Download or read book Syringe Exchange Programs and the Opioid Epidemic written by Joaquin Jay Gonzalez III and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2022-01-28 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Syringe exchange programs and safe injection services are outside-the-box interventions increasingly being used by governments, nonprofits and citizens to address dire issues percolating in tandem with America's burgeoning opioid epidemic. People who inject drugs (PWID)--almost a million Americans annually--commonly use painkillers such as heroin and fentanyl, as well as methamphetamine, benzodiazepines, barbiturates and cocaine. Yet the users themselves are often obscured or marginalized by the bigger picture. This collection of essays covers policies and practices aimed at preventing both opioid-related deaths and related infections of hepatitis and HIV.

Download or read book Are Syringe Exchange Programs Helpful Or Harmful written by Analisa Packham and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: In light of the recent opioid crisis, many public health entities have called for an expansion in syringe exchange programs (SEPs), which provide access to sterile syringes and facilitate safe needle disposal for injection drug users. This paper investigates the effects of recent SEP openings on HIV diagnoses and drug-related overdoses in the wake of the opioid crisis. I find that SEP openings decrease HIV diagnoses by up to 18.2 percent. However, I present new evidence that SEPs increase rates of opioid-related mortality and hospitalizations, suggesting that needle exchanges alone may be less effective than other interventions at stimulating recovery

Download or read book Preventing HIV Transmission written by National Research Council and Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-09-14 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses the interface of two major national problems: the epidemic of HIV-AIDS and the widespread use of illegal injection drugs. Should communities have the option of giving drug users sterile needles or bleach for cleaning needs in order to reduce the spread of HIV? Does needle distribution worsen the drug problem, as opponents of such programs argue? Do they reduce the spread of other serious diseases, such as hepatitis? Do they result in more used needles being carelessly discarded in the community? The panel takes a critical look at the available data on needle exchange and bleach distribution programs, reaches conclusions about their efficacy, and offers concrete recommendations for public policy to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS. The book includes current knowledge about the epidemiologies of HIV/AIDS and injection drug use; characteristics of needle exchange and bleach distribution programs and views on those programs from diverse community groups; and a discussion of laws designed to control possession of needles, their impact on needle sharing among injection drug users, and their implications for needle exchange programs.

Download or read book Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring.

Download or read book Needle Exchange Programs written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Factors Associated with Interest in Substance Use Treatment Among Syringe Exchange Clients who Use Opioids written by Madeline Frost and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a growing problem across the United States. Despite the existence of effective, evidence-based treatments, the majority of people with OUD do not receive treatment. Increasing treatment receipt is an essential component of the public health response to the opioid crisis. This study examines factors associated with interest in treatment among opioid-using syringe exchange program (SEP) clients. Methods: Survey data were collected at 17 SEPs in 16 counties across Washington State during 2015; 438 respondents reported current opioid use and not receiving current treatment, and thus were eligible for the analysis. Cross-sectional bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to examine factors associated with interest in treatment (measured as reporting being somewhat or very interested in getting help to reduce or cease drug use), including demographic and social characteristics, drug use behaviors and consequences, and factors related to access and use of health care services. Results: The majority of participants in this study reported interest in treatment (77.6%). In multivariate analyses, factors independently positively associated with interest in treatment included: female gender (AOR=1.84; 95% CI: 1.07, 3.13), having an abscess in the past year (AOR=1.91; 95% CI: 1.10, 3.32), and having received treatment services in the past year (AOR=6.37; 95% CI: 2.47, 16.40). Factors independently negatively associated with interest in treatment included: older age (AOR=0.76; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.99 for ten-year increase), methamphetamine use in the past three months (AOR=0.46; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.86) and pharmaceutical opioid use in the past three months (AOR=0.56; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.94). Conclusions: Public health and health care professionals who work with people who use opioids should consider factors associated with interest in treatment when planning treatment engagement interventions. Future research is needed to assess the generalizability of these findings and to better understand why certain factors may be positively or negatively associated with treatment interest.

Download or read book Integrating Responses at the Intersection of Opioid Use Disorder and Infectious Disease Epidemics written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-08-27 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 115 Americans die each day from an opioid overdose, which averages one death every 12.5 minutes. Between 1999 and 2016, the number of drug overdoses catapulted by 300 percent, with injection drug use increasing by 93 percent between 2004 and 2014 and opioid-related hospital admissions increasing by 58 percent over the past decade. And an inexorable sequela of the opioid epidemic is the spread of infectious diseases. To address these infectious disease consequences of the opioid crisis, a public workshop titled Integrating Infectious Disease Considerations with Response to the Opioid Epidemic was convened on March 12 and 13, 2018, by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Participants discussed strategies to prevent and treat infections in people who inject drugs, especially ways to work efficiently though the existing public health and medical systems. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Download or read book Proceedings Workshop on Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs written by National Research Council and Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports on research on and experience with needle exchange and bleach distribution programs and their effects on rates of drug use, the behavior of injection drug users, and the spread of HIV and other infectious diseases among injection drug users. It discusses U.S. needle exchange data, international evaluations of needle exchange programs, legal issues and drug paraphernalia laws, evaluation methods, and bleach distribution programs.

Download or read book Opportunities to Improve Opioid Use Disorder and Infectious Disease Services written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-04-30 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Opioid use and infectious diseases are intertwined epidemics. Despite the fact that the United States is more than two decades into the opioid crisis - the cause of tens of thousands of deaths every year on its own - the health system has not sufficiently addressed the morbidity and mortality of drug use coupled with infectious diseases. This is at least in part due to traditional models of substance use disorder care wherein substance use disorder treatment is delivered independently of other medical care, thereby inhibiting the delivery of comprehensive care. As a result, the United States is experiencing a drastic increase in infectious diseases that spread with drug use. Opportunities to Improve Opioid Use Disorder and Infectious Disease Services examines current efforts to integrate care and describes barriers, such as inadequate workforce and training; lack of data integration and sharing; and stigma among people who use drugs and have also been diagnosed with an infectious disease. The conclusions and recommendations of this report will help to promote patient-centered, integrated programs to address this dual epidemic.

Download or read book The Opioid Crisis written by Sarah Fielman and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis examines harm reduction providers who are developing a syringe access program at a community health center in Quincy, Massachusetts and investigates how the gaps between the critical perspectives of harm reduction and syringe access, as well as the legal, ethical, cultural, and structural framework in Massachusetts has interferred with the response to opioid use.

Download or read book Public Health Impact of Needle Exchange Programs in the United States and Abroad written by University of California, Berkeley. School of Public Health and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Opioid Epidemic written by Yngvild Olsen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-01 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The opioid epidemic is responsible for longest sustained decline in U.S. life expectancy since the time of World War I and the Great Influenza. In 2017, nearly 50,000 Americans died from an opioid overdose - with an estimated 2 million more living with opioid addiction every day. The Opioid Epidemic: What Everyone Needs to Know® is an accessible, nonpartisan overview of the causes, politics, and treatments tied to the most devastating health crisis of our time. Its comprehensive approach and Q&A format offer readers a practical path to understanding the epidemic from all sides: the basic science of opioids; the nature of addiction; the underlying reasons for the opioid epidemic; effective approaches to helping individuals, families, communities, and national policy; and common myths related to opioid addiction. Written by two expert physicians and enriched with stories from their experiences in the crosshairs of this epidemic, this book is a critical resource for any general reader -- and for the individuals and families fighting this fight in their own lives.

Download or read book This Is Ohio written by Jack Shuler and published by Catapult. This book was released on 2020-09-08 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 2019-2020 Malott Prize for Recording Community Activism Winner of the 2020 Richard Frisbie Award for Adult Nonfiction from the Society of Midland Authors For readers of Dopesick and Dreamland, journalist Jack Shuler explores the current addiction crisis as a human rights problem fostered by poverty and inadequate health care in this “insightful look at how the issues in Ohio affect the rest of the country” (Cosmopolitan, A Best Nonfiction Book of the Year). Tainted drug supplies, inadequate civic responses, and prevailing negative opinions about people who use drugs, the poor, and those struggling with mental health issues lead to thousands of preventable deaths each year while politicians are slow to adopt effective policies. Putting themselves at great personal risk (and often breaking the law to do so), the brave men and women profiled in This Is Ohio are mounting a grassroots effort to combat ineffective and often incorrect ideas about addiction and instead focus on saving lives through commonsense harm reduction policies. Opioids are the current face of addiction, but as Shuler shows, the crisis in our midst is one that has long been fostered by income inequality, the loss of manufacturing jobs across the Rust Belt, and lack of access to health care. What is playing out in Ohio today isn’t only about opioids, but rather a decades–long economic and sociological shift in small towns all across the United States. It’s also about a larger culture of stigma at the heart of how we talk about addiction. What happens in Ohio will have ramifications felt across the nation and for decades to come.

Download or read book Needle Exchange Programs to Prevent Hepatitis C Virus Infection in People who Inject Drugs in Rural Appalachia written by Stephen M. Davis and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent opioid epidemic in the rural Appalachian region of the United States has fueled an exponential increase in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among People Who Inject Drugs (PWID). Needle exchange programs (NEP), which provide clean needles in exchange for used needles, can reduce the incidence of HCV among PWIDs. However, the empirical evidence examining NEP effectiveness in the prevention of HCV in this population is mixed, only describes studies conducted in urban areas, and does not address the unique challenges associated with implementing NEPs in rural areas. Furthermore, no studies have examined barriers to using clean needles obtained from NEPs in rural settings. Therefore, there is a critical need to understand the unique context and programmatic challenges of rural NEPs to design and implement successful programs to reduce HCV transmission in this underserved population. The objective of this dissertation was to improve empirical evidence related to NEP efficacy, examine programmatic challenges encountered by rural NEPs, and identify clean needle use barriers unique to rural areas. The rationale underlying this research is that improved understanding of operational and clean needle use barriers will promote successful implementation of NEPs in rural areas. In the first study, a systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to update the empirical evidence related to NEP prevention of HCV in PWIDs. Findings from this study revealed that the overall impact of NEPs on HCV prevention remains unclear and is complicated by significant heterogeneity between studies. Furthermore, no rural studies were identified in the review. Standardization of population characteristics, intervention components, empirical comparisons, and outcome assessments is suggested to reduce heterogeneity and clarify the empirical contribution of NEPs to HCV prevention. In the second study, a qualitative case study design was employed to examine barriers and facilitators to NEP implementation, ongoing operations, and future sustainability. Structured interviews with program directors, law enforcement leaders and personnel, and NEP attendees revealed common barriers and facilitators to program operations. Findings from this study indicated that despite broad community support, growing volumes, funding shortages, and the federal government's prohibition on the use of funds to purchase needles threatened program operations. Furthermore, paraphernalia laws created a legal conundrum in the form of criminal sanctions for the possession of needles, which may inadvertently promote needle sharing and disease transmission. In the third study, a mixed methods survey of PWIDs attending two rural, Appalachian programs regarding barriers to using clean needles obtained from the exchange for every injection was employed. Findings from this study revealed that fear of arrest and problems with obtaining clean needles from pharmacies were the most commonly endorsed barriers to clean needle use. The results of this dissertation suggest that NEPs opened in rural Central Appalachia in response to an opioid and heroin epidemic have enjoyed robust community support and are viewed as an important infectious diseases prevention mechanism by PWIDs. However, the overall impact of NEPs on preventing HCV in rural PWIDs is unclear and, similar to urban areas of the United States, may be blunted by legal structural influences (i.e. paraphernalia laws) that impact policing behaviors. Future studies should explore the factors associated with these structural barriers that may prevent the ability of rural PWIDs to use a clean needle during every injection, which, in turn, may minimize the overall efficacy of these programs on HCV prevention. Further research is also needed on the feasibility of implementing the addition of opiate replacement therapy (i.e., methadone, buprenorphine) with NEPs given the strong protective effect on HCV seroconversion observed in several European studies implementing this combined approach consistently over time.

Download or read book Facing Addiction in America written by Office of the Surgeon General and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-08-15 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All across the United States, individuals, families, communities, and health care systems are struggling to cope with substance use, misuse, and substance use disorders. Substance misuse and substance use disorders have devastating effects, disrupt the future plans of too many young people, and all too often, end lives prematurely and tragically. Substance misuse is a major public health challenge and a priority for our nation to address. The effects of substance use are cumulative and costly for our society, placing burdens on workplaces, the health care system, families, states, and communities. The Report discusses opportunities to bring substance use disorder treatment and mainstream health care systems into alignment so that they can address a person's overall health, rather than a substance misuse or a physical health condition alone or in isolation. It also provides suggestions and recommendations for action that everyone-individuals, families, community leaders, law enforcement, health care professionals, policymakers, and researchers-can take to prevent substance misuse and reduce its consequences.

Download or read book Emerging Theories in Health Promotion Practice and Research written by Ralph J. DiClemente and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-29 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Here is a 'must-read' for all health promotion researchers and practitioners eager to stay one step ahead of the pack. A panoply of insightful and promising new approaches is presented for consideration and exploration in our contemporary behavioral science arsenal." — M. Elaine Auld, MPH, CHES, Chief Executive Officer, Society for Public Health Education "This book is an essential addition to the health practice and research literature, concentrating on theories that have not been extensively covered elsewhere and that have great currency. It provides an up-to-date rendition on the interplay among contemporary public health concerns, sound public health practice, and the theoretical bases for practice."— Robert M. Goodman, PhD, MPH, Dean and Professor, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, Indiana University "The authors of Emerging Theories provide vivid descriptions of the state of the science in health promotion and presents an exciting map for future research. Understanding and using theories is the hallmark of an excellent practitioner. Creating and elaborating theories is the mark of an excellent researcher. This text will be very valuable for both." — Noreen M. Clark, PhD, Myron E. Wegman Distinguished University Professor; Director, Center for Managing Chronic Disease, University of Michigan "Emerging Theories captures the dynamic growth in theories of health promotion and illustrates how divergent theoretical perspectives are being integrated into richer explanatory and practice models." — Matthew W. Kreuter, PhD, MPH, Professor of Social Work and Medicine; Director, Health Communication Research Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis

Download or read book Measuring Success in Substance Use Grant Programs written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2021-01-15 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The opioid epidemic, now several decades in the making, continues to cause pain and suffering for millions of Americans. Each year, thousands of individuals die from overdose, and thousands more grieve from these losses. Opioid use disorder (OUD) can lead to a complete interruption of day-to-day activities, including caring for one's family, maintaining a job or career, or keeping track of basic necessities, such as health care and finances. This report, the first in a series of three, examines four of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)'s grant programs that help alleviate suffering due to opioids and improve treatment quality and access. It offers recommendations about the existing reporting tools used by these programs and and proposes additional metrics and outcomes that should be considered.