Download or read book Morphology Shape and Phylogeny written by Norman MacLeod and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-02-07 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Generally, biologists and mathematicians who study the shape and form of organisms have largely been working in isolation from those who work on evolutionary relationships through the analysis of common characteristics. Increasingly however, dialogue between the two communities is beginning to develop - but other than a handful of journal papers, t

Download or read book Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology written by Eric J. Sargis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-05-21 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book celebrates the contributions of Dr. Frederick S. Szalay to the field of Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology. Professor Szalay is a strong advocate for biologically and evolutionarily meaningful character analysis. He has published about 200 articles, six monographs, and six books on this subject. This book features subjects such as the evolution and adaptation of mammals and provides up-to-date articles on the evolutionary morphology of a wide range of mammalian groups.

Download or read book Morphology Molecules Evolution and Phylogeny in Polychaeta and Related Taxa written by Thomas Bartolomaeus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-07-13 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annelida, mainly consisting of marine Polychaeta and in faunal and partly parasitic Clitellata, is one the most significant metazoan taxa. Its more than 20.000 described species invade nearly all habitats and play a central role in marine benthic systems as well as in terrestrial soil communities. Annelids include all soft-bodied segmented worm-like organisms and have been recognized as a separate "phylum" for almost 200 years. Recently, evidence has been accumulated which shows that some of the groups formerly regarded as independent "phyla" such as Pogonophora (now recognized as Siboglinidae), Echiura, Myzostomida and perhaps Sipuncula, are most probably nothing else than greatly modified Annelida. The extreme morphological diversity found especially in Polychaeta displays the plasticity of a simple segmented organisation that basically is nothing else but a serial repetition of identical units. Thus, annelids are highly important to our understanding of fundamental questions about morphological and adaptive diversity, as well as clarifying evolutionary changes and phylogenetic relationships. The book aims to summarize our knowledge on Polychaetes polychaetes and their allies and gives an overview of recent advances gained by studies that employed conventional and modern methods plus, increasingly and importantly, the use of molecular markers and computer-assisted kinship analyses. It also reflects the state of art in polychaete sciences and presents new questions and controversies. As such it will significantly influence the direction of research on Polychaeta and their related taxa.

Download or read book Insect Morphology and Phylogeny written by Rolf G. Beutel and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-12-12 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decades a remarkable renaissance has materialized in insect morphology, mainly triggered by the development of new cutting-edge technologies. This is an exciting time for biological synthesis where the mysteries and data derived from genomes can be combined with centuries of data from morphology and development. And, now, more than ever, detailed knowledge of morphology is essential to understanding the evolution of all groups of organisms. In this “age of phylogenomics” researchers rely on morphological data to support molecular findings, test complex evolutionary scenarios, and for placing fossil taxa. This textbook provides an in-depth treatment of the structures and the phylogeny of the megadiverse Hexapoda. The first part presents an up-to-date overview of general insect morphology with detailed drawings, scanning electron micrographs, and 3-D reconstructions. Also included is a chapter covering innovative morphological techniques (e.g., μ-computer tomography, 3-D modeling), brief treatments of insect development and phylogenetic methods, and a comprehensive morphological glossary. The second part is of a modern synthesis of insect systematics that includes taxon-specific morphological information for all Orders. The work is an invaluable reference for students and researchers working in all facets of biology and is a must for evolutionary biologists. A detailed understanding of morphology is essential in unraveling phylogenetic relationships and developing complex evolutionary scenarios. Increasingly researchers in phylogenomics are re/turning to morphological data to support their findings, while the development of new cutting-edge technologies has further increased interest in this growing field. This definitive handbook provides an in-depth treatment of insect morphology. The first part presents an up-to-date overview of insect morphology with detailed drawings, brilliant scanning electron micrographs and 3-D reconstructions as interactive PDFs. This is complemented by a chapter on innovative morphological techniques (e.g., μ-computer tomography, 3-D modeling) and a comprehensive morphological glossary. The second part treats the state of the art in insect systematics and includes taxon-specific morphological information for all orders. Systematics are treated formally, with for example the arguments for relationships (“apomorphies”) always listed explicitly. The work is a useful reference for students and researchers working in different fields of biology and a must for those dealing with insects from an evolutionary perspective.

Download or read book Systematics and Evolution written by David J. McLaughlin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycology, the study of fungi, originated as a subdiscipline of botany and was a des criptive discipline, largely neglected as an experimental science until the early years of this century. A seminal paper by Blakeslee in 1904 provided evidence for self incompatibility, termed "heterothallism", and stimulated interest in studies related to the control of sexual reproduction in fungi by mating-type specificities. Soon to follow was the demonstration that sexually reproducing fungi exhibit Mendelian inheritance and that it was possible to conduct formal genetic analysis with fungi. The names Burgetf, Kniep and Lindegren are all associated with this early period of fungal genet ics research. These studies and the discovery of penicillin by Fleming, who shared a Nobel Prize in 1945, provided further impetus for experimental research with fungi. Thus began a period of interest in mutation induction and analysis of mutants for biochemical traits. Such fundamental research, conducted largely with Neurospora crassa, led to the one gene: one enzyme hypothesis and to a second Nobel Prize for fungal research awarded to Beadle and Tatum in 1958. Fundamental research in biochemical genetics was extended to other fungi, especially to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and by the mid-1960s fungal systems were much favored for studies in eukaryotic molecular biology and were soon able to compete with bacterial systems in the molecular arena.

Download or read book Molecules and Morphology in Evolution written by Colin Patterson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1987-07-09 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers presented at the Third International Congress of Systematic and Evolutionary Biology, held at the University of Sussex, 4-11 July 1985.

Download or read book Morphology and Systematics written by Richard A.B. Leschen and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2014-04-01 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Paleobiological Revolution written by David Sepkoski and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2015-03-04 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Paleobiological Revolution chronicles the incredible ascendance of the once-maligned science of paleontology to the vanguard of a field. With the establishment of the modern synthesis in the 1940s and the pioneering work of George Gaylord Simpson, Ernst Mayr, and Theodosius Dobzhansky, as well as the subsequent efforts of Stephen Jay Gould, David Raup, and James Valentine, paleontology became embedded in biology and emerged as paleobiology, a first-rate discipline central to evolutionary studies. Pairing contributions from some of the leading actors of the transformation with overviews from historians and philosophers of science, the essays here capture the excitement of the seismic changes in the discipline. In so doing, David Sepkoski and Michael Ruse harness the energy of the past to call for further study of the conceptual development of modern paleobiology.

Download or read book Plant Systematics written by Michael G. Simpson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-09 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant Systematics is a comprehensive and beautifully illustrated text, covering the most up-to-date and essential paradigms, concepts, and terms required for a basic understanding of plant systematics. This book contains numerous cladograms that illustrate the evolutionary relationships of major plant groups, with an emphasis on the adaptive significance of major evolutionary novelties. It provides descriptions and classifications of major groups of angiosperms, including over 90 flowering plant families; a comprehensive glossary of plant morphological terms, as well as appendices on botanical illustration and plant descriptions. Pedagogy includes review questions, exercises, and references that complement each chapter. This text is ideal for graduate and undergraduate students in botany, plant taxonomy, plant systematics, plant pathology, ecology as well as faculty and researchers in any of the plant sciences. The Henry Allan Gleason Award of The New York Botanical Garden, awarded for "Outstanding recent publication in the field of plant taxonomy, plant ecology, or plant geography" (2006) Contains numerous cladograms that illustrate the evolutionary relationships of major plant groups, with an emphasis on the adaptive significance of major evolutionary novelties Provides descriptions and classifications of major groups of angiosperms, including over 90 flowering plant families Includes a comprehensive glossary of plant morphological terms as well as appendices on botanical illustration and plant description

Download or read book Morphological Integration written by Everett C. Olson and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1999-10 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite recent advances in genetics, development, anatomy, systematics, and morphometrics, the synthesis of ideas and research agenda put forth in the classic Morphological Integration remains remarkably fresh, timely, and relevant. Pioneers in reexamining morphology, Everett Olson and Robert Miller were among the first to explore the concept of the integrated organism in both living and extinct populations. In a new foreword and afterword, biologists Barry Chernoff and Paul Magwene summarize the landmark achievements made by Olson and Miller and bring matters discussed in the book up to date, suggest new methods, and accentuate the importance of continued research in morphological integration. Everett C. Olson was a professor at the University of Chicago and at the University of California, Los Angeles. He was a former president of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. Robert L. Miller was associate professor of geology at the University of Chicago, associate scientist in marine geology at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and a member of the board of editors of the Journal of Geology.

Download or read book Rereading the Fossil Record written by David Sepkoski and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2015-03-05 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rereading the Fossil Record presents the first-ever historical account of the origin, rise, and importance of paleobiology, from the mid-nineteenth century to the late 1980s. Drawing on a wealth of archival material, David Sepkoski shows how the movement was conceived and promoted by a small but influential group of paleontologists and examines the intellectual, disciplinary, and political dynamics involved in the ascendency of paleobiology. By tracing the role of computer technology, large databases, and quantitative analytical methods in the emergence of paleobiology, this book also offers insight into the growing prominence and centrality of data-driven approaches in recent science.

Download or read book Systematic and Evolutionary Morphology written by Brendon Elias Boudinot and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Morphology is one of the oldest branches of science, encompassing the form, structure, and transformation of natural materials, whether biotic or abiotic. In the context of contemporary Biology, morphology may be most broadly conceived as the qualitative and quantitative theory of extant and extinct phenotypes, themselves directly sampled via manual, molecular, or digital anatomy. This dissertation includes three evolutionary and systematic studies arranged from broadest to narrowest taxonomic scope. Chapter I presents a new general theory for the origin and evolution of male insect genitalia, drawing on skeletomuscular, developmental, and phylogenetic evidence across the Ecdysozoa. The main conclusions drawn from this study are that male insect genitals are composite organs which are homologous with abdominal appendages IX and X, and which have undergone various functional and developmental specializations corresponding to major ecological and life history innovations. This transformational pattern is also observed in Chapter II, which introduces a new family of stem ants, providing unique insight into the paleoecology and evolution of the Formicidae. With my coauthors, we employed Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods to solve the phylogeny of the total Aculeata, and to statistically estimate a time-calibrated transformation sequence crownward into the extant ants using traditional and digital anatomical data. Chapter III provides the first male-based key to and diagnoses of the ant subfamilies of the globe, and outlines a list of morphological characters and questions which seeded chapter II. The appendix to chapter III is an unpublished, male-based key to the ant genera of the New World. I conclude this dissertation with a taxonomic index of the higher classification of Aculeata and Formicoidea, as here conceived. Although the future of morphology will be digital, there is no replacement for the manual work of specimen collection, curation, and manipulation. Ultimately, bioinformatics will combine phenomics and genomics to model the continuum of developmental and phylogenetic anagenesis, constrained by functional dynamics. Pursuit of this vision will manifest a new era of biological research and education.

Download or read book Evolutionary History of Bats written by Gregg F. Gunnell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-29 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the rich evolutionary history of bats from multiple perspectives, presenting some of the most remarkable discoveries involving fossil bats.

Download or read book Invertebrate Zoology written by Bernd Schierwater and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-07-08 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invertebrate Zoology: A Tree of Life Approach is a comprehensive and authoritative textbook adopting an explicitly phylogenetic organization. Most of the classical anatomical and morphological work has not been changed – it established the foundation of Invertebrate Zoology. With the explosion of Next-Generation Sequencing approaches, there has been a sea-change in the recognized phylogenetic relationships among and between invertebrate lineages. In addition, the merger of evolutionary and developmental biology (evo-devo) has dramatically contributed to changes in the understanding of invertebrate biology. Synthesizing these three approaches (classical morphology, sequencing data, and evo-devo studies) offers students an entirely unique perspective of invertebrate diversity. Key Features One of the first textbooks to combine classical morphological approaches and newer evo-devo and Next-Generation Sequencing approaches to address Invertebrate Zoology Organized along taxonomic lines in accord with the latest understanding of invertebrate phylogeny Will provide background in basic systematic analysis useful within any study of biodiversity A wealth of ancillary materials for students and teachers, including downloadable figures, lecture slides, web links, and phylogenetic data matrices

Download or read book Molecular Systematics and Evolution Theory and Practice written by R. DeSalle and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Important practical implications are established by case reports and specific examples. The present book is the ideal complement to the practitioner’s manual Techniques in Molecular Systematics and Evolution, recently published by the same editors in the Birkhäuser MTBM book series. The first part of this book deals with important applications of evolutionary and systematic analysis at different taxonomic levels. The second part discusses DNA multiple sequence alignment, species designations using molecular data, evo-devo and other topics that are problematic or controversial. In the last part, novel topics in molecular evolution and systematics, like genomics, comparative methods in molecular evolution and the use of large data bases are described. The final chapter deals with problems in bacterial evolution, considering the increasing access to large numbers of complete genome sequences.

Download or read book Functional Morphology and Diversity written by Les Watling and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013-01-16 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the functional morphology of crustaceans, which cover the main body parts and systems.

Download or read book Deep Morphology written by Tod F. Stuessy and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetics, phylogenesis, ecology.