Download or read book Tax Expenditures shedding Light on Government Spending Through the Tax System written by Hana Polackova Brixi and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tax Expenditures Shedding Light on Government Spending Through the Tax System written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses conceptual and methodological issues relating to tax expenditures, provides a framework for evaluating them, offers case studies on government treatment of tax expenditures from developed and transition economies, and outlines generally applicable policy options. Provides case studies of the treatment of tax expenditures in Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, the Netherlands, Poland, and the United States. Each chapter presents how the nation defines tax expenditures and the corresponding benchmark tax system.
Download or read book Government Performance and Accountability written by United States. Government Accountability Office and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tax Expenditures in OECD Countries written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2010-01-05 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sheds light on the use of tax expenditures, mainly through a study of ten OECD countries: Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Korea, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. It highlights key trends and successful practices.
Download or read book Government Performance and Accountability written by David M. Walker and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2006-02 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous fed. programs, policies, & activities are supported through the tax code. As described in statute, tax expenditures are reductions in tax liabilities that result from preferential provisions, such as tax exclusions, credits, & deductions. They result in revenue forgone. This report is part of an effort to assist Congress in reexamining & transforming the gov't. to meet the many challenges & opportunities that we face in the 21st century. This report describes: (1) how tax expenditures have changed over the past 3 decades in number, size, & in comparison to fed. revenue, spending, & the economy, & (2) the amount of progress made since 1994 recommend. to improve scrutiny of tax expend. Includes recommend. Charts & tables.
Download or read book Tax Expenditure Budget and Related Policies written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Budget. Task Force on Tax Policy and Tax Expenditures and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tax Expenditures written by Stanley S. Surrey and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this new book, the authors analyze the development of the concept since 1973, a period in which applications of tax expenditures have expanded rapidly and new dimensions have emerged for even wider usage.
Download or read book Tax Policy written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tax Expenditure Management written by Mark Burton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-02-14 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A tax expenditure is a 'tax break' allowed to a taxpayer or group of taxpayers, for example, by way of concession, deduction, deferral or exemption. The tax expenditure concept, as it was first identified, was designed to demonstrate the similarity between direct government spending on the one hand and spending through the tax system on the other. The identification of benefits provided through the tax system as tax expenditures allows analysts to consider the fiscal significance of those parts of the tax system which do not contribute to the primary purpose of raising revenue. Although a seemingly simple concept, it has generated a range of complex definitional and practical issues, and this book identifies and critically assesses the controversial aspects of tax expenditure and tax expenditure management.
Download or read book Tax Policy written by DIANE Publishing Company and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1995-04 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the size of increases in tax expenditures; examines whether tax expenditures need increased scrutiny; and identifies options that could be used to increase the scrutiny of &/or control the growth of tax expenditures, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each. 8 charts and tables
Download or read book Tax Expenditures written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transfer Spending Taxes and the American Welfare State written by Wallace C. Peterson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1989 the federal government spent $1197 billion, a mind-boggling sum that is almost impossible to visualize. Since there were 248. 8 million people living in the United States in that year, the government spent an average of $4811 for every man, woman, and child in the nation. For a hypothetical family of four, federal spending in 1989 amounted to an average of$19,244. To put this sum in perspective, the money income of an American family averaged $35,270 in the same year. To finance spending $1197 billion, the government collected taxes from American citizens and residents in an amount of $1047 billion. Because of a shortfall between what it spent and what it took in taxes, the government had to borrow $150 billion, partly from individuals, but mostly from banks, insurance companies, and foreigners. How, where, and on whom did the federal government spend all this money? Since federal spending in 1989 totaled 23 cents in comparison to every dollar spent for the buying of goods and services, finding an answer to this question is not a trivial matter. Spending by Washington reaches into every nook and cranny of the economy, touching the lives and fortunes of almost everyone in the nation. Thus, answers to these questions are of more than academic interest.
Download or read book Estimates of Federal Tax Expenditures Committee on Ways and Means written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Managing the Effects of Tax Expenditures on National Budgets written by Zhicheng Li Swift and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tax expenditures, in the form of tax provisions, are government expenditures. They are conceptually and functionally distinct from those tax provisions whose purpose is to raise revenue. Tax expenditure programs are comparable to entitlement programs. Therefore, tax expenditures must be analyzed in spending terms and integrated into the budgetary process to ensure fiscal accountability. In addition, tax expenditures must be audited for performance and the information must be published (with comprehensive analysis) to ensure fiscal transparency. The author analyzes the concept and definition, size, and effects of tax expenditures, as well as the fiscal accountability and transparency of tax expenditure spending. In short, tax expenditures affect (1) the budget balance, (2) budget prioritization in allocation, (3) the effectiveness and efficiency of fiscal resources, and (4) the scope for abuse by taxpayers, government officials and legislators. While reviewing the current practices in tax expenditures against the requirements of fiscal accountability and transparency, she finds that this fiscal area must be strengthened. The author sketches four building blocks to strengthen tax expenditures toward fiscal accountability and transparency, based on the literature developed by Surry and McDaniel, the practices from industrial and developing countries, the Campos and Pradhan fiscal accountability model, and the International Monetary Fund's fiscal transparency code. The author argues that normative/benchmark tax structure, a revenue-raising component of the tax system, should be formalized. The normative/benchmark tax structure should be legally defined in the tax law and should be transparent. The tax receipts from this normative/benchmark tax structure should be quantified and published. Presently, many countries could publish imputed tax revenue from normative/benchmark tax structures because such data is available. Only if imputed tax revenue is published in the same way as the other budget components-tax revenue received, tax expenditures, direct expenditures, and fiscal balance-will a budget system be truly transparent in terms of revenue-raising activities and expenditure activities. In addition, when the tax revenue-raising activity is formalized, the inherent spending nature of tax expenditures is further exposed. Therefore, tax expenditures should be added to direct expenditures forming total government expenditures. Furthermore, the conventional conc...
Download or read book Bad Breaks All Around written by Eric J. Toder and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a time of both budget surpluses and hostility toward government spending, tax breaks are politically appealing. But most tax breaks fail tests of transparency, accountability, and progressivity. This report, prepared by The Century Foundation Working Group on Tax Expenditures, offers broad policy recommendations as well as numerous examples of unjustifiable tax breaks. The report also includes three background papers: "Evaluating Tax Incentives as a Tool for Social and Economic Policy" by Eric Toder, Working Group executive director "Tax Expenditures in the Federal Budget" by Michael Ettlinger, Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy "Tax Breaks and Behavior: A Review of Evidence" by Bernard Wasow, The Century Foundation.
Download or read book Tax Expenditures written by United States. Congressional Budget Office and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tax Expenditure Reporting and Its Use in Fiscal Management written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-03-27 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This note aims to inform governments on how to account for tax expenditures and use that information in fiscal management. The emphasis is on developing and emerging market economies, where the use of such accounts is in its infancy because of data constraints, insufficient human and financial resources, and weak fiscal institutions. Most developing economies, more-over, do not have tax policy units in their Ministry of Finance to provide analytical support to the govern¬ment and legislature that integrates all revenue policy aspects. As a result, the tax policy framework can be fragmented: line ministries compete in the provision of sectoral tax incentives, but do not report on their cost. The note is organized as follows. The second section outlines the role that tax expenditure measurement and reporting can play in fiscal management. The third section provides a step-by-step approach on how tax expenditure accounts can be built, with emphasis on data, methods and models, and institutional requirements. The section is concerned primarily with the direct cost of tax expenditures—that is, the revenue forgone because of them. It does not deal with their indirect costs, which could include economic efficiency losses and additional tax administration resources, and it does not address assessment of the benefits of tax expenditures. The fourth summarizes the current sta¬tus of tax expenditure reporting in developing econo¬mies, with some reference to advanced economies. The last section concludes.
