Download or read book Surveillance and Evaluation Data Resources for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs written by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-04-28 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surveillance of tobacco use and evaluation of tobacco control programs are two keys to the success in reducing the prevalence of smoking since the U.S. Surgeon General first publicized the adverse consequences of tobacco use in a 1964 report. In many areas of health promotion and disease prevention, the behavior of populations has been difficult to track. However, trends in tobacco use have been known since the beginning of the 20th century. Tobacco use rose inexorably from 1900 to 1965, declining only during the early years of the great depression and other economic downturns. These declines gave the first clue that pricing and taxing could significantly affect tobacco use. But price is not the only factor that affects tobacco use. The nonsmokers' rights movement and the Surgeon General's Report on the health hazards associated with secondhand tobacco smoke—as well as a doubling in the federal cigarette tax—all contributed to a decline in tobacco use that began in the mid-1970s.
Download or read book Surveillance and Evaluation Data Resources for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs written by Sue Lin Yee and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Introduction to Program Evaluation for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs written by Goldie MacDonald and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs written by Terry F. Pechacek and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001-04 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of death & disease. Implementing comprehensive tobacco control programs (TCP) produces substantial reductions in tobacco use. States should establish TCP that are comprehensive, sustainable, & accountable. This document draws upon best practicesÓ determined by analyses of State TCP. This best practicesÓ address nine components of comprehensive TCP: community programs to reduce tobacco use; chronic disease programs to reduce the burden of tobacco-related diseases; school programs; enforcement; statewide programs; cessation programs; counter-marketing; surveillance & evaluation; & administration & management.
Download or read book Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs August 1999 written by National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U.S.). Office on Smoking and Health and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Key Outcome Indicators for Evaluating Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs written by Department of Health and Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-02-12 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If the United States were to meet the Healthy People 2010 goal of reducing smoking prevalence to 12% among adults and 16% among young people aged 14 through 17 years, more than 7 million premature deaths after 2010 could be prevented. Studies show that investing in state tobacco control programs and implementing effective tobacco control policies significantly reduces cigarette consumption and improves health outcomes. To continue funding state programs, however, legislators, policy makers, and other funders of state programs want to see evidence that the program is effective and that resources are being used wisely. To produce such evidence, state tobacco control programs must evaluate their programs. Good evaluation is the key to persuading policy makers that your program is producing results that will lead to improved health for the community. If good evaluation is key to proving that your program is effective, then selecting the right indicators to measure is key to a good evaluation. That's where this book will help. This publication is a companion to the 2001 publication Introduction to Program Evaluation for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs, which is based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) Framework for Program Evaluation. In Introduction to Program Evaluation for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs, we discuss in detail the six steps of a good evaluation as they apply to tobacco prevention and control programs: 1. Engage stakeholders. 2. Describe the program. 3. Focus the evaluation. 4. Gather credible evidence. 5. Justify your conclusions. 6. Ensure evaluation findings are used and share lessons learned. This new publication provides information on selecting indicators and linking them to outcomes. In Introduction to Program Evaluation for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs, we described how to select indicators to measure program outcomes. We also gave examples of indicators and suggested sources of data on those indicators. This publication goes further. Here we discuss in detail 120 evidence-based key indicators that have been scientifically linked to program outcomes. We also document the evidence that shows the value of using these indicators to measure the progress of a state tobacco control program. To help you make informed choices about which indicators are most suitable for your program, we engaged a panel of experts in the field of tobacco control to rate each indicator on various criteria, including overall quality, resources needed, strength of evaluation evidence, utility, accepted practice, and face validity to policy makers. The ratings will help the reader decide, for example, which indicators can be measured within budget or which indicators are likely to carry the most weight with policy makers. In essence, this publication is a consumer's guide to tobacco control indicators for program managers and evaluators. In this publication we provide examples of data sources and survey questions that evaluators can use to gather data from their programs' target populations. We were particularly careful about our choice of example data sources and survey questions. Most come from commonly used state and national surveys and surveillance systems, and using them will allow managers and evaluators to compare their findings with data from other states and over time.
Download or read book Introduction to Process Evaluation in Tobacco Use Prevention and Control written by U.s. Department of Health and Human Service and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-02-12 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tobacco use in the United States is the single most preventable cause of death and disease. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Office on Smoking and Health (CDC/OSH) created the National Tobacco Control Program (NTCP) to foster and support coordinated, nationwide, state-based activities to advance its mission to reduce disease, disability, and death related to tobacco use. CDC/OSH has identified four program goal areas: Preventing initiation of tobacco use among young people; Eliminating nonsmokers' exposure to secondhand smoke; Promoting quitting among adults and young people; and Identifying and eliminating tobacco-related disparities. To determine the effectiveness of NTCP programs, both their implementation and their outcomes must be measured. This manual is intended to provide process evaluation technical assistance to OSH staff, grantees and partners. It defines process evaluation and describes the rationale, benefits, key data collection components, and program evaluation management procedures. It also discusses how process evaluation links with outcome evaluation and fits within an overall approach to evaluating comprehensive tobacco control programs. Previous CDC initiatives have provided resources for designing outcome evaluations. This manual complements CDC's approach to outcome evaluation by focusing on process evaluation as a way to document and measure implementation of NTCP programs. The content of this manual reflects the priorities of CDC/OSH for program monitoring and evaluation, and augments two other CDC/OSH publications: Key Outcome Indicators for Evaluating Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs and Introduction to Program Evaluation for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs. This manual: Provides a framework for understanding the links between inputs, activities, and outputs and for assessing how these relate to outcomes; and Can assist state and federal program managers and evaluation staff with the design and implementation of process evaluations that will provide valid, reliable evidence of progress achieved through their tobacco control efforts.
Download or read book Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Combating Tobacco Use in Military and Veteran Populations written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-10-21 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The health and economic costs of tobacco use in military and veteran populations are high. In 2007, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Department of Defense (DoD) requested that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) make recommendations on how to reduce tobacco initiation and encourage cessation in both military and veteran populations. In its 2009 report, Combating Tobacco in Military and Veteran Populations, the authoring committee concludes that to prevent tobacco initiation and encourage cessation, both DoD and VA should implement comprehensive tobacco-control programs.
Download or read book Comprehensive Tobacco Prevention and Control written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Introduction to Program Evaluation for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs written by Department of Health and Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-02-12 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of death and disease in our society. Annually, in the United States, tobacco use causes more than 430,000 deaths. Direct medical costs related to smoking total at least $50 billion per year; lost productivity adds another $50 billion. Tobacco use is addictive: nearly 70% of smokers want to quit smoking, but only 2.5% are able to quit permanently each year. Most smokers start smoking as adolescents. One in three teenagers who are regular smokers will eventually die of smoking-related causes. Other tobacco products also have serious health consequences. Use of smokeless tobacco is associated with leukoplakia and oral cancer. There is also strong evidence of causal relationships between regular cigar use and cancers of the lungs, larynx, oral cavity, and esophagus. These consequences are of particular concern because in 1999, 15.3% of U.S. high school students smoked cigars and 6.6% used smokeless tobacco. The risks of tobacco use extend beyond the actual users. Nearly 9 of 10 nonsmoking Americans have been exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Exposure to ETS increases nonsmokers' risk for lung cancer and heart disease. Among children, ETS is also associated with serious respiratory problems, including asthma, pneumonia, and bronchitis. In addition, scientific evidence now links ETS with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and low birth weight. Tobacco control programs are designed ultimately to help reduce disease, disability, and death related to tobacco use. To determine the effectiveness of these programs, one must document and measure both their implementation and their effect. Program evaluation is a tool used to assess the implementation and outcomes of a program, to increase a program's efficiency and impact over time, and to demonstrate accountability. This document is a “how to” guide for planning and implementing evaluation activities. The manual reflects the priorities of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Office on Smoking and Health (OSH), for program monitoring and evaluation. The purpose of this manual is to assist state tobacco control program managers and staff in the planning, design, implementation, and use of practical and increasingly comprehensive evaluations of tobacco control efforts. The strategy presented in this manual will aid those responsible for evaluation activities to demonstrate accountability to diverse stakeholders. In this case, accountability includes assessing and documenting the effectiveness of programs, measuring program outcomes, documenting implementation and cost effectiveness, and increasing the impact of programs.
Download or read book WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2017 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2017-08-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report "Monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies" tracks the status of the tobacco epidemic and interventions to combat it. The report finds that more countries have implemented tobacco control policies, ranging from graphic pack warnings and advertising bans to no smoking areas. About 4.7 billion people - 63% of the world's population - are covered by at least one comprehensive tobacco control measure, which has quadrupled since 2007 when only 1 billion people and 15% of the world's population were covered.
Download or read book The GTSS Atlas written by Charles W. Warren and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Surveillance is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data essential to the planning, implementation and evaluation of public health practice. It is closely integrated with the timely determination of data to those responsible for prevention and control. The atlas visualizes a decade of work in establishing the Global Tobacco Surveillance System (GTSS), which has become the largest public health surveillance system ever developed and maintained. The atlas documents the components of the GTSS, which include the monitoring of tobacco use and tobacco control measures among youth, school personnel, health professions students and adults. It maps the coverage of the surveys and provides data on the various elements of a comprehensive tobacco control strategy outlined in the Who- FCTC and MPOWER policy. It illustrates the importance of enhancing country capability to develop, implement and evaluate tobacco control programs though and a systematic framework. This resource will be invaluable to policy makers, public health practitioners, scholars and students interested in tobacco control." - p. 9
Download or read book Developing an Effective Evaluation Plan written by Department of Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-02-13 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This workbook applies the CDC Frameword for Program Evaluation in Public Health. The purpose of this workbook is to help public health program managers, administrators, and evaluators develop a joing understanding of what constitutes an evaluation plan, why it is important, and how to develop an effective evaluation plan in the context of the planning process.This workbook is intended to assist in developing an evalution plan but is not intended to serve as a complete resource on how to implement program evaluation.
Download or read book Global Youth Tobacco Surveillance 2000 2007 written by Charles W. Warren and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Problem: Tobacco use is a major contributor to deaths from chronic diseases. The findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) suggest that the estimate of a doubling of deaths from smoking (from 5 million per year to approximately 10 million per year by 2020) might be an underestimate because of the increase in smoking among young girls compared with adult females, the high susceptibility of smoking among never smokers, high levels of exposure to secondhand smoke, and protobacco indirect advertising. Reporting Period Covered: This report includes GYTS data collected during 2000--2007 from 140 World Health Organization (WHO) member states, six territories (American Samoa, British Virgin Islands, Guam, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands), two geographic regions (Gaza Strip and West Bank), one United Nations administered province (Kosovo), one special administrative region (Macau), and one Commonwealth (Northern Mariana Islands). For countries that have repeated GYTS, only the most recent data are included. For countries with multiple survey sites, only data from the capital or largest city are presented. Description of System: GYTS is a school-based survey of a defined geographic site that can be a country, a province, a city, or any other geographic entity. GYTS uses a standardized methodology for constructing sampling frames, selecting schools and classes, preparing questionnaires, conducting field procedures, and processing data. GYTS standard sampling methodology uses a two-stage cluster sample design that produces samples of students in grades associated with students aged 13--15 years. Each sampling frame includes all schools (usually public and private) in a geographically defined area containing any of the identified grades. In the first stage, the probability of schools being selected is proportional to the number of students enrolled in the specified grades. In the second sampling stage, classes within the selected schools are selected randomly. All students in selected classes attending school the day the survey is administered are eligible to participate. Student participation is voluntary and anonymous using self-administered data collection procedures. The GYTS sample design produces independent, cross-sectional estimates that are representative of each site. Results: The findings in this report indicate that the level of cigarette smoking between boys and girls is similar in many sites; the prevalence of cigarette smoking and use of other tobacco products is similar; and susceptibility to initiate smoking among never smokers is similar among boys and girls and is higher than cigarette smoking in the majority of sites. Approximately half of the students reported that they were exposed to secondhand smoke in public places during the week preceding the survey. Approximately eight in 10 favor a ban on smoking in public places. Approximately two in 10 students own an object with a cigarette brand logo on it, and one in 10 students have been offered free cigarettes by a tobacco company representative. Approximately seven in 10 students who smoke reported that they wanted to stop smoking. Approximately seven in 10 students who smoked were not refused purchase of cigarettes from a store during the month preceding the survey. Finally, approximately six in 10 students reported having been taught in school about the harmful effects of smoking during the year preceding the survey. Interpretation: The findings in this report suggest that interventions that decrease tobacco use among youth (e.g., increasing excise taxes, media campaigns, school programs in conjunction with community interventions, and community interventions that decrease minors' access to tobacco) must be broad-based, focused on boys and girls, and have components directed toward prevention and cessation. If effective programs are not developed and implemented soon, future morbidity and mortality attributed to tobacco probably will increase. Public Health Action: The synergy between countries in passing tobacco-control laws, regulations, or decrees; ratifying the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control; and conducting GYTS offers a unique opportunity to develop, implement, and evaluate comprehensive tobacco-control policy that can be helpful to each country. The challenge for each country is to develop, implement, and evaluate a tobacco-control program and make changes where necessary." - p. 1
Download or read book Ending the Tobacco Problem written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-10-27 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nation has made tremendous progress in reducing tobacco use during the past 40 years. Despite extensive knowledge about successful interventions, however, approximately one-quarter of American adults still smoke. Tobacco-related illnesses and death place a huge burden on our society. Ending the Tobacco Problem generates a blueprint for the nation in the struggle to reduce tobacco use. The report reviews effective prevention and treatment interventions and considers a set of new tobacco control policies for adoption by federal and state governments. Carefully constructed with two distinct parts, the book first provides background information on the history and nature of tobacco use, developing the context for the policy blueprint proposed in the second half of the report. The report documents the extraordinary growth of tobacco use during the first half of the 20th century as well as its subsequent reversal in the mid-1960s (in the wake of findings from the Surgeon General). It also reviews the addictive properties of nicotine, delving into the factors that make it so difficult for people to quit and examines recent trends in tobacco use. In addition, an overview of the development of governmental and nongovernmental tobacco control efforts is provided. After reviewing the ethical grounding of tobacco control, the second half of the book sets forth to present a blueprint for ending the tobacco problem. The book offers broad-reaching recommendations targeting federal, state, local, nonprofit and for-profit entities. This book also identifies the benefits to society when fully implementing effective tobacco control interventions and policies.
Download or read book A Nationwide Framework for Surveillance of Cardiovascular and Chronic Lung Diseases written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-08-26 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic diseases are common and costly, yet they are also among the most preventable health problems. Comprehensive and accurate disease surveillance systems are needed to implement successful efforts which will reduce the burden of chronic diseases on the U.S. population. A number of sources of surveillance data-including population surveys, cohort studies, disease registries, administrative health data, and vital statistics-contribute critical information about chronic disease. But no central surveillance system provides the information needed to analyze how chronic disease impacts the U.S. population, to identify public health priorities, or to track the progress of preventive efforts. A Nationwide Framework for Surveillance of Cardiovascular and Chronic Lung Diseases outlines a conceptual framework for building a national chronic disease surveillance system focused primarily on cardiovascular and chronic lung diseases. This system should be capable of providing data on disparities in incidence and prevalence of the diseases by race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geographic region, along with data on disease risk factors, clinical care delivery, and functional health outcomes. This coordinated surveillance system is needed to integrate and expand existing information across the multiple levels of decision making in order to generate actionable, timely knowledge for a range of stakeholders at the local, state or regional, and national levels. The recommendations presented in A Nationwide Framework for Surveillance of Cardiovascular and Chronic Lung Diseases focus on data collection, resource allocation, monitoring activities, and implementation. The report also recommends that systems evolve along with new knowledge about emerging risk factors, advancing technologies, and new understanding of the basis for disease. This report will inform decision-making among federal health agencies, especially the Department of Health and Human Services; public health and clinical practitioners; non-governmental organizations; and policy makers, among others.
