Download or read book Systems Analysis of Integrated Biomass Torrefaction and Densification Technology written by Maryam Manouchehrinejad and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass is a promising renewable energy source for providing a significant contribution to an ever-increasing global energy demand, reducing the GHG emissions, and improving the energy security. However, it is necessary to overcome challenges related to using biomass as a solid biofuel. Torrefaction is a thermal treatment process, where the biomass constituents, mainly hemicellulose, are thermally decomposed under atmospheric pressure. This results in reducing the biomass heterogeneity, changing the fibrous biomass to a more brittle structure like coal, and removing volatiles including hydroxyl and carboxyl groups from the biomass structure. The remaining torrefied solid has higher energy content and hydrophobic nature. The densification process such as pelletization would further increase the energy density of the torrefied pellets, reducing the costs of handling, storage, and transportation. The final torrefied pellet is a potential feedstock for several processes but specifically suited for co-firing with coal in power generation plants. Since the conventional combined torrefaction and pelletization (TOP) plant has not fully developed yet, in this study, an integrated torrefaction and pelletization process with a new configuration of torrefaction after pelletization (TAP) was proposed and investigated. A comprehensive process simulation framework was modeled with detailed unit operations, incorporating thermochemical conversion kinetics to study different lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks. The model was validated with the experimental data from torrefaction of two types of commercial wood pellets at a temperature range of 200 to 300℗ʻC and process data from the literature. The developed model was used to explore the mass and energy balances, system efficiencies, design parameters for unit operations, and emissions to the environment at different industrial scales. The techno-economic analysis showed that for a 100,000 Mg yr-1 production capacity torrefied pellet plant, the total capital investment of a TAP configuration was around $29.6 million, which was 12% lower than the TOP approach. The production cost and minimum selling price were $166 Mg-1 ($6.9 GJ-1) and $197 Mg-1 ($8.1 GJ-1) respectively. If the price of torrefied pellets were equivalent to price of wood pellets ($185 Mg-1), the return on investment (ROI) was 15% for a torrefied pellet plant capacity of 200,000 Mg yr-1.

Download or read book Indigenous Wholistic Theory for Health written by Dawn Marie Marsden and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Theoretical and Applied Aspects of Biomass Torrefaction written by Stephen Gent and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2017-06-16 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theoretical and Applied Aspects of Biomass Torrefaction: For Biofuels and Value-Added Products presents a firm foundation of torrefaction technologies and their economic and sustainability aspects. It offers a theoretical background in the underlying principles of torrefaction reactions, including thermodynamics, chemical reactions, process modeling, end-products, and value-added products such as biochar and torr-gas. It also provides an overview of best practices in torrefaction systems, reactor design and scale-up, and compares torrefaction with other thermochemical processing technologies. The authors discuss feedstock availability for a variety of biomass types, such as agricultural residues, woody residues, energy crops and municipal solid waste. They also examine logistics and markets for torrefied products, which includes their use in co-firing and combined heat and power generation, as well as emissions and other environmental aspects. This balanced and thorough approach to the subject matter makes this an excellent resource for engineers, researchers, and graduate students in the field of biomass conversion, especially with background in energy engineering, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, environmental engineering, biological engineering, and agriculture. Offers a comprehensive overview of torrefaction, balancing theoretical and applied perspectives of torrefaction technologies from a holistic perspective Examines economic and sustainability aspects, including logistics, markets, feedstock, and emissions Presents a variety of relevant, real-world examples that underscore the production and utilization of torrefied material Offers a balanced and thorough approach to the subject, making it an excellent resource for engineers, researchers, and graduate students in the field of biomass conversion

Download or read book Technologies for Converting Biomass to Useful Energy written by Erik Dahlquist and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-04-16 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Officially, the use of biomass for energy meets only 10-13% of the total global energy demand of 140 000 TWh per year. Still, thirty years ago the official figure was zero, as only traded biomass was included. While the actual production of biomass is in the range of 270 000 TWh per year, most of this is not used for energy purposes, and mostly it

Download or read book Sustainability of Thermochemical Waste Conversion Technologies written by Cynthia Ofori-Boateng and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environmental Assessment of Renewable Energy Conversion Technologies written by Paris A. Fokaides and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-06-11 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Assessment of Renewable Energy Conversion Technologies provides state-of-the-art coverage in both non-fossil energy conversion and storage techniques, as well as in their environmental assessment. This includes goal and scope, analysis boundaries, inventory and the impact assessment employed for the evaluation of these applications, as well as the environmental footprint of the technologies. The book compiles information currently available only in different sources concerning the environmental assessment of sustainable energy technologies, allowing for the comparative assessments of different technologies given specific boundary conditions, such as renewable potential and other specific features of discussed technologies. It offers readers a comprehensive overview of the entire energy supply chain, namely from production to storage, by allowing the consideration of different production and storage combinations, based on their environmental assessment. Provides an overview of the environmental assessment process of renewable energy conversion and storage technologies Includes state-of-the-art approaches and techniques for the comprehensive environmental assessment of individual sustainable energy conversion and storage technologies and their applications Features comparative assessments of different technologies

Download or read book Torrefaction of Biomass for Energy Applications written by Leonel JR Nunes and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-11-21 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Torrefaction of Biomass for Energy Applications: From Fundamentals to Industrial Scale explores the processes, technology, end-use, and economics involved in torrefaction at the industrial scale for heat and power generation. Its authors combine their industry experience with their academic expertise to provide a thorough overview of the topic. Starting at feedstock pretreatment, followed by torrefaction processes, the book includes plant design and operation, safety aspects, and case studies focusing on the needs and challenges of the industrial scale. Commercially available technologies are examined and compared, and their economical evaluation and life cycle assessment are covered as well. Attention is also given to non-woody feedstock, alternative applications, derived fuels, recent advances, and expected future developments. For its practical approach, this book is ideal for professionals in the biomass industry, including those in heat and power generation. It is also a useful reference for researchers and graduate students in the area of biomass and biofuels, and for decision makers, policy makers, and analysts in the energy field. Compares efficiency and performance of different commercially available technologies from the practical aspects of daily operation in an industrial scale plant Presents a cost analysis of the production, logistics, and storage of torrefied biomass Includes case studies addressing challenges that may occur in the daily operation in an industrial scale plant Covers other associated technologies, the densification of torrefied biomass, and non-woody feedstock

Download or read book International Bioenergy Trade written by Martin Junginger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-16 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The trade of global bioenergy commodities, such as ethanol, biodiesel and wood pellets has been growing exponentially in the past decade, and have by 2013 reached true “commodity” volumes, i.e. tens of millions of tonnes traded each year, and billions (both in US$/€) of annual turnover. IEA Bioenergy Task 40 was founded in 2004 and is now in its 4th triennium. For the past 9 years, task 40 has monitored the developments in international bioenergy trade, including the organization of about 20 workshops on trade-related topics, and the publication of over 100 studies, country reports, newsletters, etc. The amount of material produced over the years and insights gained in how biomass markets and international trade of biomass and biofuels has developed is impressive. Besides that the group has produced overviews and insights, also a large amount of practical experience has been brought together in what works and what doesn’t. Last but not least, based on all this, there are clear(er) views on how to proceed to build working sustainable international biomass markets in the future. This book compiles those lessons and insights into an easily accessible book publication.

Download or read book Biomass Preprocessing and Pretreatments for Production of Biofuels written by Jaya Shankar Tumuluru and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-07-26 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineering the physical, chemical, and energy properties of lignocellulosic biomass is important to produce high-quality consistent feedstocks with reduced variability for biofuels production. The emphasis of this book will be the beneficial impacts that mechanical, chemical, and thermal preprocessing methods can have on lignocellulosic biomass quality attributes or specifications for solid and liquid biofuels and biopower production technologies. "Preprocessing" refers to treatments that can occur at a distance from conversion and result in an intermediate with added value, with improved conversion performance and efficiency. This book explores the effects of mechanical, chemical, and thermal preprocessing methods on lignocellulosic biomass physical properties and chemical composition and their suitability for biofuels production. For example, biomass mechanical preprocessing methods like size reduction (which impacts the particle size and distribution) and densification (density and size and shape) are important for feedstocks to meet the quality requirements for both biochemical and thermochemical conversion methods like enzymatic conversion, gasification, and pyrolysis process. Thermal preprocessing methods like drying, deep drying, torrefaction, steam explosion, hydrothermal carbonization, and hydrothermal liquefaction effect feedstock's proximate, ultimate and energy property, making biomass suitable for both solid and liquid fuel production. Chemical preprocessing which includes washing, leaching, acid, alkali, and ammonia fiber explosion that can enable biochemical composition, such as modification of lignin and hemicellulose, and impacts the enzymatic conversion application for liquid fuels production. This book also explores the integration of these preprocessing technologies to achieve desired lignocellulosic biomass quality attributes for biofuels production.

Download or read book Solid Fuels Technology and Applications written by Nikolaos Koukouzas and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-04-14 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue presents the latest state-of-the-art research on solid fuels technology with dedicated, focused research papers. There are a variety of topics to choose from among the seven published re-search works to bring you up to date with the current trends in academia and industry.

Download or read book Selected Papers from 27th European Biomass Conference Exhibition EUBCE 2019 written by David Baxter and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-02 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book draws together a small selection of full-length papers based on presentations given at the 27th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition held in Lisbon, Portugal in 2019. The topics covered, which reflect the breadth of the program of the EUBCE conference itself, include biomass sources, various aspects of technologies used for the conversion of biomass to bioproducts and bioenergy, as well as different approaches to assessing environmental impacts, which include case studies based on different technologies in use in a range of countries.

Download or read book Biomass Pelletization written by A. Garcia-Maraver and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2015-04-07 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental and energy dependency problems derived from high fossil fuels consumption have made necessary the development of new energy models to be renewable and sustainable, efficient, practical and economical, and cost effective, to meet the demand for a sustainable energy supply. Among renewable resources, biomass is destined to play an important role in these new energy models since agricultural and forestry residues are an energy resource which is produced in relatively large amounts throughout the world and regarded as a renewable and environmentally safe way of providing energy. Compiling information on the conversion of energy from biomass, the book focuses on the use of pellets as homogeneous solid biofuels. It describes all the changes that forestry and agricultural biomass undergo to be converted into thermal energy and analyses the inputs and outputs of the process. It has to be noted that the standards used as guidelines and references in all the chapters of the book are there in order to not to forget the thresholds and guidelines established and thus to ensure a proper use. This book guides the reader through the entire biomass-to-energy process, emphasising important aspects and how the quality of the biofuel can be identified. It acts as a starting point for professionals and researchers interested in working with biomass and a guide for those people interested in the implementation of the technologies described.

Download or read book Rotary Kilns written by Akwasi A. Boateng and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2015-11-13 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rotary Kilns—rotating industrial drying ovens—are used for a wide variety of applications including processing raw minerals and feedstocks as well as heat-treating hazardous wastes. They are particularly critical in the manufacture of Portland cement. Their design and operation is critical to their efficient usage, which if done incorrectly can result in improperly treated materials and excessive, high fuel costs. This professional reference book will be the first comprehensive book in many years that treats all engineering aspects of rotary kilns, including a thorough grounding in the thermal and fluid principles involved in their operation, as well as how to properly design an engineering process that uses rotary kilns. This new edition contains an updated CFD section with inclusion of recent case studies and in line with recent developments covers pyrolysis processes, torrefaction of biomass, application of rotary kilns in C02 capture and information on using rotary kilns as incinerators for hydrocarbons. Provides essential information on fluid flow, granular flow, mixing and segregation, and aerodynamics during turbulent mixing and recirculation Gives guidance on which fuels to choose, including options such as natural gas versus coal-fired rotary kilns Covers principles of combustion and flame control, heat transfer and heating and material balances New edition contains information on pyrolysis processes with low temperatures and torrefaction of biomass. It also covers calcination of petcoke, how rotary kilns are used as incinerators for chlorinated hydrocarbons. Includes updated material on CFD simulation of kiln gas and solids flow with a selection of recent case studies.

Download or read book Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology for Stationary Applications written by Badea, Gheorghe and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2021-04-30 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unconventional energy sources have gained and will continue to gain an increasing share of energy systems around the world. Today, hydrogen is recognized as a non-polluting energy carrier because it does not contribute to global warming if it is produced from renewable sources. Hydrogen is already part of today's chemical industry, but as an energy source, its rare advantages can only be obtained with the help of technologies. Currently, the fuel cell is considered the cleanest sustainable energy. With the development of fuel cells, hydrogen-based energy generation becomes a reality. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology for Stationary Applications is an essential publication that focuses on the advantages of hydrogen as a primary energy center and addresses its use in the sustainable future of stationary applications. While highlighting a broad range of topics including cost expectations, production methods, and social impact, this publication explores all aspects of the implementation and dissemination of fuel cell technology in the hope of establishing a sustainable marketplace for it. This book is ideally designed for fuel cell manufacturers, architects, electrical engineers, civil engineers, environmental engineers, advocates, manufacturers, mechanics, researchers, academicians, and students.

Download or read book Advances in Energy Research Vol 2 written by Suneet Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-30 with total page 871 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents selected papers from the 6th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER 2017), which cover topics ranging from energy optimization, generation, storage and distribution, and emerging technologies, to energy management, policy, and economics. The book is inter-disciplinary in scope and addresses a host of different areas relevant to energy research, making it of interest to scientists, policymakers, students, economists, rural activists, and social scientists alike.

Download or read book WP3 Innovation in Agriculture and Forestry Sector for Energetic Sustainability written by Andrea Colantoni and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-04-15 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers published in this Special Issue “WP3—Innovation in Agriculture and Forestry Sector for Energetic Sustainability” bring together some of the latest research results in the field of biomass valorization and the process of energy production and climate change and other areas relevant to energetic sustainability [1–20]. Moreover, several works address the very important topic of evaluating the safety aspects for energy plant use [21–24]. Responses to our call generated the following statistics:• Submissions (21);• Publications (15);• Rejections (6);• Article types: research articles (13), reviews (2). Of the submitted papers, 15 have been successfully published as articles. Reviewing and selecting the papers for this Special Issue was very inspiring and rewarding. We also thank the editorial staff and reviewers for their efforts and help during the process. For better comprehension, the contributions to this Special Issue are divided into sections, as follows.

Download or read book Thermal Data for Natural and Synthetic Fuels written by Gaur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-05-28 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Presents 100 samples of organic substances characterized under identical conditions by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) in addition to proximate analysis-providing accurate information essential in research and engineering applications related to fuel preparation. Discusses nonisothermal kinetic techniques, mathematical models, and other parameter estimation procedures that facilitate the extrapolation of results obtained under various conditions-including the Gaur and Reed method, an important advance in understanding the kinetics of thermal data!"