Download or read book Tacit and Explicit Knowledge written by Harry Collins and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-06-15 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of what humans know we cannot say. And much of what we do we cannot describe. For example, how do we know how to ride a bike when we can’t explain how we do it? Abilities like this were called “tacit knowledge” by physical chemist and philosopher Michael Polanyi, but here Harry Collins analyzes the term, and the behavior, in much greater detail, often departing from Polanyi’s treatment. In Tacit and Explicit Knowledge, Collins develops a common conceptual language to bridge the concept’s disparate domains by explaining explicit knowledge and classifying tacit knowledge. Collins then teases apart the three very different meanings, which, until now, all fell under the umbrella of Polanyi’s term: relational tacit knowledge (things we could describe in principle if someone put effort into describing them), somatic tacit knowledge (things our bodies can do but we cannot describe how, like balancing on a bike), and collective tacit knowledge (knowledge we draw that is the property of society, such as the rules for language). Thus, bicycle riding consists of some somatic tacit knowledge and some collective tacit knowledge, such as the knowledge that allows us to navigate in traffic. The intermixing of the three kinds of tacit knowledge has led to confusion in the past; Collins’s book will at last unravel the complexities of the idea. Tacit knowledge drives everything from language, science, education, and management to sport, bicycle riding, art, and our interaction with technology. In Collins’s able hands, it also functions at last as a framework for understanding human behavior in a range of disciplines.

Download or read book The Connected Company written by Dave Gray and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2012-08-30 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The future of work is already here. Customers are adopting disruptive technologies faster than your company can adapt. When your customers are delighted, they can amplify your message in ways that were never before possible. But when your company’s performance runs short of what you’ve promised, customers can seize control of your brand message, spreading their disappointment and frustration faster than you can keep up. To keep pace with today’s connected customers, your company must become a connected company. That means deeply engaging with workers, partners, and customers, changing how work is done, how you measure success, and how performance is rewarded. It requires a new way of thinking about your company: less like a machine to be controlled, and more like a complex, dynamic system that can learn and adapt over time. Connected companies have the advantage, because they learn and move faster than their competitors. While others work in isolation, they link into rich networks of possibility and expand their influence. Connected companies around the world are aggressively acquiring customers and disrupting the competition. In The Connected Company, we examine what they’re doing, how they’re doing it, and why it works. And we show you how your company can use the same principles to adapt—and thrive—in today’s ever-changing global marketplace.

Download or read book Tacit and Explicit Understanding written by Gerry Stahl and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2010-09-29 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PhD dissertation in computer science about software environments to support collaborative design, facilitating multiple perspectives and design rationale capture.

Download or read book Understanding the Tacit written by Stephen P. Turner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-21 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book outlines a new account of the tacit, meaning tacit knowledge, presuppositions, practices, traditions, and so forth. It includes essays on topics such as underdetermination and mutual understanding, and critical discussions of the major alternative approaches to the tacit, including Bourdieu’s habitus and various practice theories, Oakeshott’s account of tradition, Quentin Skinner’s theory of historical meaning, Harry Collins’s idea of collective tacit knowledge, as well as discussions of relevant cognitive science concepts, such as non-conceptual content, connectionism, and mirror neurons. The new account of tacit knowledge focuses on the fact that in making the tacit explicit, a person is not, as many past accounts have supposed, reading off the content of some sort of shared and fixed tacit scheme of presuppositions, but rather responding to the needs of the Other for understanding.

Download or read book The Knowledge Creating Company written by Ikujiro Nonaka and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1995-05-18 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How have Japanese companies become world leaders in the automotive and electronics industries, among others? What is the secret of their success? Two leading Japanese business experts, Ikujiro Nonaka and Hirotaka Takeuchi, are the first to tie the success of Japanese companies to their ability to create new knowledge and use it to produce successful products and technologies. In The Knowledge-Creating Company, Nonaka and Takeuchi provide an inside look at how Japanese companies go about creating this new knowledge organizationally. The authors point out that there are two types of knowledge: explicit knowledge, contained in manuals and procedures, and tacit knowledge, learned only by experience, and communicated only indirectly, through metaphor and analogy. U.S. managers focus on explicit knowledge. The Japanese, on the other hand, focus on tacit knowledge. And this, the authors argue, is the key to their success--the Japanese have learned how to transform tacit into explicit knowledge. To explain how this is done--and illuminate Japanese business practices as they do so--the authors range from Greek philosophy to Zen Buddhism, from classical economists to modern management gurus, illustrating the theory of organizational knowledge creation with case studies drawn from such firms as Honda, Canon, Matsushita, NEC, Nissan, 3M, GE, and even the U.S. Marines. For instance, using Matsushita's development of the Home Bakery (the world's first fully automated bread-baking machine for home use), they show how tacit knowledge can be converted to explicit knowledge: when the designers couldn't perfect the dough kneading mechanism, a software programmer apprenticed herself with the master baker at Osaka International Hotel, gained a tacit understanding of kneading, and then conveyed this information to the engineers. In addition, the authors show that, to create knowledge, the best management style is neither top-down nor bottom-up, but rather what they call "middle-up-down," in which the middle managers form a bridge between the ideals of top management and the chaotic realities of the frontline. As we make the turn into the 21st century, a new society is emerging. Peter Drucker calls it the "knowledge society," one that is drastically different from the "industrial society," and one in which acquiring and applying knowledge will become key competitive factors. Nonaka and Takeuchi go a step further, arguing that creating knowledge will become the key to sustaining a competitive advantage in the future. Because the competitive environment and customer preferences changes constantly, knowledge perishes quickly. With The Knowledge-Creating Company, managers have at their fingertips years of insight from Japanese firms that reveal how to create knowledge continuously, and how to exploit it to make successful new products, services, and systems.

Download or read book Tacit Knowledge written by Neil Gascoigne and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-09-03 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tacit knowledge is the form of implicit knowledge that we rely on for learning. It is invoked in a wide range of intellectual inquiries, from traditional academic subjects to more pragmatically orientated investigations into the nature and transmission of skills and expertise. Notwithstanding its apparent pervasiveness, the notion of tacit knowledge is a complex and puzzling one. What is its status as knowledge? What is its relation to explicit knowledge? What does it mean to say that knowledge is tacit? Can it be measured? Recent years have seen a growing interest from philosophers in understanding the nature of tacit knowledge. Philosophers of science have discussed its role in scientific problem-solving; philosophers of language have been concerned with the speaker's relation to grammatical theories; and phenomenologists have attempted to describe the relation of explicit theoretical knowledge to a background understanding of matters that are taken for granted. This book seeks to bring a unity to these diverse philosophical discussions by clarifying their conceptual underpinnings. In addition the book advances a specific account of tacit knowledge that elucidates the importance of the concept for understanding the character of human cognition, and demonstrates the relevance of the recommended account to those concerned with the communication of expertise. The book will be of interest to philosophers of language, epistemologists, cognitive psychologists and students of theoretical linguistics.

Download or read book Tacit Knowledge in Organizations written by Philippe Baumard and published by SAGE. This book was released on 1999-07-28 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: `Philippe Baumard has observed that strategic success seems to lie more in top managers' ability to use tacit knowledge than in their gaining or updating explicit knowledge' - William H Starbuck, New York University `This important new book effectively illustrates how, in conditions of ambiguity, managers `over-manage', i.e. rely too much on explicit plans and interpretations. Here, Philippe Baumard develops an alternative analysis and with it a new approach to management' - Frank Blackler, Lancaster University This landmark book delves below the surface of organizations in order to understand the complex processes of top managers' decision making. Philippe

Download or read book Implicit Learning and Tacit Knowledge written by Arthur S. Reber and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1996-09-05 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Beyond Digital written by Paul Leinwand and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two world-renowned strategists detail the seven leadership imperatives for transforming companies in the new digital era. Digital transformation is critical. But winning in today's world requires more than digitization. It requires understanding that the nature of competitive advantage has shifted—and that being digital is not enough. In Beyond Digital, Paul Leinwand and Matt Mani from Strategy&, PwC's global strategy consulting business, take readers inside twelve companies and how they have navigated through this monumental shift: from Philips's reinvention from a broad conglomerate to a focused health technology player, to Cleveland Clinic's engagement with its broader ecosystem to improve and expand its leading patient care to more locations around the world, to Microsoft's overhaul of its global commercial business to drive customer outcomes. Other case studies include Adobe, Citigroup, Eli Lilly, Hitachi, Honeywell, Inditex, Komatsu, STC Pay, and Titan. Building on a major new body of research, the authors identify the seven imperatives that leaders must follow as the digital age continues to evolve: Reimagine your company's place in the world Embrace and create value via ecosystems Build a system of privileged insights with your customers Make your organization outcome-oriented Invert the focus of your leadership team Reinvent the social contract with your people Disrupt your own leadership approach Together, these seven imperatives comprise a playbook for how leaders can define a bolder purpose and transform their organizations.

Download or read book Tacit Knowledge in Professional Practice written by Robert J. Sternberg and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1999-02-01 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Those responsible for professional development in public and private-sector organizations have long had to deal with an uncomfortable reality. Billions of dollars are spent on formal education and training directed toward the development of job incumbents, yet the recipients of this training spend all but a fraction of their working life outside the training room--in meetings, on the shop floor, on the road, or in their offices. Faced with the need to promote "continuous learning" in a cost-effective manner, trainers, consultants, and educators have sought to develop ways to enrich the instructional and developmental potential of job assignments--to understand and facilitate the "lessons of experience." Not surprisingly, social and behavioral scientists have weighed in on the subject of on-the-job learning, and one message of their research is quite clear. This message is that much of the knowledge people use to succeed on the job is acquired implicitly--without intention to learn or awareness of having learned. The common language of the workplace reflects an awareness of this fact as people speak of learning "by doing" or "by osmosis" and of professional "instinct" or "intuition." Psychologists, more careful if not clearer in their choice of words, refer to learning without intention or awareness as "implicit learning" and refer to the knowledge that results from this learning as "tacit knowledge." Tacit Knowledge in Professional Practice explores implicit learning and tacit knowledge as they manifest themselves in the practice of six knowledge-intensive professions, and considers the implications of a tacit-knowledge approach for increasing the instructional and developmental impact of work experiences. This volume brings together distinguished practitioners and researchers in each of the six disciplines to discuss their own research and/or professional experience and to engage each other's views. It addresses professional practice in its totality -- from the technical to the interpersonal to the crassly commercial -- not simply a few aspects of practice that lend themselves to controlled study. Finally, this edited volume seeks to go beyond the enumeration of critical experiences to an understanding of the psychological mechanisms that underlie learning from experience in professional disciplines and, in so doing, to lay a foundation for innovations in professional education and training.

Download or read book Tacit Knowledge in the Workplace written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This is the final product of a six year effort to define, assess and measure tacit knowledge for leadership among U.S. Army officers. Tacit knowledge is defined as knowledge grounded in experience, intimately related to action, and not well supported by formal training and doctrine. Tacit knowledge for leadership was researched at three different levels of command and developed into assessment inventories for each level. The assessment inventories have been construct validated and proven to predict certain leadership effectiveness ratings at each level and to do so better than measures of verbal reasoning ability, tacit knowledge for business managers, or experience. The report describes the constructs of "practical intelligence" and "tacit knowledge", other research related to them, the general methods used in assessing tacit knowledge, and the development of the Tacit Knowledge for Military Leaders inventories. There is also a chapter on the practical implications for leadership development and training. An expanded version of this report will appear as a commercially available book entitled, Practical Intelligence in Everyday Life by the same authors. " -- Stinet.

Download or read book Digital Project Practice written by Dr. Tobias Endress and published by tredition. This book was released on 2020-07-31 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides hands-on insights and encourages readers to challenge existing methods and processes. The management of digital projects requires professional and state-of-the-art methods, tools, and techniques. In this book, the authors pass on practical approaches from their experiences in the field. The authors also critically acclaim existing methods and discuss their limitations. In particular, the book covers the following topics: - Methods and Best Practices; - Tools and Techniques; - Soft Skills, Team Dynamics, and Human Resources. Thirteen international subject matter experts contributed to this book. The objective is two-fold. First, the authors aim to further the discussion on business practices and methods. Second, the authors aim to stimulate the professional community. Senior professionals can benchmark their activities, while junior professionals can apply proven methods from this book.

Download or read book Tacit Knowledge and Spoken Discourse written by Michele Zappavigna and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2013-04-01 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A searching analysis of spoken discourse in the workplace, challenging Polyani's theory of Tacit Knowledge.

Download or read book Gaining Insight Through Tacit Knowledge written by Ted Spickler and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-10-27 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Students tend to steer away from classes that have a high technical content such as science, mathematics, engineering, the medical professions and anything where equations (how about economics?) play an important role. My message is deceptively simple; in order to gain real comprehension over a difficult subject, you need to know how your brain works. One successful approach to understanding your mind applies the philosophical viewpoint of Michael Polanyi's tacit theory of knowledge. This book introduces the need for your mind to create "tacit integrations" and explains how to attain what we call the "Aha" experience. Useful to teachers, coaches, and students, this learning methodology explains the behaviors needed for the attainment of full comprehension in either formal or informal learning situations. Polanyi was a brilliant research chemist who in later years turned his attention to explicating a personal philosophy of science. His self-reflections on how he created discoveries in chemistry offers illumination today into how our own minds work. The recognition of a subconscious level of mental activity (intuition and insight) is becoming a contemporary research topic and this book finds parallels between Polanyi and recent breakthroughs in cognitive psychology and selected neuroscience research. His tacit theory of knowledge, largely ignored among educational practitioners, is still alive today within knowledge management, medical training, and theological philosophy. This oversight is a shame and needs corrected. If you have no idea what is meant by a tacit integration (along with the necessary background for understanding it), you are missing valuable insights that show how you can put your brain into high gear. The tacit theory of knowledge informs constructivism and brings alive the dichotomy between explicit and implicit learning (also declarative and procedural knowledge). Polanyi died worried that his work would die with him. Let's not allow that to continue! Discovering how to apply tacit knowledge in learning and teaching can be a rewarding experience.

Download or read book Knowing Otherwise written by Alexis Shotwell and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2015-09-10 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prejudice is often not a conscious attitude: because of ingrained habits in relating to the world, one may act in prejudiced ways toward others without explicitly understanding the meaning of one’s actions. Similarly, one may know how to do certain things, like ride a bicycle, without being able to articulate in words what that knowledge is. These are examples of what Alexis Shotwell discusses in Knowing Otherwise as phenomena of “implicit understanding.” Presenting a systematic analysis of this concept, she highlights how this kind of understanding may be used to ground positive political and social change, such as combating racism in its less overt and more deep-rooted forms. Shotwell begins by distinguishing four basic types of implicit understanding: nonpropositional, skill-based, or practical knowledge; embodied knowledge; potentially propositional knowledge; and affective knowledge. She then develops the notion of a racialized and gendered “common sense,” drawing on Gramsci and critical race theorists, and clarifies the idea of embodied knowledge by showing how it operates in the realm of aesthetics. She also examines the role that both negative affects, like shame, and positive affects, like sympathy, can play in moving us away from racism and toward political solidarity and social justice. Finally, Shotwell looks at the politicized experience of one’s body in feminist and transgender theories of liberation in order to elucidate the role of situated sensuous knowledge in bringing about social change and political transformation.

Download or read book Enabling Knowledge Creation written by Georg von Krogh and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000-06-01 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When The Knowledge-Creating Company (OUP; nearly 40,000 copies sold) appeared, it was hailed as a landmark work in the field of knowledge management. Now, Enabling Knowledge Creation ventures even further into this all-important territory, showing how firms can generate and nurture ideas by using the concepts introduced in the first book. Weaving together lessons from such international leaders as Siemens, Unilever, Skandia, and Sony, along with their own first-hand consulting experiences, the authors introduce knowledge enabling--the overall set of organizational activities that promote knowledge creation--and demonstrate its power to transform an organization's knowledge into value-creating actions. They describe the five key "knowledge enablers" and outline what it takes to instill a knowledge vision, manage conversations, mobilize knowledge activists, create the right context for knowledge creation, and globalize local knowledge. The authors stress that knowledge creation must be more than the exclusive purview of one individual--or designated "knowledge" officer. Indeed, it demands new roles and responsibilities for everyone in the organization--from the elite in the executive suite to the frontline workers on the shop floor. Whether an activist, a caring expert, or a corporate epistemologist who focuses on the theory of knowledge itself, everyone in an organization has a vital role to play in making "care" an integral part of the everyday experience; in supporting, nurturing, and encouraging microcommunities of innovation and fun; and in creating a shared space where knowledge is created, exchanged, and used for sustained, competitive advantage. This much-anticipated sequel puts practical tools into the hands of managers and executives who are struggling to unleash the power of knowledge in their organization.

Download or read book The Tacit Dimension written by Michael Polanyi and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-05 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Tacit Dimension" argues that tacit knowledge -tradition, inherited practices, implied values, and prejudgments- is a crucial part of scientific knowledge. This volume challenges the assumption that skepticism, rather than established belief, lies at the heart of scientific discovery.