Download or read book Surface Studies of Heat treated Natural Rubies and Sapphires written by Supakit Achiwawanich and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heat treatment of ruby and sapphire has been extensively practised in order to enhance their visual appearance. Even though research on the bulk properties of the gemstones has been performed comprehensively, surface studies of heat-treated natural ruby and sapphire are very limited. The aims of this thesis are: to demonstrate potential capacities of non-invasive surface techniques including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) on the natural Mong Hsu ruby and Kanchanaburi sapphire, and to elucidate surface effects after heat treatments in different atmospheric conditions commonly practised in the commercial arena. Preliminary studies using cathodoluminescence (CL) and X-ray computerised tomography (XCT) on heat treated gemstones are also given in the thesis.
Download or read book The Heat Treatment of Ruby and Sapphire written by Ted Themelis and published by Ted Themelis. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Heat Treatment of Ruby Sapphire written by Ted Themelis and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ruby Sapphire Buying Guide written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: You don't have to be a jeweler or gemologist to tell a ruby from red glass or a good sapphire from a bad one. The Ruby and Sapphire Buying Guide will show you how. It's easy to read, has lots of photos, and gives clear, step-by-step pointers on how to buy the best stone for the money. This is the only book to offer detailed guidelines and pictures on judging ruby and sapphire quality. Book jacket.
Download or read book Ruby Sapphire written by Richard W. Hughes and published by R W H Publishing. This book was released on 1997 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most complete book ever on the corundum gems, ruby & sapphire. Covers all the history, crystallography, physics, chemistry, geology, inclusions, treatments, synthetics, cutting and world sources. Over 3000 references. There is no other book like it.
Download or read book Gemstone Enhancement written by Kurt Nassau and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1984 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Flux enhanced Rubies and Sapphires written by Ted Themelis and published by Ted Themelis. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Discover the Gemstones written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Embark on a journey with two of the most coveted precious gemstones, ruby and sapphire, with L'ÉCOLE's brand new exhibition, illustrating the marriage between nature's gift and human creativity. You'll first travel inside the gemstones to discover the inner beauty that nature creates through the photomicrography of Billie Hughes, a gemologist and award-winning photographer. Her images are an encounter between art and science, capturing the “birthmarks” of gemstones - the “inclusions” - in microscopic depth, like terraced mountains and iridescent flowers. Your journey then takes on to explore ruby and sapphire when they are first unearthed, before any human intervention, through the exquisite minerals in their natural geological forms. The various colors demonstrate what nature gives to corundum - the family that ruby and sapphire belong - a palette of rainbow colors. Alongside the minerals are high jewelry creations showcasing the skill of lapidary - the art of stone-cutting. The various shapes of rubies and sapphires, be it faceted or with smooth surface like cabochon-shaped, bring out the vibrant colors of these two gems which have mesmerized people for thousands of years. This interactive exhibition also allows visitors to try out the gemologist's gestures. Through the microscope, get ready to plunge into the fascinating microworld of rubies and sapphires.
Download or read book Yellow Coloration in Heat treated Natural Sapphires written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cause of colour change in yellow sapphires can be explained through the process of heat treatment experiments performed on differing sets of samples from both 'metamorphic' and 'basaltic' origins. In this study 'metamorphic' yellow sapphires were five simply heat-treated stones obtained from Sri Lanka. These sapphires were re-heated in a reduced atmosphere at 1650 degrees Celsius for 5 hours. After the treatment the samples changed from their strong yellows to colourless. The residue spectra observed from this experiment showed that the colour chang could be identified as that of a "colour centre pattern". Thrace element analysis by LA-ICP-MS showed that these samples had low Fe and Mg > Ti in content. We can deduce from this that the colour change in metamorthic samples occur through the stabilized assistance of Mg in the "colour centres" process or the so-called 'Mg-trapped hole colour centres'. The basaltic origin samples from Bang Kacha area, Chanthaburi Province were grouped into sets based on the colour variety. The first group (seven untreated stones) were found to be high Fe and Ti > Mg of greenish yellow to yellowish green variety, with the other set (two untreated stones) being high Fe and Mg > Ti of yellow variety. Both sets of samples were heated in an oxidized atmosphere at high temperatures. We discovered differing results from the two sets after heat treatment. The set with the higher content of Ti to Mg showed little to no change in colour. The set with Mg Ti showed a significant colour change to strong brownish yellow. What we can deduce from this experiment is that the set with Ti Mg had little to no change in colour because the Ti and Mg combine to form MgTiO[subscript3] and no Mg was left to assist any colour centre process. The yellow hues in this set of samples were likely to have been from the spin forbidden transition of Fe[superscript3+] that can occur in 'basaltic' sapphires. The set with high Mg assisted the stabilization of the yellow colour centres and allowed significant colour change to take place in the sapphires.
Download or read book Beryllium Treated Rubies and Sapphires written by Ted Themelis and published by Ted Themelis. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the product of self-supported and painstaking research work of 47 experiments on 30,000 natural and synthetic rubies and sapphires treated with beryllium by Ted Themelis in his thermochemical GEMLAB laboratory in Bangkok from May 2002 to January 2003. This book deals with the gemological and technical aspects in high temperature heat-treatment of rubies and sapphires with beryllium additives.
Download or read book Manual of Mineral Science written by Cornelis Klein and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-02-20 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1848, authored by J.D. Dana, the Manual of Mineral Science now enters its 23rd edition. This new edition continues in the footsteps or its predecessors as the standard textbook in Mineralogy/Mineral Science/Earth Materials/Rocks and Minerals courses. This new edition contains 22 chapters, instead of 14 as in the prior edition. This is the result of having packaged coherent subject matter into smaller, more easily accessible units. Each chapter has a new and expanded introductory statement, which gives the user a quick overview of what is to come. Just before these introductions, each chapter features a new illustration that highlights some aspect of the subject in that particular chapter. All such changes make the text more readable, user-friendly and searchable. Many of the first 14 chapters are reasonably independent of each other, allowing for great flexibility in an instructor's preferred subject sequence. The majority of illustrations in this edition were re-rendered and/or redesigned and many new photographs, mainly of mineral specimens, were added. NEW Thoroughly Revised Lab Manual ISBN13: 978-0-471-77277-4 Also published by John Wiley & Sons, the thoroughly updated Laboratory Manual: Minerals and Rocks: Exercises in Crystal and Mineral Chemistry, Crystallography, X-ray Powder Diffraction, Mineral and Rock Identification, and Ore Mineralogy, 3e, is for use in the mineralogy laboratory and covers the subject matter in the same sequence as the Manual of Mineral Science, 23e.
Download or read book Sapphire written by Elena R. Dobrovinskaya and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-21 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the second half of the twentieth century, a new branch of materials science had come into being — crystalline materials research. Its appearance is linked to the emergence of advanced technologies primarily based on single crystals (bulk crystals and films). At the turn of the last century, the impending onset of the “ceramic era” was forecasted. It was believed that ceramics would play a role comparable to that of the Stone or Bronze Ages in the history of civilization. Naturally, such an assumption was hypothetical, but it showed that ceramic materials had evoked keen interest among researchers. Although sapphire traditionally has been considered a gem, it has developed into a material typical of the “ceramic era.” Widening the field of sapphire application necessitated essential improvement of its homogeneity and working characteristics and extension of the range of sapphire products, especially those with stipulated properties including a preset structural defect distribution. In the early 1980s, successful attainment of crystals with predetermined char- teristics was attributed to proper choice of the growth method. At present, in view of the fact that the requirements for crystalline products have become more str- gent, such an approach tends to be insufficient. It is clear that one must take into account the physical–chemical processes that take place during the formation of the real crystal structure, i.e., the growth mechanisms and the nature and causes of crystal imperfections.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy written by Brian C. Smith and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-03-09 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflecting the myriad changes and advancements in the technologies involved in FTIR, particularly the development of diamond ATRs, this second edition of Fundamentals of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy has been extensively rewritten and expanded to include new topics and figures as well as updates of existing chapters. Designed for those ne
Download or read book Forging Stamping Heat Treating written by and published by . This book was released on 1919 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Journal of Gemmology and Proceedings of the Gemmological Association of Great Britain written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for July 1964 include Proceedings of the Gemmological Association of Great Britain.
Download or read book Gems Gemology written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dictionary of Gems and Gemology written by Mohsen Manutchehr-Danai and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid growth of gemological sciences and mineralogy demands a dictionary such as this for gemologists, mineralogists, geologists, jewel dealers, industry and hobbyists. With some 16,000 comprehensive definitions, supplemented by more than 250 diagrams and figures, this is a one-stop reference to any matter dealing with gems and gemology.
