Download or read book Synthesis Microstructure and Electric Field Assisted Sintering of Nanocrystalline Magnesium Aluminate written by Jorgen Fredrick Rufner and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the powder processing community there has been a large drive to develop techniques for generating bulk nanostructured polycrystalline ceramic materials. To that end, various types of nanoparticle and interface engineering have been performed through the modification or exploitation of surface and grain boundary energies. Not only have interface energies been explored, processing techniques have also developed to aid in the consolidation of nanopowders through the application of an electric field or current during sintering. These processes go by many names but EFAS techniques has been shown to provide improvements during sintering such as enhancing rates of densification, decreasing sintering temperatures, reducing required applied pressures, and grain growth suppression across a wide range of materials, however the underlying mechanisms responsible are still unclear and widely debated. This work had 2 primary goals: 1) create and characterize nanoparticles of such a small size that their large excess energy generates a driving force for densification that allows for the reduction of traditional sintering time and temperature toward achieving dense nanocrystalline magnesium aluminate; 2) deconvolute the complex system that is EFAS and determine the influence of electrostatic fields (non-contact electric field) on the sintering and grain growth behavior of electrically non-conductive dielectric ceramic materials. The motivation for this lies in delineating the role of each individual variable during EFAS so the process can be tuned with the a-priori knowledge of what the resultant microstructure will be. Through tuning solution synthesis methods, magnesium aluminate nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a co-precipitation method with an average size 5-6 nm. When traditionally sintered in a tube furnace at 1300°C in air, densification rates were high enough that only after 10 minutes sample relative density reached above 90% with an ultimate final density of 96% after only 20 minutes. This was a noticeable improvement from the typical conditions required for isothermal sintering of magnesium aluminate which are at temperatures above 1600°C for hours rather than minutes. In addition, a second synthesis method, the polymer precursor or Pechini method, was investigated for its well-known ability to create multi-cation oxide ceramics but gave very different results. For the case of MgAl2O4 it resulted in porous, tightly bound agglomerates made up of approximately 20nm nanocrystals and a volume fraction porosity of [phi][subscript vol] = 21.6 ± 3.7%. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed on individual agglomerates showcasing their bimodal pore structure of large sub-micron to micron sized pores alongside a dominant network of smaller nanosized pores. The pore structure was found to be very stable and significantly inhibit powder densification during sintering to only 55% relative density, regardless of sintering temperature or time. The mechanical strength of the agglomerates was quantitatively measured through TEM in-situ nanoindentation and was found to be the chief inhibiting factor during sintering. Deformation behavior of the agglomerates under compression followed three distinct failure mechanisms, unique to honeycomb/nanofoam structures, with complete fracture occurring at a stress of 2.75 ± 0.35GPa. Details as to how and why the synthesis method generated the porous structure and not small individual nanoparticles, as with the co-precipitated powder, are explained. Since surface and interface energetics play a critical role for densification during sintering, it was critical that the surface reactivity of such small nanoparticles be studied. This was performed by surface water adsorption where small controlled doses of water vapor were adsorbed onto anhydrous particle surfaces and the associated enthalpy of adsorption measured. It was apparent from the heat of adsorption data that more than just surface adsorption was occurring when water interacted with the nanoparticles. Upon further investigation, water was found to react with the particle surface creating magnesium hydroxide as well as atomic disordering of the surface. This endothermic surface reaction continues with the addition of more water such that when powder was completely submerged, large 2-dimensional amorphous hydroxide structures were seen cutting through the particle agglomerates. The adsorption of even small amounts of water by metal oxide nanoparticles has implications in that environmental humidity during processing can alter the way in which these nanomaterials sinter and densify. Finally, the synthesized nanopowders were used to study the effect of a 1000V/cm DC electric field on the densification and grain growth behavior during sintering. No appreciable change was observed in final density or densification rate with the application of the electric field, however, the average grain size of the field sintered sample was larger than that sintered with no field. To further clarify the experimental system, samples were annealed from full density to isolate grain growth mechanisms from densification mechanisms. The enhanced grain boundary mobility (grain growth) was again observed to be higher with the applied field. Nuclear resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and various TEM techniques including orientation image mapping (OIM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and high resolution microscopy (HRTEM) were all used to determine local chemistry, structure, and bonding environments to elucidate how electric fields affect grain boundary mobility in electrically non-conductive ceramics.

Download or read book Proceedings of the 12th Pacific Rim Conference on Ceramic and Glass Technology written by Dileep Singh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ceramic Transactions, Volume 264, Proceedings of the 12th Pacific Rim Conference on Ceramic and Glass Technology Dileep Singh, Manabu Fukushima, Young-Wook Kim, Kiyoshi Shimamura, Nobuhito Imanaka, Tatsuki Ohji, Jake Amoroso, and Michael Lanagan; Editors This proceedings contains a collection of 32 papers presented at the 12th Pacific Rim Conference on Ceramic and Glass Technology (PacRim12), May 21-26, 2017 in Waikoloa, Hawaii. PacRim is a bi-annual conference held in collaboration with the ceramic societies of the Pacific Rim countries - The American Ceramic Society, The Chinese Ceramic Society, The Korean Ceramic Society, and the Australian Ceramic Society. Topics included in this collection include multiscale modeling and simulation, processing and manufacturing, nanotechnology, multifunctional materials, ceramics for energy and the environment, biomedical materials, and more

Download or read book Field Assisted Sintering written by Eugene A. Olevsky and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-09 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents the first ever scientific monograph including an in-depth analysis of all major field-assisted sintering techniques. Until now, the electromagnetic field-assisted technologies of materials processing were lacking a systematic and generalized description in one fundamental publication; this work promotes the development of generalized concepts and of comparative analyses in this emerging area of materials fabrication. This book describes modern technologies for the powder processing-based fabrication of advanced materials. New approaches for the development of well-tailored and stable structures are thoroughly discussed. Since the potential of traditional thermo-mechanical methods of material treatment is limited due to inadequate control during processing, the book addresses ways to more accurately control the resultant material's structure and properties by an assisting application of electro-magnetic fields. The book describes resistance sintering, high-voltage consolidation, sintering by low-voltage electric pulses (including spark plasma sintering), flash sintering, microwave sintering, induction heating sintering, magnetic pulse compaction and other field-assisted sintering techniques. Includes an in-depth analysis of all major field-assisted sintering techniques; Explains new techniques and approaches for material treatment; Provides detailed descriptions of spark plasma sintering, microwave sintering, high-voltage consolidation, magnetic pulse compaction, and various other approaches when field-assisted treatment is applied.

Download or read book Spark Plasma Sintering of Materials written by Pasquale Cavaliere and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-18 with total page 767 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes spark plasma sintering (SPS) in depth. It addresses fundamentals and material-specific considerations, techniques, and applications across a broad spectrum of materials. The book highlights methods used to consolidate metallic or ceramic particles in very short times. It highlights the production of complex alloys and metal matrix composites with enhanced mechanical and wear properties. Emphasis is placed on the speed of the sintering processes, uniformity in product microstructure and properties, reduced grain growth, the compaction and sintering of materials in one processing step, various materials processing, and high energy efficiency. Current and potential applications in space science and aeronautics, automation, mechanical engineering, and biomedicine are addressed throughout the book.

Download or read book Ceramic Nanocomposites written by Rajat Banerjee and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ceramic nanocomposites have been found to have improved hardness, strength, toughness and creep resistance compared to conventional ceramic matrix composites. Ceramic nanocomposites reviews the structure and properties of these nanocomposites as well as manufacturing and applications.Part one looks at the properties of different ceramic nanocomposites, including thermal shock resistance, flame retardancy, magnetic and optical properties as well as failure mechanisms. Part two deals with the different types of ceramic nanocomposites, including the use of ceramic particles in metal matrix composites, carbon nanotube-reinforced glass-ceramic matrix composites, high temperature superconducting ceramic nanocomposites and ceramic particle nanofluids. Part three details the processing of nanocomposites, including the mechanochemical synthesis of metallic–ceramic composite powders, sintering of ultrafine and nanosized ceramic and metallic particles and the surface treatment of carbon nanotubes using plasma technology. Part four explores the applications of ceramic nanocomposites in such areas as energy production and the biomedical field.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Ceramic nanocomposites is a technical guide for professionals requiring knowledge of ceramic nanocomposites, and will also offer a deeper understanding of the subject for researchers and engineers within any field dealing with these materials. - Reviews the structure and properties of ceramic nanocomposites as well as their manufacturing and applications - Examines properties of different ceramic nanocomposites, as well as failure mechanisms - Details the processing of nanocomposites and explores the applications of ceramic nanocomposites in areas such as energy production and the biomedical field

Download or read book Nanoparticulate Materials written by Kathy Lu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-25 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Serving as the only systematic and comprehensive treatment on the topic of nanoparticle-based materials, this book covers synthesis, characterization, assembly, shaping and sintering of all types of nanoparticles including metals, ceramics, and semiconductors. A single-authored work, it is suitable as a graduate-level text in nanomaterials courses.

Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 974 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sintering Technology written by Randall M. German and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-09-30 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the sintering conference held at the Pennsylvania State University, USA, this text presents advances in the application of sintering to the most important industrial materials. It offers results on both solid-state and microphase sintering as well as microstructure evolution, and introduces new applications, processes, materials and solutions to technical problems.

Download or read book Sintering of Ceramics written by Arunachalam Lakshmanan and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-03-02 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chapters covered in this book include emerging new techniques on sintering. Major experts in this field contributed to this book and presented their research. Topics covered in this publication include Spark plasma sintering, Magnetic Pulsed compaction, Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic technology for the preparation of 3-dimesinal circuits, Microwave sintering of thermistor ceramics, Synthesis of Bio-compatible ceramics, Sintering of Rare Earth Doped Bismuth Titanate Ceramics prepared by Soft Combustion, nanostructured ceramics, alternative solid-state reaction routes yielding densified bulk ceramics and nanopowders, Sintering of intermetallic superconductors such as MgB2, impurity doping in luminescence phosphors synthesized using soft techniques, etc. Other advanced sintering techniques such as radiation thermal sintering for the manufacture of thin film solid oxide fuel cells are also described.

Download or read book Ceramic Lasers written by Akio Ikesue and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-05-23 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until recently, ceramic materials were considered unsuitable for optics due to the numerous scattering sources, such as grain boundaries and residual pores. However, in the 1990s the technology to generate a coherent beam from ceramic materials was developed, and a highly efficient laser oscillation was realized. In the future, the technology derived from the development of the ceramic laser could be used to develop new functional passive and active optics. Co-authored by one of the pioneers of this field, the book describes the fabrication technology and theoretical characterization of ceramic material properties. It describes novel types of solid lasers and other optics using ceramic materials to demonstrate the application of ceramic gain media in the generation of coherent beams and light amplification. This is an invaluable guide for physicists, materials scientists and engineers working on laser ceramics.

Download or read book Spinel Nanoferrites written by Surender K. Sharma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-29 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the complexity of spinel nanoferrites, their synthesis, physio-chemical properties and prospective applications in the area of advanced electronics, microwave devices, biotechnology as well as biomedical sciences. It presents an overview of spinel nanoferrites: synthesis, properties and applications for a wide audience: from beginners and graduate-level students up to advanced specialists in both academic and industrial sectors. There are 15 chapters organized into four main sections. The first section of the book introduces the readers to spinel ferrites and their applications in advanced electronics industry including microwave devices, whereas the second section mainly focus on the synthesis strategy and their physio-chemical properties. The last sections of the book highlight the importance of this class of nanomaterials in the field of biotechnology and biomedical sector with a special chapter on water purification.

Download or read book Sintering Applications written by Burcu Ertug and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-02-06 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sintering is one of the final stages of ceramics fabrication and is used to increase the strength of the compacted material. In the Sintering of Ceramics section, the fabrication of electronic ceramics and glass-ceramics were presented. Especially dielectric properties were focused on. In other chapters, sintering behaviour of ceramic tiles and nano-alumina were investigated. Apart from oxides, the sintering of non-oxide ceramics was examined. Sintering the metals in a controlled atmosphere furnace aims to bond the particles together metallurgically. In the Sintering of Metals section, two sections dealt with copper containing structures. The sintering of titanium alloys is another topic focused in this section. The chapter on lead and zinc covers the sintering in the field of extractive metallurgy. Finally two more chapter focus on the basics of sintering,i.e viscous flow and spark plasma sintering.

Download or read book Cerium Oxide CeO2 Synthesis Properties and Applications written by Salvatore Scire and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-08-21 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cerium Oxide (CeO2): Synthesis, Properties and Applications provides an updated and comprehensive account of the research in the field of cerium oxide based materials. The book is divided into three main blocks that deal with its properties, synthesis and applications. Special attention is devoted to the growing number of applications of ceria based materials, including their usage in industrial and environmental catalysis and photocatalysis, energy production and storage, sensors, cosmetics, radioprotection, glass technology, pigments, stainless steel and toxicology. A brief historical introduction gives users background, and a final chapter addresses future perspectives and outlooks to stimulate future research. The book is intended for a wide audience, including students, academics and industrial researchers working in materials science, chemistry and physics. - Addresses a wide range of applications of ceria-based materials, including catalysis, energy production and storage, sensors, cosmetics and toxicology - Provides the fundamentals of ceria-based materials, including synthesis methods, materials properties, toxicology and surface chemistry - Includes nanostructured ceria-based materials and a discussion of future prospects and outlooks

Download or read book Chemically Deposited Nanocrystalline Metal Oxide Thin Films written by Fabian I. Ezema and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-26 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book guides beginners in the areas of thin film preparation, characterization, and device making, while providing insight into these areas for experts. As chemically deposited metal oxides are currently gaining attention in development of devices such as solar cells, supercapacitors, batteries, sensors, etc., the book illustrates how the chemical deposition route is emerging as a relatively inexpensive, simple, and convenient solution for large area deposition. The advancement in the nanostructured materials for the development of devices is fully discussed.

Download or read book Spark Plasma Sintering written by Giacomo Cao and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-06-12 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spark Plasma Sintering: Current Status, New Developments and Challenges looks at the progress made in the field of SPS. It includes a review of the scientific mechanisms, materials synthesis and industry applications for this processing technique. Chapters are written by leading experts in the field, encompassing topics surrounding the densification mechanism and microstructure evolution, the classification of high-performance materials, a review of numerical simulation, discussions of new technology advances, such as HP-SPS, flash sintering and related challenges. This book will be useful for researchers, engineers and students within the materials science and engineering fields.

Download or read book Sintering of Ceramics written by Mohamed N. Rahaman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-07-06 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sintering of Ceramics provides the only comprehensive treatment of the theories and principles of sintering and their application to the production of advanced ceramics with the required target microstructure. Stemming from the author's bestselling text, Ceramic Processing and Sintering, this book includes additional material selected

Download or read book Mechanochemistry in Nanoscience and Minerals Engineering written by Peter Balaz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-20 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanochemistry as a branch of solid state chemistry enquires into processes which proceed in solids due to the application of mechanical energy. This provides a thorough, up to date overview of mechanochemistry of solids and minerals. Applications of mechanochemistry in nanoscience with special impact on nanogeoscience are described. Selected advanced identification methods, most frequently applied in nanoscience, are described as well as the advantage of mechanochemical approach in minerals engineering. Examples of industrial applications are given. Mechanochemical technology is being applied in many industrial fields: powder metallurgy (synthesis of nanometals, alloys and nanocompounds), building industry (activation of cements), chemical industry (solid waste treatment, catalyst synthesis, coal ashes utilization), minerals engineering (ore enrichment, enhancement of processes of extractive metallurgy), agriculture industry (solubility increase of fertilizers), and pharmaceutical industry (improvement of solubility and bioavailability of drugs). This reference serves as an introduction to newcomers to mechanochemistry, and encourages more experienced researchers to broaden their knowledge and discover novel applications in the field.