Download or read book Surface Sealing and the Water Balance written by Markus Meyer and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2012-02 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Physical Geography, Geomorphology, Environmental Studies, grade: A, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment), language: English, abstract: This report investigates the relationship between the degree of imperviousness - surface sealing - and the water balance - surface runoff, evapotranspiration and infiltration. It synthesizes case studies for the cities Leipzig, Dessau and Munich in Germany and the Grote-Nete catchment in Belgium and compares the effect of different urban land uses on the water balance. The annual precipitation ranges from 530 to 950 mm. Depending on the respective hydrological properties and land use characteristics a linear increase of surface runoff with increasing degree of imperviousness could be found for all of the German studies. Evapotranspiration and infiltration decline with an increasing degree of imperviousness. The relationship for both is not distinct as for surface runoff. The impact on the water balance does not significantly deviate for different levels of precipitation.
Download or read book Surface sealing and the water balance written by Markus Meyer and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2012-01-04 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Physical Geography, Geomorphology, Environmental Studies, grade: A, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment), language: English, abstract: This report investigates the relationship between the degree of imperviousness – surface sealing – and the water balance – surface runoff, evapotranspiration and infiltration. It synthesizes case studies for the cities Leipzig, Dessau and Munich in Germany and the Grote-Nete catchment in Belgium and compares the effect of different urban land uses on the water balance. The annual precipitation ranges from 530 to 950 mm. Depending on the respective hydrological properties and land use characteristics a linear increase of surface runoff with increasing degree of imperviousness could be found for all of the German studies. Evapotranspiration and infiltration decline with an increasing degree of imperviousness. The relationship for both is not distinct as for surface runoff. The impact on the water balance does not significantly deviate for different levels of precipitation.
Download or read book A Study of Surface Sealing Using Network Modeling and Image Analysis written by Robert Parsons Ewing and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Energetics and Dynamics of Surface Sealing a Laboratory Investigation written by Richard Michael Hawke and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the controls on the components of the hydrologic cycle is important for maintaining environmental quality since soil plays an important role in the hydrologic cycle by influencing the timing of and the path taken by water once it reaches the land surface. Surface seals formed under rainfall have been recognised to occur on soils from all over the world and are known to reduce infiltration and increase surface runoff; however, measurements of hydraulic conductivity during a rainfall event have not been possible. Calculations of hydraulic conductivity require measurements of soil water content and soil water potential. Consequently, this thesis involves the design of systems to measure these variables at the appropriate time and length scales. Column experiments using a silt loam from southern Ontario were conducted to examine how two previously identified controls upon surface sealing; antecedent moisture conditions and rainfall characteristics, affect the soil hydraulic conductivity. Even at very small length scales, of the order millimetres, textural variations were evident from the soil water content-time plots. Thus, even at very small length scales it seems inappropriate to assume a uniform soil water content. The temporal changes in the hydraulic conductivity were found to be an exponential function of changes in the soil water potential. The relationship between the final hydraulic conductivity and the applied rainfall varied with initial soil water content. At lower rainfall intensities a smooth hydraulic conductivity-soil water potential was observed that was unaffected by the initial soil water content. However, this relationship was disrupted towards the end of the higher intensity rainfall events due to disruption of the soil structure. A van Genuchten model (van Genuchten, 1980) could be fitted with a high degree of accuracy to the measured soil water content-soil water potential data. When the parameters of the fitted curve were used to model the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function, the fit between this function and the measured hydraulic conductivity values was extremely poor.
Download or read book Macropore and Surface Sealing Interactions on Water Infiltration Into Soil written by Steven Dean Ela and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Runoff Infiltration and Subsurface Flow of Water in Arid and Semi Arid Regions written by Arie S. Issar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arid and semi-arid regions can be defined as environments in which water is the limit ing factor for bio-systems. This means that survival of life in these regions involves a constant struggle to obtain this limited commodity and draw the maximum benefit out of it. However, despite the difficulties for plants, animals, and man to live in, these regions, they are being utilized more and more because of the pressure of world population growth. This is expressed in the expansion of agricultural activities in desert lands as well as by the formation and rapid growth of urban and industrial centers. These trends result in a growing demand for water on the one hand, and the disposal of vast amounts of waste water, as well as other types of refuse, on the other. Meeting the first demand, namely, supplying water to the agricultural communities and urban centers, involves, in many instances, the over-exploitation and misuse of nat ural water resources. The surplus of waste water, sometimes highly loaded with toxic compounds, is likely to cause irreversible damage to the environment. The geoscientists and engineers face a challenge on two conflicting fronts. Success on one front, namely, in answering the full demand for water, may lead to an increase in the pollution of the environment by waste water.
Download or read book Development and Perspectives of Landscape Ecology written by O. Bastian and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development and status of landscape ecology - subject of this book During the last decades, landscape ecology has developed tremendously. It concerns both the theoretical basis and practical application. The roots of landscape ecology are geography and biology. The term "landscape ecology" was first coined by the German scientist Carl Troll in 1939. ünce, the devel opment center of landscape ecology was in Central Europe. Recently, also other parts of the world became powernd centers of landscape ecology, es pecially Northern America. American approaches partly differ essentially from the European, because they are focused esp. on biogeography and population dynamics. In Europe, however, the geographical roots of land scape ecology playamajor role. Landscape is defined as a complex of abiotic, biotic and human components. Mainly due to linguistic barriers, the international discussion does not take notice of approaches and experiences from non-anglophone countries in a sufficient manner. Therefore this book considers more the German and European views on landscape ecology than the books which were published before. It tries to bridge the gaps between theory and practice of landscape ecology, as well between the Ger manlEuropean and American approach es. The book gives a fundamental representation of landscape ecology, which proves to be a young, but an interesting and very important transdisci plinary science for the solution of environmental problems. Both the theo retical basis and practical application of landscape ecology are considered.
Download or read book Precipitation written by Jesus Rodrigo Comino and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-08-21 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Precipitation: Earth Surface Responses and Processes provides readers with a general and indispensable overview of processing rainfall processes through radar techniques, numerical models, geostatistical tools, photogrammetric methods, plots, indexes of connectivity or rainfall simulations. The handbook follows a clear and consistent format, and is structured as follows: Introduction (State-of-the-Art); Part 1. Rainfall and climate/atmosphere; Part 2. Models and applications; Part 3. Rainfall as a key actor playing the main role affecting different ecosystems. Part 3: Rainfall affecting the earth surface from different scales and landforms; Part 4: Rainfall and stormwater quality management in urban and rural areas. Precipitation is a key factor needed for understanding landscape evolution and ecosystem services. Knowing the main precipitation composition, mechanisms and processes allows for efficient land management plans and ecosystem restoration activities. However, precipitation shows different responses under specific environments depending on the climate (from the arid to the polar areas), parent material, scale (from the raindrops to catchment scale), intensity, landscape morphologies (soil sealing, rills, gullies or rivers) or human activities (agriculture or urban areas). Precipitation: Earth Surface Responses and Processes bring this information together and provides indispensable material in a holistic manner for students, scientists and lecturers from different environmental disciplines such as climatology, meteorology, geomorphology, hydrology, soil science, geography, engineering, or ecology. Includes observations on a range of earth surface processes, from climate to coastal marine ecosystems Presents key case studies in each chapter, enhancing the applicability of each chapter Introduces precipitation as a key factor to understand earth mechanisms and processes
Download or read book EPA 600 7 written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rethinking Urban Sprawl Moving Towards Sustainable Cities written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2018-06-14 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides a new perspective to the nature of urban sprawl and its causes and environmental, social and economic consequences.
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 882 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Biology of Urban Environments written by Philip James and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fourni par l'éditeur : "Provides a novel perspective on urban ecosystems, summarising our current understanding of the basic and applied aspects of these important and complex habitats, whilst focusing on environmental concerns in the context of global change."
Download or read book The Pinnipeds written by Marianne Riedman and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1990-01-01 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses the adaptation, evolution, classification, distribution, ecology, behavior, communication, and learning of seals, sea lions and walruses.
Download or read book Urban Soils written by Andrew W. Rate and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-07 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook addresses the increasing trend in urbanization of the world’s population and its relation with urban soils. Written by active practitioners of university level teaching and research, this book is designed primarily as an educational text, while it also provides readers with an authoritative gateway to the primary literature. It includes explicit coverage of spatial and statistical (multivariate) techniques and case studies to illustrate key concept, and to support practical guidance in issues such as data collection and analysis. The authors reflect current developments in research and urban trends. In China, for example, the proportion of the population living in cities increased from 13% in 1950 to 45% in 2010 (World Bank data). Australia is one of the world's top ten urbanised countries with population greater than ten million, with approximately 90% of its population living in cities, mainly along Australia's coast. The most rapidly urbanising populations are currently in nations of the African continent. Soils in urban areas have multiple functions which are becoming more valued by urban communities: soils supply water, nutrients and physical support for urban plant and animal communities (parks, reserves, gardens), and are becoming increasingly valued for growing food. Soils may be used for building foundations, or as building materials themselves. Urban hydrology relies on the existence of unsealed soils for aquifer protection and flood control. This volume presents the importance of urban ecosystems and the impacts of global change. It examines pedogenesis of urban soils: natural materials affected by urban phenomena, and natural processes acting on urban materials, including an examination of different climatic zones. There is a focus on soils formed on landfill, reclaimed land, dredge spoils as well as soil-related changes in urban geomorphology. There is plenty of discussion on urban soil as a source and sink as well as soil geochemistry and health. The book is intended primarily as a text for upper-level undergraduate, and postgraduate (Masters) students. It will also be invaluable as a resource for professionals such as researchers, environmental regulators, and environmental consultants.
Download or read book Thesaurus of Water Resources Terms written by United States. Bureau of Reclamation and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modelling the Effects of Logging on the Water Balance of a Tropical Rain Forest written by Victor Gerlof Jetten and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Water Resource in Tropical Africa and Its Exploitation written by K. A. Edwards and published by ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD). This book was released on 1983-01-01 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
