Download or read book Synthesis Characterization and Polymer Diffusion Studies of Poly vinyl Acetate Copolymer Latexes microform written by Jun Wu and published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. This book was released on 2004 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the second part of this thesis, I describe the influence of a water-soluble polymer (PVOH) on rates of polymer diffusion. In the presence of 2 to 17 wt% PVOH, the polymer diffusion rates in P(MMA-co-BA) latex films were retarded. The magnitude of the effect increased with the amount of PVOH present, and the effect was larger at 45°C than at 63°C. I show that the PVOH has its largest influence at the very early stages of polymer diffusion. The presence of post-added PVOH also retarded the polymer diffusion in the M250k P(VAc-DBM) latex films, while the presence of grafted PVOH significantly promoted the polymer diffusion rate and this effect increased with an increase of the degree of PVOH grafting. In the first part of this thesis, I describe polymer diffusion in films prepared from poly(vinyl acetate-co-dibutyl maleate) [P(VAc-DBM)] latex dispersions. Two sets of polymers were investigated, one set containing 50% gel (high-M), the other set, with Mw & ap; 250,000 (M250K), free of a measurable gel content. Polymer diffusion was monitored with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (ET) technique and apparent diffusion coefficients (D app) were calculated. These values increased with temperature, and were characterized by apparent activation energy (Ea) of 37 kcal/mol for the high-M polymer and 45 kcal/mol for the M250K sample. The difference in E a values for the polymer diffusion can be ascribed to changes in the microscopic friction coefficient zeta0 and the differences in Tg of the two sets of samples. Another finding is that the polymer diffusion rate depends primarily on the molecular weight and degree of branching of the diffusing species and is much less sensitive to the cross-linked nature of the matrix present in one of the samples. Finally, I describe the synthesis of dye-labeled poly(vinyl acetate- co-ethylene) (EVA) latexes for ET experiments. I show that polymer diffusion in these EVA latex films was so rapid that mixing was complete by the time when the film was dry. I attribute this to a low T g of the EVA and low monomeric friction coefficient zeta0 at temperatures close to its Tg.
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Dye labeled Poly vinyl Acetate butyl Acrylate Latex Particles and Their Application to Film Formation and Polymer Interdiffusion microform written by Jung Kwon Oh and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 2004 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Different dye-labeled latex particles were synthesized. Donor-labeled P(VAc-BA) latex particles were prepared with phenanthrene (Phe) as the donor group. Attempts to synthesize latex particles labeled with anthracene (An) as the corresponding acceptor group failed because An derivatives inhibited VAc polymerization. New polymerizable dimethylaminobenzophenone (NBen) derivatives were developed. These NBen derivatives proved to be useful energy transfer acceptors for Phe and they were compatible with VAc polymerization. A broad series of P(VAc-BA) latex particles labeled with Phe and with NBen were prepared. These latex particles contain significant amounts of gel. This gel has a strong influence on polymer diffusion in latex films. The amount of gel in the polymer could be reduced or eliminated by adding a chain transfer agent to the polymerization reaction. This thesis describes experiments that examine film formation and polymer diffusion in poly(vinyl acetate-butyl acrylate) (P(VAc-BA)) latex films. From a practical perspective, this copolymer was chosen as a model for architectural coatings. From a theoretical perspective, this polymer allowed us to investigate polymer diffusion in films of randomly branched polymers. Polymer diffusion was studied by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (ET) measurements. This methodology requires latex particles labeled with donor and acceptor dyes. Fluorescence decay measurements of ET efficiency were used to study polymer diffusion in films of these latex samples. The most important variables that affect the polymer diffusion rate are temperature, molar mass, the nature of phase separation in the latex polymers, and the presence of gel. It was found that temperature enhances the rate of polymer diffusion, while high molar mass and a phase-separated morphology largely slow the rate of polymer diffusion. The presence of gel limits full mixing of polymers in these latex films.
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of alpha 2 acetylethenyl poly vinyl Acetate and alpha 4 acetylbutadienyl poly vinyl Acetate Macromonomers written by Edward J. Blok and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Vinyl Acetate Emulsion Polymerization and Copolymerization with Acrylic Monomers written by Yildirim H. Erbil and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-03-22 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The versatility of the emulsion copolymerization reaction and the ability to control the properties of the final latices have led to rapid expansion both in the quantity of polyvinylacetate and vinyl acetate-acrylic copolymer latices and in their applications. Vinyl Acetate Emulsion Polymerization and Copolymerization with Acrylic Monomers provides
Download or read book Preparation Characterization and Diffusion Studies of Emulsifier free Polymer Latexes written by Clement Nnamdi Onyenemezu and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polymer Latexes written by Eric S. Daniels and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Synthesis and Application of Photoreactive Polyvinyl Acetate and Polyvinyl Alcohol Copolymers written by Jochen Michael Graf and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Polymer Blends written by Sabu Thomas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-09 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filling the gap for a reference dedicated to the characterization of polymer blends and their micro and nano morphologies, this book provides comprehensive, systematic coverage in a one-stop, two-volume resource for all those working in the field. Leading researchers from industry and academia, as well as from government and private research institutions around the world summarize recent technical advances in chapters devoted to their individual contributions. In so doing, they examine a wide range of modern characterization techniques, from microscopy and spectroscopy to diffraction, thermal analysis, rheology, mechanical measurements and chromatography. These methods are compared with each other to assist in determining the best solution for both fundamental and applied problems, paying attention to the characterization of nanoscale miscibility and interfaces, both in blends involving copolymers and in immiscible blends. The thermodynamics, miscibility, phase separation, morphology and interfaces in polymer blends are also discussed in light of new insights involving the nanoscopic scale. Finally, the authors detail the processing-morphology-property relationships of polymer blends, as well as the influence of processing on the generation of micro and nano morphologies, and the dependence of these morphologies on the properties of blends. Hot topics such as compatibilization through nanoparticles, miscibility of new biopolymers and nanoscale investigations of interfaces in blends are also addressed. With its application-oriented approach, handpicked selection of topics and expert contributors, this is an outstanding survey for anyone involved in the field of polymer blends for advanced technologies.
Download or read book Structure Property Relationships in Polymers written by Charles E. Carraher Jr. and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first concern of scientists who are interested in synthetic polymers has always been, and still is: How are they synthesized? But right after this comes the question: What have I made, and for what is it good? This leads to the important topic of the structure-property relations to which this book is devoted. Polymers are very large and very complicated systems; their character ization has to begin with the chemical composition, configuration, and con formation of the individual molecule. The first chapter is devoted to this broad objective. The immediate physical consequences, discussed in the second chapter, form the basis for the physical nature of polymers: the supermolecular interactions and arrangements of the individual macromolecules. The third chapter deals with the important question: How are these chemical and physical structures experimentally determined? The existing methods for polymer characterization are enumerated and discussed in this chapter. The following chapters go into more detail. For most applications-textiles, films, molded or extruded objects of all kinds-the mechanical and the thermal behaviors of polymers are of pre ponderant importance, followed by optical and electric properties. Chapters 4 through 9 describe how such properties are rooted in and dependent on the chemical structure. More-detailed considerations are given to certain particularly important and critical properties such as the solubility and permeability of polymeric systems. Macromolecules are not always the final goal of the chemist-they may act as intermediates, reactants, or catalysts. This topic is presented in Chapters 10 and 11.
Download or read book Polyelectrolytes and Nanoparticles written by Joachim Koetz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-20 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This lab manual guides chemists through demonstrations of synergistic effects between polyelectrolytes and nanoparticles. After a short introduction into the field of polyelectrolytes and polyelectrolyte characterization, the book discusses the role of polyelectrolytes in the process of nanoparticle formation. The book also explains methods for characterization of the polyelectrolyte-modified nanoparticles.
Download or read book Sustainable Polymers from Biomass written by Chuanbing Tang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-02-21 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering a unique perspective summarizing research on this timely important topic around the globe, this book provides comprehensive coverage of how molecular biomass can be transformed into sustainable polymers. It critically discusses and compares a few classes of biomass - oxygen-rich, hydrocarbon-rich, hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon (including carbon dioxide) as well as natural polymers - and equally includes products that are already commercialized. A must-have for both newcomers to the field as well as established researchers in both academia and industry.
Download or read book Light Scattering from Polymer Solutions and Nanoparticle Dispersions written by Wolfgang Schärtl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-13 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light scattering is a very powerful method for characterizing the structure of polymers and nanoparticles in solution. As part of the Springer Laboratory series, this book provides a simple-to-read and illustrative textbook probing the seemingly very complicated topic of light scattering from polymers and nanoparticles in dilute solution, and goes further to cover some of the latest technical developments in experimental light scattering.
Download or read book Biopolymers from Renewable Resources written by David L. Kaplan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biopolymers from Renewable Resources is a compilation of information on the diverse and useful polymers derived from agricultural, animal, and microbial sources. The volume provides insight into the diversity of polymers obtained directly from, or derived from, renewable resources. The beneficial aspects of utilizing polymers from renewable resources, when considering synthesis, pro cessing, disposal, biodegradability, and overall material life-cycle issues, suggests that this will continue to be an important and growing area of interest. The individual chapters provide information on synthesis, processing and properties for a variety of polyamides, polysaccharides, polyesters and polyphenols. The reader will have a single volume that provides a resource from which to gain initial insights into this diverse field and from which key references and contacts can be drawn. Aspects of biology, biotechnology, polymer synthesis, polymer processing and engineering, mechanical properties and biophysics are addressed to varying degrees for the specific biopolymers. The volume can be used as a reference book or as a teaching text. At the more practical level, the range of important materials derived from renewable resources is both extensive and impressive. Gels, additives, fibers, coatings and films are generated from a variety of the biopolymers reviewed in this volume. These polymers are used in commodity materials in our everyday lives, as well as in specialty products.
Download or read book Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers written by Jan W. Gooch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-08 with total page 1048 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference, in its second edition, contains more than 7,500 polymeric material terms, including the names of chemicals, processes, formulae, and analytical methods that are used frequently in the polymer and engineering fields. In view of the evolving partnership between physical and life sciences, this title includes an appendix of biochemical and microbiological terms (thus offering previously unpublished material, distinct from all competitors.) Each succinct entry offers a broadly accessible definition as well as cross-references to related terms. Where appropriate to enhance clarity further, the volume's definitions may also offer equations, chemical structures, and other figures. The new interactive software facilitates easy access to a large database of chemical structures (2D/3D-view), audio files for pronunciation, polymer science equations and many more.
Download or read book Plastic Packaging written by Otto G. Piringer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-06-25 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plastics are the most important class of packaging materials. This successful handbook, now in its second edition, covers all important aspects of plastic packaging and the interdisciplinary knowledge needed by food chemists, pharmaceutical chemists, food technologists, materials scientists, process engineers, and product developers alike. This is an indispensable resource in the search for the optimal plastic packaging. Materials characteristics, additives and their effects, mass transport phenomena, quality assurance, and recent regulatory requirements from FDA and European Commission are covered in detail with ample data.
Download or read book Metal Nanoparticles in Microbiology written by Mahendra Rai and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-02 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following an introduction to biogenic metal nanoparticles, this book presents how they can be biosynthesized using bacteria, fungi and yeast, as well as their potential applications in biomedicine. It is shown that the synthesis of nanoparticles using microbes is eco-friendly and results in reproducible metal nanoparticles of well-defined sizes, shapes and structures. This biotechnological approach based on the process of biomineralization exploits the effectiveness and flexibility of biological systems. Chapters include practical protocols for microbial synthesis of nanoparticles and microbial screening methods for isolating a specific nanoparticle producer as well as reviews on process optimization, industrial scale production, biomolecule-nanoparticle interactions, magnetosomes, silver nanoparticles and their numerous applications in medicine, and the application of gold nanoparticles in developing sensitive biosensors.
Download or read book Atlas of Plastics Additives written by Dietrich O. Hummel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A must for experts in industry, this book describes the application of vibrational (FTIR, UV, Raman) and mass spectrometries and other instrumental techniques for identification and structure elucidation of plastics additives. Numerous tables and figures compress the state of the art.
