Download or read book History of the Synapse written by Max R. Bennett and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The History of the Synapse provides a history of those discoveries concerning the identification and function of synapses that provide the foundations for research during this new century with a personal view of the process by which new concepts have developed. Previously published as essays, the chapters in this book provide a history of various aspects of synaptic function, beginning with the evolution over two and a half thousand years and how progress was made in the establishment of a conceptual structure that would allow the synapse to be identified at the beginning of the 20th century. Numerous illustrations explain either the technical approach or the experimental finding.
Download or read book The Drunken Synapse written by Yuan Liu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past two years, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) has begun a series of symposia to highlight the need for more integrative re search to understand how ethanol alters behavior. Much of the research to date has dealt either at the molecular level or has been whole animal studies. More studies are needed to build our base of knowledge between these two extremes by focusing more on cellular and network levels of organization. To begin this focus on the intermediate steps in this scheme, the NIAAA presented a satellite symposium entitled "Approaches for Studying Neural Circuits: Application to Al cohol Research" held at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in Washing ton, DC, on November 16, 1996. This symposium brought together a group of scientists who presented their work on techniques used to study neural circuits. The proceedings of that symposium were published (Y. Liu (Ed.) Approaches for Studying Neural Circuits: Application to Alcohol Research. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1998 Feb; 22: 1--{j6).
Download or read book Building up the inhibitory synapse written by Enrico Cherubini and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fast inhibitory transmission exerts a powerful control on neuronal excitability and network oscillations thought to be associated with high cognitive functions. An alteration of inhibitory signaling is associated with major neurological and psychiatric disorders including epilepsy. Once released from presynaptic nerve terminals, GABA and glycine cross the synaptic cleft and bind to postsynaptic receptors localized in precise apposition to presynaptic release sites. The functional organization of inhibitory synapses consists in a dynamic process which relies on a number of highly specialized proteins that ensure the correct targeting, clustering, stabilization and subsequent fate of synaptic receptors. Among the proteins involved in this task, the tubulin-binding protein gephyrin plays a crucial role. Through its self-oligomerization properties, this protein forms hexagonal lattices that trap GABAA and glycine receptors and link them to the cytoskeleton. By directly interacting with cell-adhesion molecules of the neuroligin-neurexin families that connect presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons at synapses, gephyrin ensures a backward control of presynaptic signaling. In addition, changes in clusters size is dynamically regulated by lateral diffusion of neurotransmitter receptors between the synaptic and extrasynaptic compartments and by their interaction with synaptic scaffold proteins. The aim of this Research Topic (research articles and reviews) is to bring together experts on the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the appropriate assembly, location and function of pre and postsynaptic specializations at inhibitory synapses. A particular emphasis will be on the role of receptor trafficking in synaptic stabilization and plasticity.
Download or read book Introduction to Neural Networks written by Architecture Technology Architecture Technology Corpor and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-11-24 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Please note this is a Short Discount publication. Neural network technology has been a curiosity since the early days of computing. Research in the area went into a near dormant state for a number of years, but recently there has been a new increased interest in the subject. This has been due to a number of factors: interest in the military, apparent ease of implementation, and the ability of the technology to develop computers which are able to learn from experience. This report summarizes the topic, providing the reader with an overview of the field and its potential direction. Included is an introduction to the technology and its future directions, as well as a set of examples of possible applications and potential implementation technologies.
Download or read book Computational and Ambient Intelligence written by Francisco Sandoval and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-09-21 with total page 1192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, IWANN 2007, held in San Sebastián, Spain in June 2007. Coverage includes theoretical concepts and neurocomputational formulations, evolutionary and genetic algorithms, data analysis, signal processing, robotics and planning motor control, as well as neural networks and other machine learning methods in cancer research.
Download or read book Synapse Development and Maturation written by Pasko Rakic and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-05-29 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synapse Development and Maturation, the latest release in the Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series, presents the latest information on the genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms of neural development. The book provides a much-needed update that underscores the latest research in this rapidly evolving field, with new section editors discussing the technological advances that are enabling the pursuit of new research on brain development. This volume focuses on the synaptogenesis and developmental sequences in the maturation of intrinsic and synapse-driven patterns. Features leading experts in various subfields as section editors and article authors Presents articles that have been peer reviewed to ensure accuracy, thoroughness and scholarship Includes coverage of mechanisms which regulate synapse formation and maintenance during development Covers neural activity, from cell-intrinsic maturation, to early correlated patterns of activity
Download or read book Synaptic Plasticity for Neuromorphic Systems written by Christian Mayr and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-06-26 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most striking properties of biological systems is their ability to learn and adapt to ever changing environmental conditions, tasks and stimuli. It emerges from a number of different forms of plasticity, that change the properties of the computing substrate, mainly acting on the modification of the strength of synaptic connections that gate the flow of information across neurons. Plasticity is an essential ingredient for building artificial autonomous cognitive agents that can learn to reliably and meaningfully interact with the real world. For this reason, the neuromorphic community at large has put substantial effort in the design of different forms of plasticity and in putting them to practical use. These plasticity forms comprise, among others, Short Term Depression and Facilitation, Homeostasis, Spike Frequency Adaptation and diverse forms of Hebbian learning (e.g. Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity). This special research topic collects the most advanced developments in the design of the diverse forms of plasticity, from the single circuit to the system level, as well as their exploitation in the implementation of cognitive systems.
Download or read book Functional Connections of Cortical Areas written by S. Murray Sherman and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2013-08-09 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two leading authorities on thalamocortical connections consider how the neural circuits of the brain relate to our actions and perceptions. In this book, two leading authorities on the thalamus and its relationship to cortex build on their earlier findings to arrive at new ways of thinking about how the brain relates to the world, to cognition, and behavior. Based on foundations established earlier in their book Exploring the Thalamus and Its Role in Cortical Function, the authors consider the implications of these ground rules for thalamic inputs, thalamocortical connections, and cortical outputs. The authors argue that functional and structural analyses of pathways connecting thalamus and cortex point beyond these to lower centers and through them to the body and the world. Each cortical area depends on the messages linking it to body and world. These messages relate to the way we act and think; each cortical area receives thalamic inputs and has outputs to motor centers. Sherman and Guillery go on to discuss such topics as the role of branching axons that carry motor instructions as well as copies of these motor instructions for relay to cortex under the control of the thalamic gate. This gate allows the thalamus to control the passage of information on the basis of which cortex relates to the rest of the nervous system.
Download or read book Physical neuromorphic computing and its industrial applications written by Toshiyuki Yamane and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-08-02 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book How Brains Make Up Their Minds written by Walter J. Freeman and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I think, therefore I am. The legendary pronouncement of philosopher René Descartes lingers as accepted wisdom in the Western world nearly four centuries after its author's death. But does thought really come first? Who actually runs the show: we, our thoughts, or the neurons firing within our brains? Walter J. Freeman explores how we control our behavior and make sense of the world around us. Avoiding determinism both in sociobiology, which proposes that persons' genes control their brains' functioning, and in neuroscience, which posits that their brains' disposition is molded by chemistry and environmental forces, Freeman charts a new course--one that gives individuals due credit and responsibility for their actions. Drawing upon his five decades of research in neuroscience, Freeman utilizes the latest advances in his field as well as perspectives from disciplines as diverse as mathematics, psychology, and philosophy to explicate how different human brains act in their chosen diverse ways. He clarifies the implications of brain imaging, by which neural activity can be observed during the course of normal movements, and shows how nonlinear dynamics reveals order within the fecund chaos of brain function.
Download or read book FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY CELL BIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICS Volume III written by Ralph Kirby, T.G. Downing and M.I.El Gohary and published by EOLSS Publications. This book was released on 2010-04-24 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Biophysics is a component of Encyclopedia Of Biological, Physiological And Health Sciences in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. This 3-volume set contains several chapters, each of size 5000-30000 words, with perspectives, issues on. Biological Science Foundations; Organic Chemicals Involved In Life Processes; Carbon Fixation; Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration; Biochemistry; Inorganic Biochemistry; Soil Biochemistry; Organic Chemistry And Biological Systems -Biochemistry; Eukaryote Cell Biology; Cell Theory, Properties Of Cells And Their Diversity; Cell Morphology And Organization; Cell Nucleus And Chromatin Structure; Organelles And Other Structures In Cell Biology; Mitosis, Cytokines is, Meiosis And Apoptosis; Cell Growth Regulation, Transformation And Metastases; Networks In Cell Biology; Microbiology; Prokaryotic Cell Structure And Function; Prokaryotic Diversity; Prokaryote Genetics; Prokaryotic Growth, Nutrition And Physiology; An Introductory Treatise On Biophysics; Mathematical Models In Biophysics. It is aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students, Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy Analysts, Managers, and Decision Makers.
Download or read book Models of Neural Networks written by Eytan Domany and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the appearance of Vol. 1 of Models of Neural Networks in 1991, the theory of neural nets has focused on two paradigms: information coding through coherent firing of the neurons and functional feedback. Information coding through coherent neuronal firing exploits time as a cardinal degree of freedom. This capacity of a neural network rests on the fact that the neuronal action potential is a short, say 1 ms, spike, localized in space and time. Spatial as well as temporal correlations of activity may represent different states of a network. In particular, temporal correlations of activity may express that neurons process the same "object" of, for example, a visual scene by spiking at the very same time. The traditional description of a neural network through a firing rate, the famous S-shaped curve, presupposes a wide time window of, say, at least 100 ms. It thus fails to exploit the capacity to "bind" sets of coherently firing neurons for the purpose of both scene segmentation and figure-ground segregation. Feedback is a dominant feature of the structural organization of the brain. Recurrent neural networks have been studied extensively in the physical literature, starting with the ground breaking work of John Hop field (1982).
Download or read book Information Processing in Small Syncoder Networks written by Roger Allan Gruenke and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Brain Inspired Information Technology written by Akitoshi Hanazawa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-22 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Brain-inspired information technology" is one of key concepts for the development of information technology in the next generation. Explosive progress of computer technology has been continuing based on a simple principle called "if-then rule". This means that the programmer of software have to direct every action of the computer programs in response to various inputs. There inherently is a limitation of complexity because we human have a limited capacity for managing complex systems. Actually, many bugs, mistakes of programming, exist in computer software, and it is quite difficult to extinguish them. The parts of computer programs where computer viruses attack are also a kind of programming mistakes, called security hole. Of course, human body or nervous system is not perfect. No creator or director, however, exists for us. The function of our brain is equipped by learning, self-organization, natural selection, and etc, resulting in adaptive and flexible information system. Brain-inspired information technology is aiming to realize such nature-made information processing system by using present computer system or specific hardware. To do so, researchers in various research fields are getting together to inspire each other and challenge cooperatively for the same goal.
Download or read book Advances in Neural Networks ISNN 2004 written by Fuliang Yin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-08-11 with total page 1073 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two volume set LNCS 3173/3174 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Symposium on Neural Networks, ISNN 2004, held in Dalian, China in August 2004. The 329 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from more than 800 submissions. The papers span the entire scope of neural computing and its applications; they are organized in 11 major topical parts on theoretical analysis; learning and optimization; support vector machines; blind source separation, independent component analysis, and principal component analysis; clustering and classification; robotics and control; telecommunications; signal image, and time series analysis; biomedical applications; detection, diagnosis, and computer security; and other applications.
Download or read book Advances in Neuroimmunology written by Donna Gruol and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-03-23 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Advances in Neuroimmunology" that was published in Brain Sciences
Download or read book Event Based Neuromorphic Systems written by Shih-Chii Liu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-16 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuromorphic electronic engineering takes its inspiration from the functioning of nervous systems to build more power efficient electronic sensors and processors. Event-based neuromorphic systems are inspired by the brain's efficient data-driven communication design, which is key to its quick responses and remarkable capabilities. This cross-disciplinary text establishes how circuit building blocks are combined in architectures to construct complete systems. These include vision and auditory sensors as well as neuronal processing and learning circuits that implement models of nervous systems. Techniques for building multi-chip scalable systems are considered throughout the book, including methods for dealing with transistor mismatch, extensive discussions of communication and interfacing, and making systems that operate in the real world. The book also provides historical context that helps relate the architectures and circuits to each other and that guides readers to the extensive literature. Chapters are written by founding experts and have been extensively edited for overall coherence. This pioneering text is an indispensable resource for practicing neuromorphic electronic engineers, advanced electrical engineering and computer science students and researchers interested in neuromorphic systems. Key features: Summarises the latest design approaches, applications, and future challenges in the field of neuromorphic engineering. Presents examples of practical applications of neuromorphic design principles. Covers address-event communication, retinas, cochleas, locomotion, learning theory, neurons, synapses, floating gate circuits, hardware and software infrastructure, algorithms, and future challenges.
