Download or read book Takeovers and Publicly and Privately Held Targets written by Chou-I. Tsai and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Takeovers of Privately held Targets written by Thanh Ngo and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Takeovers of privately-held targets have outnumbered takeovers of publicly-traded targets over the years. This dissertation focuses on takeover activities of privately-held targets and examines several important issues which have never been touched on in the literature. The first essay examines the factors that determine the choice between a privately-held target and a publicly-traded target. After the size of the target and the prevalence of private firms in each industry in each year are controlled for, I find that the stock bidder tends to target a privately-held firm and the cash bidder tends to target a publicly-traded firm when pursuing a high-tech target. When acquiring a firm in the same industry and being inexperienced in takeover activities, the bidder is more likely to target a publicly-traded firm as opposed to a privately-held firm. The passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) also has an affect on the choice of a privately-held target or a publicly-traded target; everything else being equal, the cash bidder is more likely choose to acquire a private firm while the stock bidder is less likely to choose a private firm upon the introduction of SOX. The second essay examines the factors that influence the choice of stock versus cash payment in takeovers of privately-held targets. Stock is found to be more frequently used among takeovers in which the bidding firm has more debt and less free cash flow prior to the deal, the target is a high-tech firm, and the target management is retained in the combined entity. In addition, since the adoption of SOX, cash has been used more frequently and to greater extent among the sample of takeovers of privately-held targets. The third essay examines the effects of restrictions on resale of stock issued in takeovers on the bidder's wealth effect and long-run stock price performance. I find that restrictions on resale of stock are more popular among takeovers of privately-held targets as compared to takeovers of publicly-traded targets. Restrictions on resale are found to be positively related to the bidder's announcement abnormal return and negatively related to the bidder's long-run stock price performance.
Download or read book The Take Over Market for Privately Held Companies written by James S. Ang and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume of acquisitions involving privately held firms has far surpassed that of publicly traded firms in recent years; yet this segment of the take-over market remains largely unexplored. In analysing the unique features of private target take-overs, we compare the mergers and acquisitions markets for unquoted and quoted firms on several dimensions including methods of payment, offer premiums and bidder wealth effects. Our results show that these mergers provide positive shareholder wealth benefits for bidders and relatively high premiums for privately held targets. Also, the market's reaction depends on whether it perceives the price paid for the target as too high or too low, a rational response given the sentiment at the time of the announcement.
Download or read book A critical assessment of the role of directors in relation to takeovers of public companies written by Thomas Böhm and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2019-06-24 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2019 in the subject Law - Civil / Private, Trade, Anti Trust Law, Business Law, grade: A, University of Edinburgh (Edinburgh Law School), course: Company Law, language: English, abstract: Target directors have an ambiguous role in corporate takeovers. On the one hand, once a bid is imminent, they are significantly involved spending most of their time in responding to the bid and advising the shareholders whose interests the directors must primarily represent. On the other hand, they face various potential conflicts of interests as takeovers can have significant personal and professional implications on them. This essay critically assesses the role of directors in relation to takeovers of public companies. Their corporate powers are constrained by a range of rules in the Takeover Code . However, takeover regulation leaves significant room for board discretion which is therefore subject to common law and general company law. As we will see, the target directors only have an advisory role vis-à-vis the shareholders, with the latter taking the ultimate decision on acceptance of the takeover bid. The essay is structured as follows. Section 2 starts by introducing the context of takeovers of public companies followed by a brief summary of common motives for takeovers in section 3. Special emphasis is placed on the effects of the theory of the market for control on directors which at various points had an influence on the takeover regulation. Section 4 then deals with the allocation of the acceptance-decision on a takeover bid to the shareholders. In order not to interfere with this right by taking defensive measures which could frustrate a takeover bid, the Takeover Code has imposed a strict ‘no frustration rule’ on target directors. This is covered by section 5. Reference will also be made to the respective directors’ (fiduciary) duties under common law and company law. Subsequently, section 6 critically discusses the advisory role of the target directors when recommending a takeover offer to the shareholders, the various conflicts of interest to which they are exposed and how the takeover regulations attempt to solve them. Although the takeover regime mainly focuses on the role of target directors, section 7 outlines some of the constraints which the directors of the bidder are subject to when launching a takeover bid. Section 8 concludes.
Download or read book Public Policy Toward Corporate Takeovers written by Murray L. Weidenbaum and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines critical issues in the debate over the effects' of the current wave of corporate takeovers. Media accounts are often sensational, but proposed public policy remedies need to be evaluated on the basis of more than simple rhetoric. The studies contained in this collection provide solid economic grounding for the debate. Public Policy Toward Corporate Takeovers is the result of extensive research sponsored by the Center for the Study of American Business and directed by Murray Weidenbaum; it examines key aspects of takeovers: the evolving regulatory role of the Antitrust Division, state versus federal authority over offensive and defensive takeover maneuvers, whether leveraged buyouts improve the firm's economic performance, and the validity of assertions about "entrenched" managements. The book also includes the views of the most publicized corporate raider, T. Boone Pickens. Balancing Pickens' highly favorable view of the value of hostile takeovers as a disciplining factor for subpar management performance is a chapter by David Ravenscraft of the Federal Trade Commission, who takes a long-term viewpoint and argues that the popular belief that takeovers create substantial efficiencies has not been borne out by the record. The overall findings do not fully support either side of the takeover controversy. The book presents both legal and economic perspectives, and suggests strategies for government policymakers as well as leaders of private enterprise.
Download or read book Mergers Acquisitions and Corporate Restructurings written by Patrick A. Gaughan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-12-10 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern restructuring techniques for a global business landscape Corporate restructurings are an indispensable tool in building a new generation of re-engineered companies with the power and resources to compete on a global playing field. Written from a practical and historical perspective, Mergers, Acquisitions, and Corporate Restructurings, Fourth Edition carefully analyzes the strategies and motives that inspire M&As, the laws and rules that govern the field, as well as the offensive and defensive techniques of hostile acquisitions. In this thoroughly revised Fourth Edition, author and business valuation expert Patrick Gaughan provides a fresh perspective on M&As in today's global business landscape, and how your company can reap the benefits from the various forms of restructurings available. Packed with the most up-to-date research, graphs, and case studies, Mergers, Acquisitions, and Corporate Restructurings, Fourth Edition explores: * Recent takeover trends including the role of private equity firms and hedge funds * Most effective offensive and defensive tactics in hostile bids * A review of the effect of shareholder wealth on a variety of takeover actions * Modern, historical, and global perspectives on the field * The various forms of downsizing including divestitures, spinoffs, and equity carve-outs * Bankruptcy as an effective restructuring technique * Latest developments in corporate governance * Pros and cons of joint ventures and strategic alliances * Primary methods used to value public and private companies
Download or read book Corporate Takeover Targets written by Hicham Meghouar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-31 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term "takeover", of which the first form is mergers and acquisitions (M&A), refers to the transfer of control of a business from one group of shareholders to another. Considering the importance of this issue and the real drives behind takeovers, it has become imperative to identifying companies that are vulnerable to takeover by two types: tender offer and exchange offer. This book thus presents the legal aspects, the theoretical justifications and the empirical contributions of takeovers, and analyzes the economic and financial characteristics of targets in order to assess the probability of being acquired. An empirical approach based on two quantitative studies is then applied to the European market, which is still virgin territory in terms of academic research. Finally, acquisition probability models have been developed and they have a 72% forecast accuracy average rate of targets. Corporate Takeover Targets is aimed at students and researchers in economic and management, as well as M&A consultants.
Download or read book The Takeover Dialogues written by Edmund J. Kelly and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2001-01-28 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A longtime critic of hostile cash takeovers of large corporations, Edmund Kelly believed that if the organized insincerity of advisors and corporate control entrepreneurs in the tight knit takeover community was told, this alone would contribute to a decline in the acceptance of the hostile bid as an acquisition method. Copies of The Takeover Dialogues were purchased primarily in 1988 by investment and commercial banking and corporate law firms, executives and business libraries. Prominent uninvited cash takeover bids averaged 17 a year for the period 1985 - 1988. There were 6 in 1989 and 2 in 1990. For the years 1991 -1999 they averaged 1.2 a year. In these carefully reasoned dialogues, Edmund Kelly also examines the impact of corporate raids on the business community and society. Kelly believes the ideal corporation translates capital and human energy into a community service institution that is ultimately greater than the sum of its parts. This book raises important questions of public policy about issues affecting the institutions upon which we all depend for our continued prosperity. It is important reading for anyone concerned about the future of corporate business in a capitalistic society.
Download or read book Takeovers and Divergence of Investor Opinion written by Sris Chatterjee and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we develop and test five hypotheses relating the takeover premium paid for a target to the investors' divergence of opinion on the target's equity value. For a sample of acquisitions of publicly traded targets, we show that the total takeover premium is higher when investors have higher divergence of opinion on the target's value. Second, we decompose total takeover premium into a stock price runup for the target prior to the takeover announcement and a post-announcement markup. We show that both the target's stock price runup and the post-announcement markup increase with an increase in the divergence of opinion on the target's value. Third, we show that the post-announcement markup and the pre-announcement runup could be positively correlated since both are positively related to the divergence of opinion on the target's value. Fourth, we show that the post-announcement markup decreases with an increase in bidder toehold. Finally, we show that a positive sentiment shock at the market level increases the divergence of opinion on the target's equity value, thereby increasing the total takeover premium, the target runup, and the post-announcement markup. Our results highlight the importance of the divergence of investor opinion in explaining the takeover premium, the pre-announcement runup and the post-announcement markup in mergers and acquisitions.
Download or read book Principles of Private Firm Valuation written by Stanley J. Feldman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-04-06 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete explanation of the issues that determine private firm value Principles of Private Firm Valuation combines recent academic research and practical real-world experience to help readers better understand the multitude of factors that determine private firm value. For the financial professional serving private firms-who are increasingly being called upon to give advice on issues related to firm valuation and deal structure-this comprehensive guide discusses critical topics, including how firms create value and how to measure it, valuing control, determining the size of the marketability discount, creating transparency and the implications for value, the value of tax pass-through entities versus a C corporation, determining transaction value, and the valuation implications of FASB 141 (purchase price accounting) and 142 (goodwill impairment). Dr. Stanley J. Feldman (Lowell, MA) is Associate Professor of Finance at Bentley College, where he currently teaches courses in corporate finance with a focus on business valuation and business strategy at both the graduate and undergraduate levels. He is a member of the FASB Valuation Resource Group and is Chairman and cofounder of Axiom Valuation Solutions.
Download or read book Corporate Takeovers written by Alan J. Auerbach and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013-12-30 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The takeover boom that began in the mid-1980s has exhibited many phenomena not previously observed, such as hostile takeovers and takeover defenses, a widespread use of cash as a means of payment for targeted firms, and the acquisitions of companies ranking among the largest in the country. With the aim of more fully understanding the implications of such occurances, contributors to this volume consider a broad range of issues as they analyze mergers and acquisitions and study the takeoveer process itself.
Download or read book Do Acquisitions of Private Targets Create Higher Value written by Thomas Z. Lys and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acquirers, on average, earn higher announcement-period returns when their targets are privately held than when their targets are publicly traded. We show that private targets have significantly more intangible assets than do public targets. We then develop a valuation model that is based on the fair values of the targets' tangible and intangible assets and demonstrate that relative to public targets, private targets, while commanding higher premiums over their stand-alone values, also generate higher synergies in the acquisitions. However, the higher synergies in private target acquisitions are not the result of the target status but are driven by the larger amount of intangible assets acquired in those deals. We also find that the variance of synergies in private targets is much larger than that in acquisitions of public targets. Finally, our results are robust for known effects such as mode of payment and expected growth.
Download or read book Mergers Acquisitions and Other Restructuring Activities written by Donald DePamphilis and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-08-22 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two strengths distinguish this textbook from others. One is its presentation of subjects in the contexts wherein they occur. The other is its use of current events. Other improvements have shortened and simplified chapters, increased the numbers and types of pedagogical supplements, and expanded the international appeal of examples.
Download or read book Do Private Equity Consortiums Facilitate Collusion in Takeover Bidding written by Audra L. Boone and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We address whether the joint bidding by private equity consortiums facilitates collusion in the takeover market. We employ a sample of 870 takeovers of publicly traded targets in the 2003 to 2007 period, the time period which is the focus of investigation by the Justice Department and the source of cases for class action lawsuits. A unique aspect of our analysis is that we determine the identification of private equity bidders from actual merger documents rather than rely on sources such as Securities Data Corp and that we analyze both prominent private equity bidders as well as smaller private equity firms. Our analysis finds competitive reasons for consortium formation based on scale, risk and bidder expertise. We also find that both single private equity bidders and private equity consortiums are associated with significantly greater levels of takeover competition than other types of bidders. While we find some evidence that target abnormal returns are lower in private equity consortium deals for narrow windows around the initial takeover-related announcement date, we find that these results do not hold for longer event windows that better account for the differences in the takeover process across types of bidders. Analysis that controls for the endogenous selection of consortium formation also fails to find any negative effect of consortiums on either takeover competition or target returns. We also do not find any negative effects of consortiums formed by prominent private equity firms. We interpret the evidence to be inconsistent with a collusive explanation for consortium formation in the 2003 to 2007 period and to be consistent with competitive reasons for consortium formation.
Download or read book Mergers and Acquisitions written by Amy L. Pablo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-02-09 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews both successful and unsuccessful mergers andacquisitions, exploring the reasons why so many fail to live up toexpectations. An exploration of why mergers and acquisitions succeed or fail,based on rigorous scholarly research. Stretches the boundaries of what we know about these complexphenomena. Presents original ideas about the merger and acquisitionstrategy, the effects of mergers and acquisitions on performance,and the critical processes involved in implementation andintegration. Explores new areas, such as the role of culture and leadership,and the importance of knowledge transfer and learning. Includes contributions from both highly respected scholars andup-and-coming stars in the field.
Download or read book The Equity Wealth Effects of Method of Payment in Takeover Bids for Privately Held Firms written by Raymond da Silva Rosa and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The equity wealth effects of method of payment in takeover bids for privately held firms In takeover bids for unlisted firms, the typically more closely knit target shareholders have the bargaining power and incentive to force the bidder's managers to disclose their private information about the value of their firm's shares. The acceptance of share-based offers by private target shareholders thus conveys favourable information about the net present value of the takeover, unlike the case in share based bids for listed targets. We document that successful bids for private targets are associated with significantly positive abnormal returns to bidders over the announcement period, a result that diverges from findings based on bids for public targets. Contrary to Chang (1998), share based bids for Australian private targets are not associated with higher abnormal returns to bidders. However, most bids by listed companies for private companies are cash based and these generate a positive return. Our results are consistent with the explanation that lower competition for private targets allows acquirers to capture more of the economic rent from takeovers by offering cash bids.
Download or read book Mergers Acquisitions and Other Restructuring Activities written by Donald DePamphilis and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-08-26 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explaining the real-world of mergers, acquisitions, and restructuring based on his own academic knowledge and experience, Donald DePamphilis shows how deals are done, rather than just explaining the theory behind them.
