Download or read book Surface Deformation Measured with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar written by Fernando Greene and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Global Positioning System (GPS) is widely used to detect ground deformation from varieties of geophysical origins. However, most studies lack the spatial and temporal resolutions to better characterize such observations. The purpose of this research is to use multi-track satellite radar imagery to generate time series to study and monitor vertical ground deformation over large regions such as the Nevada portion of the Basin and Range Province and the western end of the Mojave Desert. We developed an innovative method to remove horizontal movements from InSAR line-of-sight (LOS) observations using a GPS velocity field and subsequently combine the multi-track imagery resulting in one single high spatial resolution map of observed vertical crustal and surface movements. By implementing this technique we detect vertical deformation signals with short and intermediate wavelength signals associated to tectonic processes such as interseismic and postseismic deformation. In Central Nevada Seismic Belt we detect in three independent orbits a broad area of uplift that confirms results of previous studies that associate the origin of this signal to post-seimic deformation of the historic earthquakes at this region. In south-central Nevada we detect several valleys that show a gradual eastward tilt of the valley floors due to deep geodynamical processes. The valleys located at the eastern side of Ruby Mountains show a range decrease that could indicate uplift related to magma intrusion or post-seismic deformation due to older, unrecognized earthquakes. In the Big Bend segment in southern California we detect vertical uplift as expected by mechanical models of interseismic deformation. Additionaly all our velocity maps reveal small wavelength deformation signals of anthropogenic origin.
Download or read book Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry Analysis of Ground Deformation Within the Coso Geothermal Site California written by Erik Vaughn Brawner and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earth's surface movement may cause as a potential hazard to infrastructure and people. Associated earthquake hazards pose a potential side effect of geothermal activity. Modern remote sensing techniques known as Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) can measure surface change with a high degree of precision to mm scale movements. Previous work has identified a deformation anomaly within the Coso Geothermal site in eastern California. Surface changes have not been analyzed since the 1990s, allowing a decade of geothermal production impact to occur since previously assessed. In this study, InSAR data was acquired and analyzed between the years 2005 and 2010. Acquired by the ENVISAT satellite from both ascending and descending modes. This provides an independent dataset from previous work. Incorporating data generated from a new sensor covering a more modern temporal study period. Analysis of this time period revealed a subsidence anomaly in correlation with the extents of the geothermal production area under current operation. Maximum subsidence rates in the region reached approximately 3.8 cm/yr. A similar rate assessed from previous work throughout the 1990s. The correlation of subsidence patterns suggests a linear source of deformation from measurements spanning multiple decades. Regions of subsidence branch out from the main anomaly to the North-Northeast and to the South where additional significant peaks of subsidence occurring. The extents of the deformation anomaly directly correlate with the dispersal of geothermal production well site locations. Depressurization within the geothermal system provides a leading cause to surface subsidence from excessive extraction of hydrothermal fluids. As a result of minimal reinjection of production fluids.
Download or read book InSAR analysis of ground surface deformation in Cedar Valley Iron County Utah written by Kurt Katzenstein and published by Utah Geological Survey. This book was released on 2013-10-15 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 43-page report presents new Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) analysis of ground water subsidence in Cedar Valley in Iron County, Utah. This analysis is based on InSAR data from the ERS-1/2 satellites from 1992 to 2000, and the Envisat satellite from 2004 to 2010. A stack of five consecutive interferograms from the 1992-2000 time period and a stack of four consecutive interferograms from the 2004-2010 time period are included in this report; however, decorrelation in the vicinity of the Enoch graben makes an estimate of total deformation impossible using the stacks. In total, surface deformation has impacted approximately 256 km² (100 mi²) in Cedar Valley. Subsidence rates in the vicinity of the Enoch graben increased from approximately 0.5-1.0 cm/yr to roughly 1-2 cm/yr after 1999. Similarly, rates in central Cedar Valley show a general increasing trend after 1999, but rates appear to be more erratic than the other two sites. The spatial distribution of deformation in Cedar Valley correlates well with both the location of observed fissuring as well as the location of both municipal and private groundwater production wells. The fissuring observed near Quichapa Lake, as well as within the Enoch graben, is likely a direct result of groundwater pumping in these areas.
Download or read book Numerical Methods for the Solution of Ill Posed Problems written by A.N. Tikhonov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many problems in science, technology and engineering are posed in the form of operator equations of the first kind, with the operator and RHS approximately known. But such problems often turn out to be ill-posed, having no solution, or a non-unique solution, and/or an unstable solution. Non-existence and non-uniqueness can usually be overcome by settling for `generalised' solutions, leading to the need to develop regularising algorithms. The theory of ill-posed problems has advanced greatly since A. N. Tikhonov laid its foundations, the Russian original of this book (1990) rapidly becoming a classical monograph on the topic. The present edition has been completely updated to consider linear ill-posed problems with or without a priori constraints (non-negativity, monotonicity, convexity, etc.). Besides the theoretical material, the book also contains a FORTRAN program library. Audience: Postgraduate students of physics, mathematics, chemistry, economics, engineering. Engineers and scientists interested in data processing and the theory of ill-posed problems.
Download or read book Synthetic Aperture Radar Coherence Study of San Diego County and Interferometric Study of Deformation Along the Coyote Creek Fault Imperial County California written by Alex Boisvert and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radar Interferometry written by Ramon F. Hanssen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-18 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the product of five and a half years of research dedicated to the und- standing of radar interferometry, a relatively new space-geodetic technique for m- suring the earth’s topography and its deformation. The main reason for undertaking this work, early 1995, was the fact that this technique proved to be extremely useful for wide-scale, fine-resolution deformation measurements. Especially the interf- ometric products from the ERS-1 satellite provided beautiful first results—several interferometric images appeared as highlights on the cover of journals such as Nature and Science. Accuracies of a few millimeters in the radar line of sight were claimed in semi-continuous image data acquired globally, irrespective of cloud cover or solar illumination. Unfortunately, because of the relative lack of supportive observations at these resolutions and accuracies, validation of the precision and reliability of the results remained an issue of concern. From a geodetic point of view, several survey techniques are commonly available to measure a specific geophysical phenomenon. To make an optimal choice between these techniques it is important to have a uniform and quantitative approach for describing the errors and how these errors propagate to the estimated parameters. In this context, the research described in this book was initiated. It describes issues involved with different types of errors, induced by the sensor, the data processing, satellite positioning accuracy, atmospheric propagation, and scattering character- tics. Nevertheless, as the first item in the subtitle “Data Interpretation and Error Analysis” suggests, data interpretation is not always straightforward.
Download or read book Using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Data to Improve Estimates of Hydraulic Head in the San Luis Valley Colorado written by Jessica Anne Reeves and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remotely sensed Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) deformation data have recently been used to study confined aquifer systems in urban/arid areas. The deformation measured at the surface by InSAR is a consequence of changes in hydraulic head in the underlying confined aquifer system. Deformation in agricultural areas, such as the San Luis Valley, Colorado, is difficult to measure using InSAR because changes in the height of the vegetation can degrade the measurement by altering the positions of individual radar scatterers. Nonetheless, agricultural areas like the San Luis Valley are of great interest because of the link between the groundwater resources and the local economy. The San Luis Valley is an 8000 km^2 valley, located mostly on the northern side of the Colorado-New Mexico border. The valley has a vibrant agricultural economy that is highly dependent on the effective management of limited water resources. State regulation established that hydraulic head levels within the confined aquifer system should be maintained within the range experienced in the years between 1978 and 2000. Effective management of water resources in the San Luis Valley requires both seasonal changes in hydraulic head as well long term trends during this time period. In this study we had three main goals: 1) to determine if high quality InSAR data can be collected in the San Luis Valley, 2) to determine the uncertainty of the InSAR deformation measurements, and 3) to determine to what extent the InSAR deformation data can be used to improve estimates of hydraulic head in the San Luis Valley. We found that high quality InSAR data could be acquired from the San Luis Valley. Many small areas, left unwatered by the center-pivot irrigation systems, yield high quality InSAR data when processed using Small Baseline Subset analysis. The InSAR deformation measurements showed the same seasonal periodicity as the hydraulic head data from monitoring wells. The next step in our research was to more accurately determine the uncertainty in the InSAR deformation measurements. We developed a novel algorithm that uses supplementary hydrologic data to identify InSAR acquisitions whose measurements may have been corrupted with uncertainty due to atmospheric phase effects. We then proceeded to quantify the uncertainty in the InSAR deformation measurement due to decorrelation of radar signals. In the final chapter of this work we explored ways in which the relationship between InSAR measured deformation and measurements of hydraulic head can be combined to increase the spatial and temporal density of hydraulic head measurements in the confined aquifer system. We found that at three well locations where the changes in hydraulic head were sufficiently large and the aquifer sediments were relatively compressible the InSAR deformation measurements can be reliably used to estimate hydraulic head during times when no well measurements were acquired.
Download or read book Deformation and Gravity Change Indicators of Isostasy Tectonics Volcanism and Climate Change written by Detlef Wolf and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-20 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the papers in this book were presented at the workshop on "Deformation and Gravity Change: Indicators of Isostasy, Tectonics, Volcanism and Climate Change", which took place at the Casa de los Volcanes on Lanzarote, during March 1-4, 2005. Leading experts describe major developments in geodynamics, and record their views on internal and surface processes of the earth.
Download or read book Urban Deformation Monitoring using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry and SAR tomography written by Michele Crosetto and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-06-24 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on remote sensing for urban deformation monitoring. In particular, it highlights how deformation monitoring in urban areas can be carried out using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Tomography (TomoSAR). Several contributions show the capabilities of Interferometric SAR (InSAR) and PSI techniques for urban deformation monitoring. Some of them show the advantages of TomoSAR in un-mixing multiple scatterers for urban mapping and monitoring. This book is dedicated to the technical and scientific community interested in urban applications. It is useful for choosing the appropriate technique and gaining an assessment of the expected performance. The book will also be useful to researchers, as it provides information on the state-of-the-art and new trends in this field
Download or read book Surface Displacement Measurement from Remote Sensing Images written by Olivier Cavalie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-05-25 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drastic improvements in both access to satellite images and data processing tools today allow near real-time observation of Earth surface deformations. Remote sensing imagery is thus a powerful, reliable and spatially dense source of information that can be used to understand the Earth and its surface manifestations as well as mitigate natural hazards. This book offers for the first time a complete overview of the methodological approaches developed to measure surface displacement using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical imagery, as well as their applications in the monitoring of major geophysical phenomena. More specifically, the first part of the book presents the theory behind SAR interferometry (InSAR) and image correlation and its latest developments. In the second part, most of the geophysical phenomena that trigger Earth surface deformations are reviewed. Surface Displacement Measurement from Remote Sensing Images unveils the potential and sensitivity of the measurement of Earth surface displacements from remote sensing imagery.
Download or read book Measuring and modeling the ground deformation of geological disasters using modern geodesy written by Xinjian Shan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-07-19 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book InSAR Crustal Deformation Monitoring Modeling and Error Analysis written by Yu Chen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-10-11 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Framework for Comparing Geomechanical Models of InSAR measured Surface Deformation written by Neil Edward James De Laplante and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-quality Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) surface deformation data for field sites around the world has become widely available over the past decade. Geomechanical models based on InSAR data occur frequently in the literature but few methods of systematically optimizing or comparing them are presented. This work discusses parameterization errors for simplified models of strike-slip, normal, thrust and reservoir-style faulting with the aim of identifying tests or characteristics that can differentiate between error types uniquely. Fault dip errors, slip errors and depth errors are modelled using a simple homogeneous elastic half-space earth model. Simple difference maps prove to be a powerful tool for identifying error types and parameter sensitivity, with gradient maps and gradient difference maps useful for distinguishing between similar cases. The fault dip proves to be more indicative of error resolving capability than the faulting regime; errors on intermediately dipping faults are very difficult to differentiate. More detailed modelling of compound errors, complex geomechanical properties and noisy data is proposed. The use of the tests as the starting point for an artificially intelligent modelling package is briefly discussed.
Download or read book Urban Informatics written by Wenzhong Shi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-06 with total page 941 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book is the first to systematically introduce the principles of urban informatics and its application to every aspect of the city that involves its functioning, control, management, and future planning. It introduces new models and tools being developed to understand and implement these technologies that enable cities to function more efficiently – to become ‘smart’ and ‘sustainable’. The smart city has quickly emerged as computers have become ever smaller to the point where they can be embedded into the very fabric of the city, as well as being central to new ways in which the population can communicate and act. When cities are wired in this way, they have the potential to become sentient and responsive, generating massive streams of ‘big’ data in real time as well as providing immense opportunities for extracting new forms of urban data through crowdsourcing. This book offers a comprehensive review of the methods that form the core of urban informatics from various kinds of urban remote sensing to new approaches to machine learning and statistical modelling. It provides a detailed technical introduction to the wide array of tools information scientists need to develop the key urban analytics that are fundamental to learning about the smart city, and it outlines ways in which these tools can be used to inform design and policy so that cities can become more efficient with a greater concern for environment and equity.
Download or read book Processing of Synthetic Aperture Radar Data as Applied to the Characterization of Localized Deformation Features written by Richard A. Coffman and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Satellite-based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has been used by the geoscience community for many years to obtain ground deformation measurements of large-scale spatial features. Researchers have also begun applying InSAR to detect small-scale spatial features associated with geotechnical engineering applications. However, there is a significant lack of understanding on how to obtain ground deformation measurements associated with civil infrastructure because of the generally large spatial resolution of the imagery as compared with the limited spatial scale of the deformation features. In this study, InSAR processing techniques were evaluated for two demonstration sites to enhance the understanding of detection of small-scale spatial features. The sites consist of a predominately urban site (Los Angeles, California) and a predominately rural site (outside of Mosul, Iraq). Localized deformation features were identified at both of these sites using InSAR processing techniques recommended in this research InSAR coverage allows for the detection of small movements (
Download or read book Linear Algebra Geodesy and GPS written by Gilbert Strang and published by SIAM. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses algorithms generally expressed in MATLAB for geodesy and global positioning. Three parts cover basic linear algebra, the application to the (linear and also nonlinear) science of measurement, and the GPS system and its applications. A popular article from SIAM News (June 1997) The Mathematics of GPS is included as an introduction. Annot
Download or read book Treatise on Geophysics Volume 3 written by Tom Herring and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-04-20 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geodesy, which is the science of measuring the size and shape of the Earth, explores the theory, instrumentation and results from modern geodetic systems. The beginning sections of the volume cover the theory of the Earth's gravity field, the instrumentation for measuring the field, and its temporal variations. The measurements and results obtained from variations in the rotation of the Earth are covered in the sections on short and long period rotation hanges. Space based geodetic methods, including the global positioning system (GPS) and Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR), are also examined in detail. Self-contained volume starts with an overview of the subject then explores each topic with in depth detail Extensive reference lists and cross references with other volumes to facilitate further research Full-color figures and tables support the text and aid in understanding Content suited for both the expert and non-expert
