Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Ionic Liquid Monomers and Polymers Derived from 2 substituted 1 3 dialkyl 4 5 vinylimidazolium Salts written by Fan Yang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In the present research, 1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-vinylimidazolium trifluoromethane sulfonate (triflate) was synthesized and polymerized. This is the first report of the synthesis and polymerization of this ionic liquid monomer. The resulting polymer was characterized by NMR, GPC and thermal analysis (DSC and TGA). The number average molecular weight of the polymer was ~39,600 g/mol (PD=1.75). The polymer was ion-exchanged to create the trifluoromethyl sulfonylimide (TSFI) and hexafluorophosphate (PF6−) polymer derivatives. Poly(1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-vinylimidazolium triflate) and poly(1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-vinylimidazolium TFSI) were characterized by TGA and all the three polymers were characterized by DSC. The TGA showed that poly(1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-vinylimidazolium triflate) and poly(1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-vinylimidazolium TFSI) had the same decomposition temperature profiles, with mass loss beginning at 400°C and ending at 510°C. Glass transition characteristics were evaluated by DSC. Poly(1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-vinylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) exhibited the lowest onset glass transition temperature, 78°C, as compared to 94°C for poly(1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-vinylimidazolium triflate) and 96°C for poly(1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-vinylimidazolium TFSI)."--Abstract.

Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Poly ionic Liquids Derived from 1 ethyl 3 methyl 4 vinylimidazolium Triflate written by Darren M. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In the present research, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-4-vinylimidazolium trifluoromethane sulfonate (triflate) was synthesized and polymerized. For comparative purposes, 1-ethyl-3-vinylimidazolium triflate and its polymer was also prepared. Zwitterionic propane sulfonate derivatives of 1-methyl-5-vinylimidazole and 1-vinylimidazole were also synthesized and polymerized. Poly(1-ethyl-3-methyl-4-vinylimidazolium triflate) and poly(3-ethyl-1-vinylimidazolium triflate) were characterized by means of TGA, GPC, and DSC. The TGA showed that poly(1-ethyl-3-methyl-4-vinylimidazolium triflate) had a higher decomposition temperature range, 467-527oC, than poly(3-ethyl-1-vinylimidazolium triflate), 400-448oC. Poly(styrene) equivalent molecular weights were evaluated by GPC in DMF. Poly(1-ethyl-3-methyl-4-vinylimidazolium triflate) had a Mn = 13,000 g/mol (Mw = 14,500 g/mol, PD = 1.11) and poly(3-ethyl-1-vinylimidazolium triflate) had a Mn = 15,700 g/mol (Mw = 19,000 g/mol, PD = 1.21). Glass transition characteristics were evaluated by DSC. Poly(3-ethyl-1-vinylimidazolium triflate) exhibited an onset Tg of 127-129oC; that for poly(1-ethyl-3-methyl-4-vinylimidazolium triflate) was 115oC. The 1-vinylimidazolium triflate polymer was anion exchanged to create a family of polymers with anions consisting of (CN)2N-, (CF3SO2)2N-, BF4-, PF6-, AsF6-, CF3SO3-. This family of polymer salts was characterized by DSC and the lowest onset Tg 84oC, was exhibited by the (CF3SO2)2N- salt. In the salts with fluorinated anions of similar geometry, the larger the anion, AsF6-, exhibited an onset Tg of 119oC. The polymer with the smaller PF6- anion exhibited an onset Tg, of 172oC. A copolymer of 1-ethyl-3-methyl-4-vinylimidazolium triflate and 1-methyl-5-vinylimidazole was synthesized. This copolymer was also anion-exchanged to create a family of polymers with (CN)2N-, (CF3SO2)2N-, BF4-, PF6-, AsF6-, CF3SO3 anions. DSC analysis of this family of copolymers revealed a similar trend in onset glass transition temperatures to that observed with the poly(1-ethyl-3-vinylimidazolium) salts."--Abstract.

Download or read book Polyimides and Other High temperature Polymers written by K. L. Mittal and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2009-04-24 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topics covered in this proceedings volume include: Synthesis, characterization and processing (including some novel approaches) of a variety of polyimides and other high temperature polymers; structure-property relationships; segmental dynamics in polyimide materials; photoalignable polyimides; photoconductivity and photosensitivity of polyimides; ultrafiltration membranes from polyetherimide; polymer materials for nonlinear optical applications; alignment of SWNTs in rigid-rod polymer compositions; surface modification of polyimide; adhesion of Cu to polyimide surfaces; and polyimide erosion in a low Earth orbit space environment.

Download or read book Polymerized Ionic Liquids written by Ali Eftekhari and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The applications of ionic liquids can be enormously expanded by arranging the organic ions in the form of a polymer architecture. Polymerized ionic liquids (PILs), also known as poly(ionic liquid)s or polymeric ionic liquids, provide almost all features of ionic polymers plus a rare versatility in design. The mechanical properties of the solid or solid-like polymers can also be controlled by external stimuli, the basis for designing smart materials. Known for over four decades, PILs are a member of the ionic polymers family. Although the previous forms of ionic polymers have a partial ionicity, PILs are entirely composed of ions. Therefore, they offer a better flexibility for designing a responsive architecture as smart materials. Despite the terminology, PILs can be synthesized from solid organic ionic salts since the monomer liquidity is not a requirement for the polymerization process. Ionicity can also be induced to a neutral polymer by post-polymerization treatments. This is indeed an emerging field whose capabilities have been somehow overshadowed by the popularity of ionic liquids. However, recent reports in the literature have shown impressive potentials for the future. Written by leading authors, the present book provides a comprehensive overview of this exciting area, discussing various aspects of PILs and their applications as smart materials. Owing to the novelty of this area of research, the book will appeal to a broad readership including students and researchers from materials science, polymer science, chemistry, and physics.

Download or read book Ionic Liquids in Polymer Systems written by Robin D. Rogers and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes manuscripts from well-recognized international research groups that have taken different approaches to using ionic liquids in a variety of polymer applications. The chapters on polymer synthesis cover traditional free radical polymerizations, which have been shown to progress rapidly and yield high molecular weight polymers, and reverse atom transfer polymerizations. The ability to tune molecular weights and synthesize block copolymers has been attributed to long free radical lifetimes in ionic liquids. Other chapters cover a variety of uses for ionic liquids in polymer processing, designing specific material properties, and creating novel composites, such as ion gels and ionic liquid-carbon nanotube constructs. This book represents a new and exciting field in polymer chemistry and physics, and is growing rapidly as more fundamental knowledge of ionic liquids is uncovered.

Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Conjugated Polymers and Small Molecules for Photovoltaic Applications written by Robert James Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation describes the synthesis and characterization of several novel conjugated polymers and small molecules for use in research on organic photovoltaics (i.e. polymer solar cells/organic solar cells). Chapter 1 is an introductory chapter that briefly introduces semiconducting polymers and gives a brief overview of their use in polymer solar cells. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis and characterization of the conjugated polyelectrolyte, poly{(4,4-bis(3'-(N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylammonio)propyl)cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene)-2,6-diyl-alt-(thiophene-2,5-diyl)} bromide (PCT). Chapter 3 describes the synthesis and characterization of a series of conjugated polymers containing substituted dithieno[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine monomer units, and also describes the fabrication and analysis of solar cells devices made from these materials. Chapter 4 describes the synthesis and characterization of a series of conjugated polymers and small molecules based on the condensation of various aromatic o-diamines with o-diketones to produce novel N-heteroacenes. Chapter 5 gives a brief review of the work reported in this dissertation and provides suggestions for future work that can be built on those findings.

Download or read book Synthesis and Polymerization of Metal Containing Monomers written by Anatoly D. Pomogailo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-08-10 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book overviews methods for the synthesis of metal-containing monomers with various types of metal bonds to the organic moiety of the molecule, such as ionic, covalent, donor-acceptor, and others. Published data on homopolymerization, copolymerization, and graft polymerization of these monomers are generalized. Synthesis and Polymerization of Metal-Containing Monomers discusses features typical of the molecular and structural organization of the resulting metal-containing polymers, their properties and the associated major applications, such as catalytical and biological activity, electrophysical characteristics, and thermal resistance.

Download or read book The Monomer and Polymer Chemistry of 4 5 dicyano 2 vinylimidazoles written by David Michael Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Polyimides and Other High Temperature Polymers Synthesis Characterization and Applications Volume 3 written by K. L. Mittal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-04-18 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topics covered in this proceedings volume include: Synthesis, characterization and processing (including some novel approaches) of a variety of polyimides and other high temperature polymers; structure-property relationships; segmental dynamics in polyimide materials; photoalignable polyimides; photoconductivity and photosensitivity of polyimides; ultrafiltration membranes from polyetherimide; polymer materials for nonlinear optical applications; alignment of SWNTs in rigid-rod polymer compositions; surface modification of polyimide; adhesion of Cu to polyimide surfaces; and polyimide erosion in a low Earth orbit space environment.

Download or read book Advanced Applications of Ionic Liquids written by Jamal Akhter Siddique and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-11-02 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Applications of Ionic Liquids discusses the intersection of nanotechnology with ionic liquids (ILs) and materials, along with opportunities for advanced engineering applications in various research fields. Novel materials at nano scales with ILs creates an upsurge in the thermal and electrochemical constancy of the nano scale particles, making them ideal for industrial applications. The implementation of ILs at nano scale includes an interaction of constituents, which is beneficial for electron transfer reactions. These new composites can be implemented as sensors, electronics, catalysts and photonics. Including ILs in polymer composites enhance electrochemical consistency, govern particle size, upsurge conductivity, reduce toxicity, and more. This book is a comprehensive reference for researchers working with IL based technologies for environmental and energy applications. Covers all industrial aspects and advanced applications of ionic liquids (ILs) Discusses the advanced applications of ILs across multiple fields, including industrial chemistry and chemical engineering Includes a discussion of the use of ionic liquids in functional polymers, with applications for catalysis, energy conservation, sensors, and more

Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Well defined Amphiphilic Ionic Copolymers written by Yuqing Liu (Polymer engineer) and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amphiphilic ionic block copolymers are promising materials for the fabrication of ion-exchange membranes in fuel cells, water purification and advanced molecular engineering applications, such as nanotemplating. For example, block copolymer architectures provide a route to fabricate membranes with tunable transport properties through polymer self assembly. A significant challenge in this field is the synthesis of amphiphilic copolymers, where the intrinsic immiscibility of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers complicates polymerization. To address the immiscibility between sodium p-styrenesulfonate and styrene monomers, styrenesulfonate monomers were neutralized by hydrophobic trialkyl ammonium salts via ion-exchange reactions, and synthesized successfully by RAFT polymerization with low polydispersity (PDI). Diblock or triblock copolymers with well-defined architectures were obtained by sequential RAFT polymerization with styrene. These sulfonate groups were then converted to the sodium salt form via ion-exchange to obtain amphiphilic ionic block copolymers. It was observed that dimethyl n-alkyl ammonium salts of polystyrenesulfonate displayed thermo-reversible gelation behavior in low polarity organic solvents. The investigation of the gelation behavior as a function of temperature, concentration, and solvent was consistent with gelation driven by the ionic aggregation of the polymer as would be expected for polyelectrolyte surfactant complexes in non-polar solvents. Cationic amphiphilic block/graft copolymers containing quaternary ammonium salts were prepared by the RAFT polymerization of polystyrene-b-poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) (PS-b-PVBC) copolymers, and sequential post-polymerization quaternization of the PVBC blocks. PS-b-PVBEA-b-PS triblock copolymers with well-defined architectures were obtained and the ion conductivity of the corresponding membranes, as well as the morphology of the membranes, was investigated. To improve the mechanical properties of the membranes, different architectures, such as pentablock, heptablock and graft copolymers, were designed and synthesized by RAFT polymerization, and chemical crosslinking was employed to improve the mechanical properties and control the swelling in water. Lastly, a new method to prepare multiblock copolymers via a facile route was developed. Polytrithiocarbonates were prepared by condensation polymerization of a dicarboxylic acid functional trithiocarbonate and a diol, and the trithiocarbonate group was controlled by tuning the amount of acid catalyst and reaction time. The polytrithiocarbonate RAFT agents were used to polymerize PS, polystyrene-b-poly (tert-butylstyrene) (PS-b-PtBS), and PS-b-PVBC. The PDI of the polymers toward 2, but the PDI of the polymer blocks between two trithiocarbonate groups was narrow (1.1-1.3 for PS and PS-b-PtBS, and 1.46 for PS-b-PVBC). The PVBC segments were quaternized to achieve anionic amphiphilic multiblock copolymers.

Download or read book Water Soluble Polymers written by Zahid Amjad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains a series of papers originally presented at the symposium on Water Soluble Polymers: Solution Properties and Applications, sponsored by the Division of Colloids and Surface Chemistry of the American Chemical Society. The symposium took place in Las Vegas City, Nevada on 9 to 11th September, 1997 at the 214th American Chemical Society National Meeting. Recognized experts in their - spective fields were invited to speak. There was a strong attendance from academia, g- ernment, and industrial research centers. The purpose of the symposium was to present and discuss recent developments in the solution properties of water soluble polymers and their applications in aqueous systems. Water soluble polymers find applications in a number of fields of which the following may be worth mentioning: cosmetics, detergent, oral care, industrial water treatment, g- thermal, wastewater treatment, water purification and reuse, pulp and paper production, sugar refining, and many more. Moreover, water soluble polymers play vital role in the oil industry, especially in enhanced oil recovery. Water soluble polymers are also used in ag- culture and controlled release pharmaceutical applications. Therefore, a fundamental kno- edge of solution properties of these polymers is essential for most industrial scientists. An understanding of the basic phenomena involved in the application of these polymers, such as adsorption and interaction with different substrates (i. e. , tooth enamel, hair, reverse - mosis membrane, heat exchanger surfaces, etc. ) is of vital importance in developing high performance formulations for achieving optimum efficiency of the system.

Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Maleimide based Polymers written by Hua-Chin Chen and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This study concerns the synthesis and characterization of maleimide-based monomers and polymers. N-phenylmaleimide, 4'-N-maleimido-2,3'- dimethylazobenzene and N-p-chlorophenylmaleimide monomers were formed by imidizing maleic anhydride with aniline, 4'-amino-2,3'-dimethylazobenzene and p-chloroaniline, respectively. But N-nitrophenylmaleimide monomer was produced from the nitration of N-phenylmaleimide monomer. The two homopolymers, poly-(N-p-chlorophenylmaleimide) and poly-(Nnitrophenylmaleimide), were synthesized by solution polymerization in toluene solvent. Poly-(Styrene-co-N-phenylmaleimide) and poly-(Styrene-co-4'-Nmaleimido- 2,3'-dimethylazobenzene), each with compositions of [50:50] and [92:8], were produced by imidizing maleic anhydride constructing commercial poly-(Styrene-co-maleic anhydride); [50:50] and [92:8]. Styrene and Nphenylmaleimide monomers were copolymerized in both solution and emulsion to form poly-(Styrene-co-N-phenylmaleimide). Likewise, styrene and 4'-Nmaleimido- 2,3'-dimethylazobenzene were copolymerized in both solution and emulsion to form poly-(Styrene-co-4'-N-maleimido-2,3'-dimethylazobenzene). In all, four maleimide monomers, two maleimide homopolymers, and eight maleimide copolymers were synthesized in this study. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry techniques were utilized to carry out qualitative and quantitative analyses. The yields of the four monomers were not as high as expected, since toluene was not as good a solvent as either xylene or ethyl ether. However, the purities of the four monomers were considered to be very high. In addition, it is seen that the nitro group was a stronger electron-withdrawing group and led to a less thermally stable polymer compared to the chloro group. Based on the FTIR spectra of these copolymers, the following observations were made: (1) the formation of N-phenylmaleimide products from the imidization of maleic anhydride was more complete than the 4'-N-maleimido- 2,3'-dimethylazobenzene products, (2) the imidization of maleic anhydride was complete for the [92:8] copolymers, but incomplete for the [50:50] copolymers, (3) polymerization reactions including both emulsion and solution polymerizations were preferred over imidization reaction, and (4) solution polymerization was more favorable in the incorporation of imide than emulsion polymerization. From the analogy of TGA and DSC characteristics, the [50:50] and [92:8] polymers were alternating and random copolymers, respectively. Polymers synthesized by emulsion and solution polymerizations were random copolymers. The emulsion polymerized materials decomposed at higher temperatures than the solution polymerized materials. Most of the copolymer products were amorphous copolymers as no crystallization or melting behavior was observed on their DSC thermograms."--Abstract.

Download or read book SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY IMIDAZOLEAMIDES AND PENDANT GROUP POLYMERS BASED ON CYANOIMIDAZOLES written by ERNEST LOUIE THURBER and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2-amino-4-cyano-1-methyl-5-imidazolecarboxylate resulted in a low yield of poly(imidazoleamide).

Download or read book Photopolymerization of Coordinated and Non coordinated Ionic Liquid Monomers written by John Whitley and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photopolymerization is an industrially important polymerization technique that has numerous advantages in comparison to other radical based processes. Previous work has shown that ionic liquid media can improve the efficiency of these reactions; however, the applicability of these solvents is limited by the challenging separation processes required to isolate polymer products. In this work, we present a new method of radical polymerization in which coordinated ionic liquids were synthesized from salts containing bulky, non-coordinating anions and polar vinyl monomers that functioned as coordinating ligands. These polymerizable coordinated ionic liquids offer many of the benefits of conventional ionic liquid media in radical polymerizations with the additional advantage of allowing for relatively simple product separations. This reaction technique was shown to be useful in the photopolymerization of both common and niche vinyl monomers using multiple bistriflimide salts. In addition, composite materials containing ionic liquids and polymerized ionic liquids have found increasing applications and we were also interested in the reaction behavior of the systems used in their preparation. To this end, we examined the polymerization kinetics of polymerizable ionic liquids in a non-polymerizable imidazolium ionic liquid using infrared spectroscopy. The reaction kinetics of the monomers in these systems were found to be affected by a combination of intermolecular interactions that likely affect the behavior of a variety of reactive systems in which ionic liquids are present.

Download or read book Polyimides and Other High Temperature Polymers written by Kash L. Mittal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-12-02 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume documents the proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Polyimides and Other High Temperature Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications, held in Newark, New Jersey, December 3-6, 2001. Polyimides possess many desirable attributes, so this class of materials has found applications in many technologies ranging from microelectronics to high temperature adhesives to membranes. This volume contains a total of 32 papers, all rigorously peer reviewed and revised before inclusion, addressing many aspects and new developments in polyimides and other high temperature polymers. The book is divided into two parts: Synthesis, Properties and Bulk Characterization and Surface Modification, Interfacial or Adhesion Aspects and Applications. The topics covered include: synthesis and characterization of a variety of polyimides; photoalignable polyimides; high-modulus poly(p-phenylenepyromellitimide) films; structure-property relationships in polyimides; aromatic benzoxazole polymers; polybenzobisthiazoles; polyimide L-B films; transport of water in high Tg polymers; surface modification of polyimides; adhesion of metal films to polyimide and other polymers; investigation of interfacial interactions between metals and polymers; polyimide film surface properties; applications of polyimides in microelectronics, as membranes for gas separation, as composite films; fabrication of thin-film transistors on polyimide films; polyimide modified with fullerenes; semicrystalline polyimides for advanced composites; and wear performance of polyetherimide composite.

Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Polymeric Ionic Liquids and Applications in Solid phase Microextraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography written by Yunjing Meng and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ionic liquids (ILs) are a class of molten salts with melting points considerably lower than conventional inorganic salts. Their unique properties make them an ideal class of separation media for various sample preparation techniques. Polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) inherit many physical properties of ILs such as high thermal stability, negligible vapor pressure, multiple solvation interactions and can easily be chemically modified to tether a variety of functional groups. In addition, PILs possess high viscosity making them amenable to forming stable, thin films on the fused silica glass fibers, a requirement of solid-phase microextraction (SPME). SPME is a high speed sample preparation technique possessing a number of advantages such as simplicity, and no organic solvent requirement. The marriage of PILs with SPME opens a new avenue in the search for new sorbent coatings. This dissertation is dedicated towards the design and synthesis of PILs and employs them as SPME sorbent coatings coupled with gas chromatography (GC). The dissertation begins with the definition of ILs. The applications of ILs in a number of sample preparation techniques are introduced. The following chapters describe the synthesis of various PILs and their application as SPME sorbent coatings for the extraction of various analytes. PILs including poly(1-vinyl-3-hexadecylimidazolium) bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide (poly([ViHDIm] [NTf2])), poly(1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-3-hexadecylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide) (poly(VBHDIm+ NTf2- )), and poly(1-vinyl-3-hexylimidazolium chloride) (poly(ViHIm+Cl- )) were synthesized. The poly([ViHDIm] [NTf2]) PIL provides stable SPME coatings for both headspace-SPME or direct-immersion SPME, and can be used at elevated temperature conditions to perform extractions. The poly(VBHDIm+ NTf2- ) PIL exhibited high affinity towards analytes bearing aromatic groups due to the presence of benzyl-functional moieties in the PIL structure. The poly(ViHIm+Cl- ) PIL demonstrated high selectivity towards polar analytes with high hydrogen bond acidity, due to the high hydrogen bond basicity of the Cl- anion in the PIL structure.