Download or read book Tax Treaty Abuse and the Principal Purpose Test Part II written by David G. Duff and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting or Multilateral Instrument (MLI) has been described as “an historical turning point in the area of international taxation” which introduces a third layer of tax rules for the taxation of cross-border transactions in addition to domestic tax law and bilateral tax treaties. Of the many provisions of the MLI, the most important are the preamble text in Article 6(1) and the so-called principal purpose test (PPT) in Article 7(1), both of which have been adopted by all signatories to the MLI in order to satisfy the OECD's minimum standard on tax treaty abuse under BEPS Action 6. This two-part article considers the structure and potential application of the PPT in the context of pre-BEPS responses to perceived tax treaty abuses, the OECD's work on BEPS Action 6, and other provisions of the MLI including the preamble text in Article 6(1). The first part, in the previous issue of the Journal, reviewed pre-BEPS responses to perceived tax treaty abuses, providing necessary background and context for understanding BEPS Action 6, the MLI and the PPT. The second part, in this issue of the Journal, examines the PPT in light of this background and in the context of BEPS Action 6 and other provisions of the MLI, considering its relationship to other anti-avoidance doctrines, principles and rules, the various elements that comprise its basic structure, the kinds of transactions or arrangements to which it may be expected to apply, and the consequences of its application.
Download or read book Tax Treaty Abuse and the Pricipal Purpose Test Part 2 written by D.G. Duff and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Multilateral Convention To Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures To Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting came into force on 1 July 2018, and has been signed by more than 80 jurisdictions, including Canada. This multilateral instrument (MLI) has been described as "an historical turning point in the area of international taxation"; it introduces a third layer of rules for the taxation of cross-border transactions, in addition to domestic tax law and bilateral tax treaties. Of the many provisions of the MLI, the most important are the preamble text in article 6(1) and the general anti-avoidance provision - the so-called principal purpose test (PPT) - in article 7(1). Both of these provisions have been adopted by all signatories to the MLI in order to satisfy the OECD's minimum standard on tax treaty abuse under BEPS action 6. This two-part article considers the structure and potential application of the PPT in the context of pre-BEPS responses to perceived tax treaty abuses, the OECD's work on BEPS action 6, and other provisions of the MLI, including the preamble text in article 6(1). The first part of the article reviewed pre-BEPS responses to perceived tax treaty abuses, providing necessary background and context for understanding BEPS action 6, the MLI, and the PPT. This second part examines the PPT in light of this background and in the context of BEPS action 6 and other provisions of the MLI, considering the relationship of the PPT to other anti-avoidance doctrines, principles, and rules; the various elements that constitute its basic structure; the kinds of transactions or arrangements to which it may be expected to apply; and the consequences of its application.
Download or read book Tax Treaty Abuse and the Pricipal Purpose Test Part 1 written by D.G. Duff and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Multilateral Convention To Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures To Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (MLI) came into force on 1 July 2018, and has been signed by more than 80 jurisdictions, including Canada. This MLI has been described as "a historical turning point in the area of international taxation"; it introduces a third layer of rules for the taxation of cross-border transactions, in addition to domestic tax law and bilateral tax treaties. Of the many provisions of the MLI, the most important are the preamble text in article 6(1) and the general anti-avoidance provision - the so-called principal purpose test (PPT) - in article 7(1). Both of these provisions have been adopted by all signatories to the MLI in order to satisfy the OECD's minimum standard on tax treaty abuse under BEPS Action 6. This two-part article considers the structure and potential application of the PPT in the context of pre-BEPS responses to perceived tax treaty abuses, the OECD's work on BEPS Action 6, and other provisions of the MLI, including the preamble text in article 6(1). This first part of the article reviews pre-BEPS responses to perceived tax treaty abuses, providing necessary background and context for understanding BEPS Action 6, the MLI, and the PPT. The second part examines the PPT in light of this background and in the context of BEPS Action 6 and other provisions of the MLI, considering the structure of this provision and the kinds of transactions or arrangements to which it might apply.
Download or read book MLI Made Easy written by Kuldeep Sharma and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (MLI) provides an innovative approach to enable countries to swiftly modify their bilateral tax treaties in order to implement measures developed in the course of the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) Project. MLI, the first successfully concluded multilateral tax treaty, provides jurisdictions with the tools they need to ensure that profits are taxed where economic activities generating the profits are performed, while at the same time giving businesses greater certainty. MLI Made Easy makes it easier to get a complete grasp of this swift but complex modification process of tax treaties. This first and only self-contained book offers an unmatched article-by-article discussion of the MLI with an abundance of practical examples, diagrams, and flowcharts to make the information easier to understand and apply. Focusing on measures to combat tax evasion and abuse of tax treaties arising due to artificial avoidance of a permanent establishment status, hybrid mismatch arrangements, and other aspects of taxation, the book includes an in-depth discussion of the following and more: how specific gaps in existing bilateral tax treaties are addressed by the MLI; positions taken by selected jurisdictions and their impact on treaties; compatibility clauses, notification clauses, opting-in mechanisms, alternative provisions, and reservations; experiences in the course of implementation of the MLI; misconceptions and lingering doubts in respect of various substantive and procedural provisions of the MLI; interaction between the principal purpose test and simplified limitation on benefits; improving dispute resolution; and meaning of the phrases ‘on or after’, ‘other taxes’, and interpretational issues in entry into effect provisions. Adopted by a majority of jurisdictions worldwide, MLI preserves the tax sovereignty of its Parties and has been successful in overcoming barriers to the conclusion of a worldwide multilateral tax treaty. Because this easy-to-use book immensely facilitates understanding and application of the treaty measures developed in the course of the BEPS Project, it will be of immeasurable use to practitioners and other professionals engaging in international taxation, as well as to taxation authorities and interested academics in any part of the world.
Download or read book OECD G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project BEPS Project Explanatory Statement 2015 Final Reports written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-26 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing base erosion and profit shifting is a key priority of governments around the globe. This Explanatory Statement offers an overview of the BEPS Project and outcomes.
Download or read book The Principal Purpose Test PPT in BEPS Action 6 and the MLI Exploring Challenges Arising from Its Legal Implementation and Practical Application written by B. Kuźniacki and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study contains a comprehensive, in-depth analysis of the principal purpose test (PPT) designed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) as part of the BEPS Action 6 Final Report, "Preventing the Granting of Treaty Benefits in Inappropriate Circumstances". Unsurprisingly, the PPT was adopted by all signatories to the Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (MLI), setting out a minimum standard in accordance with the Action 6 Final Report. Once the MLI is ratified by the legislatures of signatories, it will apply to more than 2,000 treaties. From this perspective, not only does the PPT constitute the most important anti-treaty abuse rule under the MLI, but it also secures a 100% match between the tax treaties of the signatories. All the same, one may ask whether the PPT will prevent treaty abuse with a sufficient degree of precision and without giving too much discretion to tax authorities. If this is not the case, the principles of legal certainty and legality of taxation may be jeopardized, and the June 2017 victory of the executives may turn into a failure at the level of legislatures and/or jurisprudence in the near future. This article represents an attempt to map this unexplored terrain by undertaking a comprehensive analysis of the PPT in Action 6 and in the MLI with a view to examining the potential challenges arising from its legal implementation and application in respect of the PPT. Where appropriate throughout the article, alternative solutions will be proposed.
Download or read book Tax Treaty Entitlement written by Michael Lang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Schwarz on Tax Treaties written by Jonathan Schwarz and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2021-09-28 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Schwarz on Tax Treaties is the definitive analysis of tax treaties from United Kingdom and Irish perspectives and provides in-depth expert analysis of the interpretation and interaction of those treaty networks with the European Union and international law. The sixth edition significantly develops the earlier work with enhanced commentary and is updated to include the latest UK, Irish domestic and treaty developments, international and EU law, including: Covered Tax Agreements modified by the BEPS Multilateral Instrument; judicial decisions of Ireland, the UK and foreign courts on UK and Irish treaties; Digital Services Tax; treaty binding compulsory arbitration; Brexit and the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement; taxpayer rights in exchange of information; taxpayer rights in EU cross-border collection of taxes; attribution of profits to permanent establishments; and EU DAC 6 Disclosure of cross-border planning. Case law developments including: UK Supreme Court in Fowler v HMRC; Indian Supreme Court in Engineering Analysis Centre of Excellence Private Limited and Others v CIT; Australian Full Federal Court in Addy v CoT; French Supreme Administrative Court in Valueclick; English Court of Appeal in Irish Bank Resolution Corporation v HMRC; JJ Management and others v HMRC; United States Tax Court in Adams Challenge v CIR; UK Tax Tribunals in Royal Bank of Canada v HMRC; Lloyd-Webber v HMRC; Esso Exploration and Production v HMRC; Glencore v HMRC; McCabe v HMRC; Padfield v HMRC; Davies v HMRC; Uddin v HMRC; English High Court in Minera Las Bambas v Glencore; Kotton v First Tier Tribunal; and CJEU in N Luxembourg I, and others (the ‘Danish beneficial ownership cases’); État belge v Pantochim; College Pension Plan of British Columbia v Finanzamt München; HB v Istituto Nazionale della Previdenza Sociale. About the Author Jonathan Schwarz BA, LLB (Witwatersrand), LLM (UC Berkeley), FTII is an English Barrister at Temple Tax Chambers in London and is also a South African Advocate and a Canadian and Irish Barrister. His practice focuses on international tax disputes as counsel and as an expert and advises on solving cross-border tax problems. He is a Visiting Professor at the Faculty of Law, King’s College London University. He has been listed as a leading tax Barrister in both the Legal 500, for international corporate tax, and Chambers’ Guide to the Legal Profession, for international transactions and particular expertise in transfer pricing. He has been lauded in Who’s Who Legal, UK Bar for his ‘brilliant’ handling of cross-border tax problems. In Chambers Guide, he is identified as ‘the double tax guru’ with ‘extraordinary depth of knowledge and experience when it comes to tax treaty issues and is a creative thinker and a clear and meticulous writer’.
Download or read book Anti Abuse Rules and Tax Treaties written by Georg Kofler et al. and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2024-06-24 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the struggle to combat tax abuse and tax avoidance gains momentum, ways of making a tax jurisdiction ‘manipulation-proof’ continue to proliferate, from new or revised provisions in model tax treaties to a dramatic increase in the number and variety of anti-abuse and anti-avoidance rules at all levels of government. These measures interact with national tax systems, general anti-abuse clauses and tax treaties. The conflicts and other legal difficulties that inevitably result deserve intensive scrutiny. This book provides an in-depth analysis of current issues concerning the relations of various anti-abuse rules to each other and their impact on the application of tax treaties. The topics include the following: domestic general anti-avoidance rules (GAARs); domestic specific anti-avoidance rules (SAARs) (including controlled foreign company rules); minimum holding periods; indirect transfers of immovable property, shares, and rights; limitation on benefits; residence criteria in tax treaties; tax treatment of sportspersons and entertainers; the principal purpose test of Article 29 (9) OECD Model (2017); and influence of European Union Law on tax treaty abuse. The chapters are revised and expanded versions of papers presented at the 30th Viennese Symposium on International Tax Law held on 12 June 2023 at Vienna University of Economics and Business. Each author offers an in-depth analysis of a particular topic, drawing on the most recent scientific research. This is the only book available to offer such a wide-ranging, detailed, and practical analysis of how the full range of anti-abuse rules interacts with tax treaties. It will prove of immeasurable value to practitioners and law firms active in tax planning, tax consultants, academics and researchers in international tax law and counsel for companies involved in international business.
Download or read book Preventing Treaty Abuse written by Daniel Blum and published by Linde Verlag GmbH. This book was released on 2016-09-19 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of notion, roots und measures of treaty abuse The OECD initiative on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting has put the issue of treaty abuse and the means to counter it on top of the global political agenda. Preventing treaty abuse is therefore currently one of the most debated topics in international tax law. Diverging national legal traditions in combatting abuse both under domestic and tax treaty law have led to a globally diversified legal framework in this respect and make the OECD’s agenda to harmonize these attempts even more challenging. The aim of this book is to analyze the notion of treaty abuse, its historical roots and the measures to counter it. The book’s topics cover a wide range of both policy and legal issues. The contributions’ main focus lies onanalyzing the proposals put forward by the OECD in BEPS action items 6 and 7. In addition, this book analyzes the lessons which can be learnt from the US tax treaty policy and elaborates on the effects the intensified fight against treaty abuse will have from a Non-OECD member state perspective. Also EU law is taken into account and the question raised which impact the fundamental freedoms might have on the development of new anti-avoidance rules. Finally the relation between domestic and treaty based anti-avoidance is analyzed in great detail, identifying the methodical problems of ensuring a sound and abuse safe legal framework. With this book, the authors and editors hope to contribute to the discussion on selected issues of preventing treaty abuse and the challenges they present to policy makers, judges, tax administrations and tax advisers.
Download or read book Tax Treaties and Abuse the Effectiveness of the Principal Purpose Test and Some of Its Shortcomings written by H.T.P.M. van den Hurk and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this article, the author sets out his views on the abuse of tax treaties and the effectiveness of the provisions contained in article 29(9) of the OECD Model regarding the principal purpose test (PPT), together with a consideration of some of the drawbacks of the PPT.
Download or read book International Tax Policy and Double Tax Treaties written by Kevin Holmes and published by IBFD. This book was released on 2007 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains the concepts that underlie international tax law and double tax treaties and provides an insight into how international tax policy, law and practice operate to ultimately impose tax on international business and investment.
Download or read book Addressing Base Erosion and Profit Shifting written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2013-02-12 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents studies and data available regarding the existence and magnitude of base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS), and contains an overview of global developments that have an impact on corporate tax matters.
Download or read book Double Taxation and the League of Nations written by Sunita Jogarajan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-10 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern-day tax treaties have their foundations in one of the three Model Tax Treaties developed by the League of Nations in 1928. Using previously unexplored archival material, Sunita Jogarajan provides the first in-depth examination of the development of the League's Models. This new research provides insights into questions such as the importance of double taxation versus tax evasion; the preference for source-taxation versus residence-taxation; the influence of theory and practice on the League's work; the development of bilateral rather than multilateral treaties; the influence of developing countries on the League's work; the role of Commentary in interpreting model tax treaties; and the influential factors and key individuals involved. A better understanding of the development of the original models will inform and help guide interpretation and reform of modern-day tax treaties. Additionally, this book will be of interest to scholars of international relations and the development of law at international organisations.
Download or read book Introduction to the Law of Double Taxation Conventions written by Michael Lang and published by Linde Verlag GmbH. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Law of Double Taxation Conventions Cross-border activities or transactions may trigger tax liability in two or more jurisdictions. In order to mitigate the financial burden resulting from these situations, States have entered into numerous double taxation conventions, which provide for rules that allocate the taxing rights between the contracting states. This handbook aims at providing an introduction to the law of double taxation conventions. It is designed for students – irrespective of their national background, but the author believes that it will also be of great help for tax experts who wish to know more about double taxation conventions, as well as for international law experts who wish to understand more about tax law. The handbook does not consider one jurisdiction in particular but rather takes examples from a wide range of different countries and their jurisdictions. It includes an overview of the problem of double taxation, the state practice in the conclusion of double tax conventions and their effects, the interpretation of double taxation conventions and treaty abuse. Furthermore, this updated handbook takes new developments into account occurred since the last edition of the book from 2013, in particular also the changes through OECD’s BEPS project and the Multilateral Instrument. It deals with the latest versions of the OECD Model Tax Conventions on Income and on Capital and the UN Model Double Taxation Convention between Developed and Developing Countries, both published in 2017, as well as the latest version of the OECD Model Double Taxation Convention on Estates and Inheritances and on Gifts.
Download or read book The OECD Multilateral Instrument for Tax Treaties written by Michael Lang and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2016-04-24 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Multilateral Instrument (MLI) proposed in OECD BEPS Action 15 will lead to the modification of numerous tax treaties. As tax treaties can have different wording, terminology and structure, a great challenge is to find a proper way to accomplish their modification without distorting the underlying framework or triggering undesirable effects. This book analyses the MLI, which was signed by over seventy jurisdictions on 7 June 2017. The topics covered include: • the procedural mechanisms on how the new measures to prevent base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) will interact with and complement existing tax treaties; • the scope of the MLI in order to ascertain which tax treaties and taxes are covered; • the interpretation of terms used in the MLI and the relationship between the languages used in the MLI and in the particular tax treaties; • the implementation of the minimum standard through the MLI, as well as how states can exercise various options offered by the MLI and reserve the right not to apply certain provisions of the MLI; • the legal consequences of the exercise of options and reservations for the other states; • the notification procedure through which states declare their choices; and • the possibilities and procedure for withdrawal from the obligations entered into upon signing the MLI. Finally, the book discusses whether the mechanism of the MLI can serve as a role model for future changes to the OECD Model Convention. The book incorporates the analyses of leading scholars and practitioners dealing with international tax matters. Critical insights are offered for academics, practitioners, tax officials and judges who deal with or are interested in the field of international taxation.
Download or read book Does Principal Purpose Test Achieve the Result of Preventing Inappropriate Use of Treaty when it is Applied to Existing Case Law written by J. Sanctis and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The line between tax avoidance and tax evasion is indistinct. The classification of a transaction makes the difference between full taxation and reduced/ non-taxation. How this matches a treaty and how this is interpreted by tax authorities and courts makes it problematic. The issue of treaty abuse has its roots from the start of tax and the OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) Action Plans tries to close this gap. A proposed solution is the principal purpose test (PPT). This thesis examines whether the PPT is a solution. It looks at the players - countries/states and improper users of treaties. It explains the PPT and analyses the effect of the PPT with reference to case law.
