et al 2010, Hanushek 2010), which motivates policy and research interest in pay for performance (P4P). Advocates of P4P believe that tying teacher compensation to performance will support increased efforts from incumbent teachers and attract better potential teachers to the profession (Lazear 2003). Many school districts and states are experimenting with P4P plans, which set compensation criteria beyond the conventional ones: experience and education. This report provides new evidence on several issues of theoretical importance related to P4P contracts in education. For instance, it is not clear what the optimal team size for targeting bonuses should be. On one hand, incentives tied to school-level criteria may encourage efficient effort if there are positive externalities from cooperation (Weitzman and Kruse 1990) or variations in incentive strength across teachers (Ahn 2008). On the other hand, free riding may make individual or small team incentives preferable (Kandel and Lazear 1992). Since Q-Comp districts adopted a wide range of P4P contracts, the authors are able to investigate whether incentives offered at lower levels of aggregation (such as the individual teacher or grade) are more or less productive than those offered at higher levels of aggregation (such as the school or district level). There are also important theoretical questions about how to measure teacher quality and performance. Measures based on principal or peer subjective evaluations have received some attention in the literature, especially since principals seem able to identify the best and worst teachers (Jacob and Lefgren 2008). However, high-stakes subjective evaluation processes may be captured and converted into de facto salary augmentations (Neal 2011). Minnesota's Q-comp offers a valuable opportunity to examine if a high-stakes P4P plan based on subjective evaluations affects educational outcomes. The experience in Minnesota adds to the authors' understanding of locally-designed P4P plans. The grantor-grantee relationship between education authorities and districts has advantages because it allows use of local information and experimentation in finding appropriate, feasible designs. The authors' findings suggest that if a granting authority proposes a range of reforms and allows districts to design plans locally, many districts (in cooperation with local teachers' unions) will design plans that base rewards largely on subjective evaluations and this does not seem to benefit student achievement. On the other hand, some districts (in cooperation with their local teachers' unions) will weight rewards to more specific teacher-centered criteria and this appears beneficial for achievement. The fact that, despite large gains in some areas of the program, Minnesota spent $200 million to get a net effect of zero also points out risks associated with too much local control over the plans. Some plans will operate to extract rents from the state more than to improve education. State and federal governments can, however, use the experiences of early adopters, such as Minnesota, to chose more appropriate program guidelines. (Contains 16 tables and 1 figure.).
Download or read book Individual Teacher Incentives Student Achievement and Grade Inflation written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do teacher incentives affect student achievement? We contribute to this question by examining the effects of the recent introduction of teacher performance-related pay and tournaments in Portugalâs public schools. Specifically, we draw on matched student-school panel data covering the population of secondary school national exams over seven years. We then conduct a difference-in-differences analysis based on two complementary control groups: public schools in two autonomous regions that were exposed to lighter versions of the reform than in the rest of the country; and private schools, which are also subject to the same national exams but whose teachers were not affected by the reform. Our results consistently indicate that the increased focus on individual teacher performance caused a significant decline in student achievement, particularly in terms of national exams. The triple- difference results also document a significant increase in grade inflation. [Author abstract]
Download or read book Teacher Pay and Teacher Quality written by Dale Ballou and published by W. E. Upjohn Institute. This book was released on 1997 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book asks whether higher salaries have improved the quality of newly recruited teachers. It reviews data on the characteristics of beginning teachers and shows how important features of the labor market for teachers systematically undermine efforts to improve teacher quality. The text also offers a comparison of personnel policies and staffing patterns in public and private schools, focusing on national trends in teacher recruitment. It discusses ways to measure teacher quality, examines several indicators of quality, such as student achievement and principals' ratings of their staffs, and then uses these findings to assess the evidence on salary growth and teacher recruitment. It looks at what has gone wrong with teacher recruitment and offers an analysis of the operation of the teacher labor market so as to interpret findings. These results are used to review the implications for teacher recruitment of various other reforms of current interest. The text also describes the prospects for reform by examining salary differentiation and rising standards and assesses personnel policies in the private sector to see whether private schools offer a model for reforming public education. This section details teacher quality, working conditions, and compensation policies. The book concludes with a summation of its major points. (Contains an index, approximately 315 references, 12 data tables and 17 figures.) (RJM)
