Download or read book Taxes Volatility and the Cost of Equity Capital written by Derek W. Dalton and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We hypothesize that the 2003 decrease in individual tax rates on dividends and capital gains should have been followed by a decline in the cost of capital and increased volatility, especially for dividend paying firms. We observe a significantly positive increase in the volatility of daily returns which is larger for dividend than non-dividend-paying firms, and is positively associated with dividend yield. We find that the increase in volatility dampened the cost of capital reduction brought about by the tax reduction. We also analyze changes in ERCs as a proxy for changes in firm cost of capital. The heightened investor response to unexpected earnings information is larger for dividend-paying firms overall, but is not positively associated with dividend yield. These results suggest that as dividend yields increase, the initial effect of the tax rate changes on cost of capital is offset by increased return volatility from those same rate changes.

Download or read book Capital Taxation written by Martin S. Feldstein and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1983 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Feldstein shows how systems of taxation influence the rate and nature of capital formation--key to the development of any economy. His identification of important economic and policy questions, adroit use of modeling and new data, and careful attention to dynamics make this book a powerful addition to the literature.

Download or read book Tax Reform and the Cost of Capital written by Dale Weldeau Jorgenson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction -- Taxation of income from capital -- The U.S. tax system -- Effective tax rates -- Summary and conclusion.

Download or read book Taxes and the Cost of Equity Capital written by Uzi Yaari and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Institutional Investors and Income Taxes written by Spencer Conley Usrey and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation investigates the role of institutional investors in capital market tax studies. Specifically, this studies examines how institutional investors influence firms' cost of capital and financing decisions following changes in personal tax rates on debt and equity income. The dissertation is organized into three essays that examine these topics. The first two essays examine tax rate changes in 1997 and 2003 that reduced the personal tax rates on interest, capital gains and dividends. Essay 3 summarizes relevant literature involving institutional investors and capital market tax studies. Essay 1 investigates whether differences between the tax liabilities of the underlying shareholders of institutional investors affect firms' capital structures and decisions to issue debt versus equity following changes in tax rates on investment income received by individuals. The study predicts that firms with high concentrations of tax disadvantaged institutional investors (institutions whose underlying shareholders are taxable) will issue more equity relative to debt than those with high concentrations of tax-advantaged institutional investors (institutions whose underlying shareholders are not taxable). The results find that the financing decisions of firms with high levels of tax-disadvantaged institutional investors are influenced by changes in individual tax rates. Essay 2 investigates whether differences in the tax attributes of the underlying shareholders of institutional investors influences the impact of equity tax rate changes on a firm's cost of equity. The study examines a sample period of two years (eight quarters) around the enactment of the 1997 and 2003 Acts. The study finds that firms with high levels of tax-disadvantaged ownership experienced a decrease in their cost of equity capital following a decrease in the individual tax rate on capital gains. In addition, the interaction of the institutional investor dummy variable and a dummy variable indicating the observation is after the 2003 Act indicates that the cost of equity capital for firms with high levels of tax-disadvantaged ownership decreased following the 2003 Act. The results of Essays 1 and 2 provide evidence that institutional investors are not homogeneous with respect to their influence on firms' cost of capital and financing decisions following changes in individual tax rates.

Download or read book Tax Policy Leverage and Macroeconomic Stability written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-12-10 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risks to macroeconomic stability posed by excessive private leverage are significantly amplified by tax distortions. ‘Debt bias’ (tax provisions favoring finance by debt rather than equity) has increased leverage in both the household and corporate sectors, and is now widely recognized as a significant macroeconomic concern. This paper presents new evidence of the extent of debt bias, including estimates for banks and non-bank financial institutions both before and after the global financial crisis. It presents policy options to alleviate debt bias, and assesses their effectiveness. The paper finds that thin capitalization rules restricting interest deductibility have only partially been able to address debt bias, but that an allowance for corporate equity has generally proved effective. The paper concludes that debt bias should feature prominently in countries’ tax reform plans in the coming years.

Download or read book Tax and the Cost of Equity Capital written by Dan S. Dhaliwal and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the association between taxes and the cost of equity capital in an international setting that allows for exogenous, cross-sectional variation in corporate and investor tax rates. Using a sample of firms from 33 countries over a 21-year period, we find that the cost of equity capital increases in leverage. This effect decreases in the corporate tax rate as well as the personal tax penalty on interest income relative to equity income, though the significance of this latter result is sensitive to model specification. Further, we find that the cost of equity capital increases in tax penalized dividend income and that cross-border equity investments affect the relation between taxes and the cost of equity capital. In sum, we offer further and confirming evidence, in an international setting, that taxes impact the cost of equity capital.

Download or read book Cost of Capital written by Shannon P. Pratt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-10-26 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for Fourth Edition of Cost of Capital Workbook and Technical Supplement "Pratt and Grabowski went the extra mile to supplement their magnum opus by providing this Workbook and Technical Supplement. As a finance professor for many years, I know from experience that students and teachers really value supplements to textbooks. It allows the teacher to help the student to review and apply what was presented in the text, and the PowerPoints are a great service to teachers in course preparation. The website provides various worksheets that show the inner workings of the models. I enthusiastically recommend the Workbook and Technical Supplement to finance professors and teachers and their students. —Daniel L. McConaughy, PhD, ASA, Professor of Finance, California State University, Northridge, Valuation Services, Crowe Horwath LLP "The Workbook and Technical Supplement provides a detailed tutorial on understanding and executing the theoretical concepts explained in the Fourth Edition. This supplement is three books in one. Part One is a step-by-step tutorial on estimating certain key components of the cost of equity capital. Part Two provides a bridge between the theory and some practical applications, such as estimating the cost of capital for real property. Parts Three and Four allow the readers to test their comprehension of the concepts and identify areas for a review. It is almost as good as having Professors Pratt and Grabowski looking over your shoulder to ensure that one is both comprehending and correctly implementing the complex concepts.." —Ashok Abbott, PhD, Associate Professor of Finance, College of Business & Economics, West Virginia University "This text provides the most comprehensive coverage of cost of capital issues that I have seen to date. Messrs. Pratt and Grabowski have created a very accessible and lucid treatment of what most would consider an opaque subject. The Fourth Edition is especially important for its new topics as well as expanded coverage of concepts from earlier editions. Of particular interest is the review of the extreme market conditions during the 2008–2009 crisis and the effect that the unprecedented volatility had on traditional cost of capital models. For years, Pratt and Grabowski's research has informed the business valuation curriculum of the American Society of Appraisers. This book will be added to our reading list, and thousands of students worldwide will benefit from the state?of?the?art content of the Fourth Edition and the companion Workbook and Technical Supplement. Furthermore, Cost of Capital, Fourth Edition should be a mandatory part of every valuation practitioner's library. If you buy this book, you can expect it to become well worn and remain on your desk within arm's length until the publication of the Fifth Edition." —John Barton, ASA, CPA, Chairman, Business Valuation Committee, ASA "Cost of capital is so much more complex than it used to be. With so many additional considerations regarding each variable of the cost of capital formula, this book is a must for anyone that needs to understand or develop a discount rate. Even the most experienced practitioner will benefit from the outstanding work of Pratt and Grabowski. This book has to become part of your library." —Gary R. Trugman, CPA/ABV, MCBA, ASA, MVS, President, Trugman Valuation Associates, Inc.

Download or read book International Corporate Governance written by Kose John and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2011-03-31 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents research on corporate governance from a number of countries across the world, including the United States, Spain, Malaysia, Israel and others. This title examines many important corporate governance mechanisms, such as board characteristics, ownership structure, legal protection of shareholders, and annual general meetings.

Download or read book Investing for Productivity and Prosperity written by and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1994 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Valuation and Volatility written by Dinabandhu Bag and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-20 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides a first-hand account of impact of volatility on valuations. It focuses on valuation of the investment with fair, practical and insightful explanations. Volatility in markets can form the foundation of fair value. A marginal change in volatility has a significant impact on the effective cost of borrowing (capital). Portfolio managers, fund managers and corporates continue to watch as prices plunge due to volatility and can impose future restrictions on their skillful maneuver. The book highlights the approaches, design of tests, comparison and matching or making of models. It delves into techniques for measuring the contours and boundaries of risk and translating the losses to end impact. It explains the post facto and post period nuances to recover from money loss. The book further elaborates combining positions and hedging, to evaluate and choose to conduct tests of effectiveness. It provides guidance on benchmarks of portfolios, tax implications and carrying forward benefits of losses. The text includes examples and business use cases that build on analysis, common tools and highlights the end use of volatility for stakeholders.

Download or read book Debt Bias and Other Distortions written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-12-06 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tax distortions are likely to have encouraged excessive leveraging and other financial market problems evident in the crisis. These effects have been little explored, but are potentially macro-relevant. Taxation can result, for example, in a net subsidy to borrowing of hundreds of basis points, raising debt-equity ratios and vulnerabilities from capital inflows. This paper reviews key channels by which tax distortions can significantly affect financial markets, drawing implications for tax design once the crisis has passed.

Download or read book A Review of Taxes and Corporate Finance written by John R. Graham and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2006 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Review of Taxes and Corporate Finance investigates the consequences of taxation on corporate finance focusing on how taxes affect corporate policies and firm value. A common theme is that tax rules affect corporate incentives and decisions. A second emphasis is on research that describes how taxes affect costs and benefits. A Review of Taxes and Corporate Finance explores the multiple avenues for taxes to affect corporate decisions including capital structure decisions, organizational form and restructurings, payout policy, compensation policy, risk management, and the use of tax shelters. The author provides a theoretical framework, empirical predictions, and empirical evidence for each of these areas. Each section concludes with a discussion of unanswered questions and possible avenues for future research. A Review of Taxes and Corporate Finance is valuable reading for researchers and professionals in corporate finance, corporate governance, public finance and tax policy.

Download or read book Taxing Corporate Income in the 21st Century written by Alan J. Auerbach and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-04-16 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was first published in 2007. Most countries levy taxes on corporations, but the impact - and therefore the wisdom - of such taxes is highly controversial among economists. Does the burden of these taxes fall on wealthy shareowners, or is it passed along to those who work for, or buy the products of, corporations? Can a country with high corporate taxes remain competitive in the global economy? This book features research by leading economists and accountants that sheds light on these and related questions, including how taxes affect corporate dividend policy, stock market value, avoidance, and evasion. The studies promise to inform both future tax policy and regulatory policy, especially in light of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other actions by the Securities and Exchange Commission that are having profound effects on the market for tax planning and auditing in the wake of the well-publicized accounting scandals in Enron and WorldCom.

Download or read book Valuation written by Seth Bernstrom and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-09 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The market approach aims to establish the value of a company based on how similar firms are priced on the stock exchange or through company transactions. Using the market approach, price-related indicators such as price to earnings, sales and book values are utilised. An ever-present problem however, is that different valuation multiples and valuation methodologies tend to provide the analyst with contradictory outputs. The solution to this problem so far has been to claim that the market approach is more art than science, thus providing the analyst with the freedom to alter the multiples at their own discretion to reach a uniform value or range. Valuation: The Market Approach puts an end to this problem, providing the reader with a rational scientific-based understanding and the necessary tools to perform a sound market approach valuation, or if reviewing such valuations, provide the tools to challenge the work of the arts-based senior experts. The book begins with an in-depth review of the basics; which is then applied in a detailed worked example. Step-by-step, the reader’s expertise is built towards a complete understanding and implementation of the market approach, not only on a standalone basis but also in relation to the DCF methodology. The book is aimed at the seasoned professional, but will also be invaluable to students as they apply their academic knowledge to the real world of valuation and M&A. About the author: SETH BERNSTROM is a Director at the Valuations practice of PwC. He has 15 years of experience as a valuation expert with a special focus on private equity, with long-running engagements in Valuation for some of the leading Nordic private equity houses. Additionally, he provides valuation support and valuation-related advisory services to large and medium-sized Nordic and (Nordic-based) global companies. In addition to his regular work at PwC, he also acts as Visiting Lecturer on valuation at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. Furthermore, he often gives lectures and seminars on valuation at other leading Nordic universities, investment banks, companies, and organizations. He holds a Master of Science in Business Administration and Economics from the Stockholm University School of Business.

Download or read book Cost of Capital Website written by Shannon P. Pratt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-04-21 with total page 1344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A one-stop shop for background and current thinking on the development and uses of rates of return on capital Completely revised for this highly anticipated fifth edition, Cost of Capital contains expanded materials on estimating the basic building blocks of the cost of equity capital, the risk-free rate, and equity risk premium. There is also discussion of the volatility created by the financial crisis in 2008, the subsequent recession and uncertain recovery, and how those events have fundamentally changed how we need to interpret the inputs to the models we use to develop these estimates. The book includes new case studies providing comprehensive discussion of cost of capital estimates for valuing a business and damages calculations for small and medium-sized businesses, cross-referenced to the chapters covering the theory and data. Addresses equity risk premium and the risk-free rate, including the impact of Federal Reserve actions Explores how to use Morningstar's Ibbotson and Duff Phelps Risk Premium Report data Discusses the global cost of capital estimation, including a new size study of European countries Cost of Capital, Fifth Edition puts an emphasis on practical application. To that end, this updated edition provides readers with exclusive access to a companion website filled with supplementary materials, allowing you to continue to learn in a hands-on fashion long after closing the book.

Download or read book Inefficient Markets written by Andrei Shleifer and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2000-03-09 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The efficient markets hypothesis has been the central proposition in finance for nearly thirty years. It states that securities prices in financial markets must equal fundamental values, either because all investors are rational or because arbitrage eliminates pricing anomalies. This book describes an alternative approach to the study of financial markets: behavioral finance. This approach starts with an observation that the assumptions of investor rationality and perfect arbitrage are overwhelmingly contradicted by both psychological and institutional evidence. In actual financial markets, less than fully rational investors trade against arbitrageurs whose resources are limited by risk aversion, short horizons, and agency problems. The book presents and empirically evaluates models of such inefficient markets. Behavioral finance models both explain the available financial data better than does the efficient markets hypothesis and generate new empirical predictions. These models can account for such anomalies as the superior performance of value stocks, the closed end fund puzzle, the high returns on stocks included in market indices, the persistence of stock price bubbles, and even the collapse of several well-known hedge funds in 1998. By summarizing and expanding the research in behavioral finance, the book builds a new theoretical and empirical foundation for the economic analysis of real-world markets.