Download or read book Sustaining Economic Welfare written by Kirk Hamilton and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the notable exception of China, in most countries with below-median per capita income the growth rate of the population is greater than that of total wealth. This trend is ultimately unsustainable. For many of these countries, policies for sustainability will require both boosting savings and slowing population growth.

Download or read book Sustaining Economic Welfare written by Kirk Hamilton and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the notable exception of China, in most countries with below-median per capita income the growth rate of the population is greater than that of total wealth. This trend is ultimately unsustainable. For many of these countries, policies for sustainability will require both boosting savings and slowing population growth.The World Bank's World Development Indicators 1999 highlights for the first time the quot;genuinequot; rate of saving for more than 100 countries around the globe. Genuine saving values the total change in economic assets, thereby providing an indicator of whether an economy is on a sustainable path.The Bank's new estimates of genuine saving broaden the usual national accounts definitions of assets to include human capital, minerals, energy, forest resources, and the stock of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Genuine saving measures the change in total assets rather than the change in per capita assets. Genuine saving data may answer the question, quot;Did total wealth rise or fall over the accounting period?quot; But they do not address the question of whether an economy is sustainable with a growing population. Genuine saving could be positive even though per capita wealth is declining.Hamilton explores the issue of measuring changes in per capita wealth - factoring in both growth in total assets (as measured by genuine saving) and population growth - as a more comprehensive indicator of sustainability.First he develops a theoretical approach to estimating total wealth. Then he presents cross-country estimates of changes in per capita wealth. Based on preliminary estimates, he concludes that in the majority of countries below the median per capita income, wealth is accumulating more slowly than the population is growing.This paper - a product of the Office of the Director, Environment Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to apply economic approaches to environmental management. The author may be contacted at [email protected].

Download or read book The Changing Wealth of Nations 2018 written by Glenn-Marie Lange and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-01-30 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Countries regularly track gross domestic product (GDP) as an indicator of their economic progress, but not wealth—the assets such as infrastructure, forests, minerals, and human capital that produce GDP. In contrast, corporations routinely report on both their income and assets to assess their economic health and prospects for the future. Wealth accounts allow countries to take stock of their assets to monitor the sustainability of development, an urgent concern today for all countries. The Changing Wealth of Nations 2018: Building a Sustainable Future covers national wealth for 141 countries over 20 years (1995†“2014) as the sum of produced capital, 19 types of natural capital, net foreign assets, and human capital overall as well as by gender and type of employment. Great progress has been made in estimating wealth since the fi rst volume, Where Is the Wealth of Nations? Measuring Capital for the 21st Century, was published in 2006. New data substantially improve estimates of natural capital, and, for the fi rst time, human capital is measured by using household surveys to estimate lifetime earnings. The Changing Wealth of Nations 2018 begins with a review of global and regional trends in wealth over the past two decades and provides examples of how wealth accounts can be used for the analysis of development patterns. Several chapters discuss the new work on human capital and its application in development policy. The book then tackles elements of natural capital that are not yet fully incorporated in the wealth accounts: air pollution, marine fi sheries, and ecosystems. This book targets policy makers but will engage anyone committed to building a sustainable future for the planet.

Download or read book Where is the Wealth of Nations written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents estimates of total wealth for nearly 120 countries, using economic theory to decompose the wealth of a nation into its component pieces: produced capital, natural resources and human resources. The wealth estimates provide a unique opportunity to look at economic management from a broader and comprehensive perspective. The book's basic tenet is that economic development can be conceived as a process of portfolio management, so that sustainability becomes an integral part of economic policy making. The rigorous analysis, presented in accessible format, tackles issues such as g.

Download or read book The Changing Wealth of Nations written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about development and measuring development progress. While precise definitions may vary, development is, at heart, a process of building wealth, the produced, natural, human, and institutional capital which is the source of income and wellbeing. Divided into 2 major parts, coverage includes a big picture of changes in wealth by income group and geographic region as well as case studies in wealth accounting and how it is being implemented in various countries.

Download or read book Inclusive Wealth Report 2018 written by Shunsuke Managi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-07-18 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Inclusive Wealth Index provides important insights into long-term economic growth and human well-being. The Index measures the wealth of nations through a comprehensive analysis of a country's productive base and the country’s wealth in terms of progress, well-being and long-term sustainability. It measures all assets which human well-being is based upon, in particular, produced, human and natural capital to create and maintain human well-being over time.

Download or read book Rural Wealth Creation written by John L. Pender and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-05 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the role of wealth in achieving sustainable rural economic development. The authors define wealth as all assets net of liabilities that can contribute to well-being, and they provide examples of many forms of capital – physical, financial, human, natural, social, and others. They propose a conceptual framework for rural wealth creation that considers how multiple forms of wealth provide opportunities for rural development, and how development strategies affect the dynamics of wealth. They also provide a new accounting framework for measuring wealth stocks and flows. These conceptual frameworks are employed in case study chapters on measuring rural wealth and on rural wealth creation strategies. Rural Wealth Creation makes numerous contributions to research on sustainable rural development. Important distinctions are drawn to help guide wealth measurement, such as the difference between the wealth located within a region and the wealth owned by residents of a region, and privately owned versus publicly owned wealth. Case study chapters illustrate these distinctions and demonstrate how different forms of wealth can be measured. Several key hypotheses are proposed about the process of rural wealth creation, and these are investigated by case study chapters assessing common rural development strategies, such as promoting rural energy industries and amenity-based development. Based on these case studies, a typology of rural wealth creation strategies is proposed and an approach to mapping the potential of such strategies in different contexts is demonstrated. This book will be relevant to students, researchers, and policy makers looking at rural community development, sustainable economic development, and wealth measurement.

Download or read book Wealth Welfare and Sustainability written by K. Hamilton and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2006 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book presents fresh thinking and new results on the measurement of sustainable development. Economic theory suggests that there should be a link between future wellbeing and current wealth. This book explores this linkage under a variety of headings: population growth, technological change, deforestation and natural resource trade. While the relevant theory is presented briefly, the chief emphasis is on empirical measurement of the change in real wealth: this measure of net or genuine saving is a key indicator of sustainable development. The methodological and empirical work is bolstered by tests of the predictive power of genuine saving in explaining future consumption and economic growth. Just as importantly, the authors show that many resource-abundant countries would be considerably wealthier today had they managed to save and invest the profits from natural resource exploitation in the past. Wealth, Welfare and Sustainability will be of great interest to environmental and resource economists, specialists in sustainability indicators from other disciplines and also development and growth economists.

Download or read book Health of People Health of Planet and Our Responsibility written by Wael Al-Delaimy and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-13 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book not only describes the challenges of climate disruption, but also presents solutions. The challenges described include air pollution, climate change, extreme weather, and related health impacts that range from heat stress, vector-borne diseases, food and water insecurity and chronic diseases to malnutrition and mental well-being. The influence of humans on climate change has been established through extensive published evidence and reports. However, the connections between climate change, the health of the planet and the impact on human health have not received the same level of attention. Therefore, the global focus on the public health impacts of climate change is a relatively recent area of interest. This focus is timely since scientists have concluded that changes in climate have led to new weather extremes such as floods, storms, heat waves, droughts and fires, in turn leading to more than 600,000 deaths and the displacement of nearly 4 billion people in the last 20 years. Previous work on the health impacts of climate change was limited mostly to epidemiologic approaches and outcomes and focused less on multidisciplinary, multi-faceted collaborations between physical scientists, public health researchers and policy makers. Further, there was little attention paid to faith-based and ethical approaches to the problem. The solutions and actions we explore in this book engage diverse sectors of civil society, faith leadership, and political leadership, all oriented by ethics, advocacy, and policy with a special focus on poor and vulnerable populations. The book highlights areas we think will resonate broadly with the public, faith leaders, researchers and students across disciplines including the humanities, and policy makers.

Download or read book Can Reforming Global Institutions Help Developing Countries Share More in the Benefits from Globalization written by Andres Solimano and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quantifyin the Impact of Techical Barriesst ti Trade written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Treatment of Non essential Inputs in a Cobb douglas Technology written by Isidro Soloaga and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: December 2000 One problem when estimating a Cobb-Douglas production function with micro data is how to deal with the observations that show positive output but do not use some of the inputs. As the log of zero is not defined, one standard procedure is to arbitrarily replace those zero values with "sufficiently small" numbers. But can we do better than that? An alternative approach is presented and applied to Mexican farm-level data. The standard approach for fitting a Cobb-Douglas production function to micro data with zero values is to replace those values with "sufficiently small" numbers to facilitate the logarithmic transformation. In general, the estimates obtained are extremely sensitive to the transformation chosen, generating doubts about the use of a specification that assumes that all inputs are essential (as the Cobb-Douglas does) when that is not the case. Soloaga presents an alternative method that allows one to estimate the degree of essentiality of the production inputs while retaining the Cobb-Douglas specification. By using the properties of translatable homothetic functions, he estimates by how much the origin of the input set should be translated to allow the Cobb-Douglas functional form to capture the fact that the data have a positive output even when some of the inputs are not used. To highlight the empirical importance of the approach, he applies it to Mexican farm-level production data that he gathered. Many households did not use family or hired labor in farm production, or had different capital composition (that is, zero value for non-land farm assets). The estimations provide a clear measurement of the degree of essentiality of potentially non-essential inputs. They also indicate the size of the error introduced by the common "trick" of adding a "small" value to zero input values. This paper--a product of Trade, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to explore conceptual and practical issues relative to the effects of international trade policy on individual producers. The author may be contacted at [email protected].

Download or read book Monetary Policy Under Flexible Exchange Rates written by Pierre-Richard Agénor and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past few years, a number of central banks have adopted inflation targeting for monetary policy. The author provides an introduction to inflation targeting, with an emphasis on analytical issues, and the recent experience of middle- and high-income developing countries (which have relatively low inflation to begin with, and reasonably well-functioning financial markets). After presenting a formal analytical framework, the author discusses the basic requirements for inflation targeting, and how such a regime differs from money, and exchange rate targeting regimes. After discussing the operational framework for inflation targeting (including the price index to monitor the time horizon, the forecasting procedures, and the role of asset prices), he examines recent experiences with inflation targets, providing new evidence on the convexity of the Phillips curve for six developing countries. His conclusions: Inflation targeting is a flexible policy framework that allows a country's central bank to exercise some degree of discretion, without putting in jeopardy its main objective of maintaining stable prices. In middle- and high-income developing economies that can refrain from implicit exchange rate targeting, it can improve the design, and performance of monetary policy, compared with other policy approaches that central banks may follow. Not all countries may be able to satisfy the technical requirements (such as adequate price data, adequate understanding of the links between instruments, and targets of monetary policy, and adequate forecasting capabilities), but such requirements should not be overstated. Forecasting capability can never be perfect, and sensible projections always involve qualitative judgment. More important, and often more difficult, is the task of designing, or improving an institutional framework that would allow the central bank to pursue the goal of low, stable inflation, while maintaining the ability to stabilize fluctuations in output.

Download or read book Social Capital and the Quality of Government written by Stephen F. Knack and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Governments perform better where there is more general trust and strong civic norms; they perform less well where citizens are less trusting and less civic-minded.

Download or read book Anti corruption Policies and Programs written by Jeff Huther and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a largely corruption-free environment, anti-corruption agencies, ethics offices, and ombudsmen strengthen the standards of accountability. In countries with endemic corruption, however, the same institutions function in form but not in substance; under a best case scenario such institutions might be helpful, but the more likely outcome is that they help to preserve social justice.

Download or read book Implicatoins of the Currency Crisis for Exchange Rate Arrangements in Emerging East Asia written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book How Tax Policy and Incentives Affect Foreign Direct Investment written by Jacques Morisset and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tax incentives neither make up for serious deficiencies in a country's investment environment nor generate the desired externalities. But when other factors, such as infrastructure, transport costs, and political and economic stability are more or less equal, the taxes in one location may have a significant effect on investors' choices. This effect varies, however, depending on the tax instrument used, the characteristics of the multinational company, and the relationship between the tax systems of the home and recipient countries.