Download or read book Support Facility for a Graphite Target Neutrino Factory written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Target Support Facility for a Neutrino Producing Research Facility extends from the pretarget, primary beam focusing region to the end of the decay channel. Technical components include the target, beam absorber, and solenoid magnetic-field focusing system. While the ultimate goal is to target about 4 MW of proton beam in the target area., smaller values and different target materials (e.g., low Z) are considered to facilitate the first step. As detailed in this report, a carbon target was chosen with an incident primary beam power of 1.5 MW, The target is embedded in a high-field solenoid magnet of 20 T, followed by a transition section channel, where the field tapers down to 1.25 T. An iterative design process has been carried out which optimizes Monte Carlo code flux projections with realistic magnetic-field parameters. The severe radiation environment and component shielding requirements strongly influence design choices. The overall system design includes the capture and decay channel solenoids, the design parameters of which were provided by the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. This design balances resistive and superconducting magnet contributions. Facility requirements, including shielding, remote handling, radioactive water system, etc. are based on the final design goal of 4 MW. The extent of the Target Support Facility and radiation-handling equipment includes the 50-m decay channel, where remote-handling operations are also required.
Download or read book Graphite Sublimation Tests for the Muon Collider Neutrino Factory Target Development Program written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A passively cooled graphite target was proposed for a 1.5 MW neutrino production research facility because of its simplicity and favorable performance as a target material for neutrino production (Ref. 1). The conceptual design for the target in the Reference 1 study was a graphite rod 15 mm in diameter by 800 mm long. Figure 1 shows the graphite target rod supported by graphite spokes, which are mounted to a water-cooled stainless steel support tube. The target is radiatively cooled to the water-cooled surface of the support tube. Based on nuclear analysis results (Ref. 2), the time-averaged power deposition in the target is 35 kW. If this power is deposited uniformly along the axial length of the target, the volumetric power deposition in the target is about 250 MW/m[sup 3]. The target surface temperature required to radiate the deposited power to a water-cooled tube is estimated to be about 1850 C, and the temperature at the center of the target is about 75 C hotter. The sublimation erosion rate (e), estimated assuming that the graphite is submersed in a perfect vacuum environment, can be derived from kinetic theory and is given by: e= p[sub sat] (m/2[pi] kT)[sup 1/2] where p[sub sat] is the saturation pressure, m is the molecular weight, k is the Boltzmann constant, and T is the surface temperature. The saturation pressure given in Ref. 3 can be approximated by: p[sub sat]= exp( -A/T+ B) where A= 9.47 x 10[sup 3], B= 24.2, and the units of p[sub sat] and T are atmospheres and K, respectively. Using these equations, the saturation pressure and sublimation erosion rate are plotted in Fig. 2 as a function of temperature. The surface recession rate shown with units of mm/s in Fig. 2 assumes one-sided erosion. At the average power deposition value of 250 MW/m[sup 3], the surface temperature is 1850 C resulting in a sublimation erosion rate of only 2.2 mm/day. However, if the actual power deposition were peaked by a factor of two in the axial direction, then the surface temperature would be 2260 C and the surface recession rate would be 2.8 mm/day, which is clearly unacceptable. To establish the viability of a graphite target at the reference power levels and perhaps extend the power handling performance of radiatively cooled graphite targets, a helium cover gas at nominally one atmosphere pressure was proposed as a means to greatly reduce the net erosion rate. The mean free path for a graphite atom in a helium environment at a pressure of one atmosphere is less than 0.1 mm, which means that graphite that is sublimated from the target surface will travel on average less than 0.1 mm before it interacts with the helium. Given this small mean-free-path, it can be expected that a large fraction of the graphite that is sublimated will find its way back to the graphite surface and re-condense on the target, thereby greatly reducing the net erosion rate. The primary purposes for performing the tests described in this report are to (1) verify that we can reproduce the sublimation erosion rate expected for high vacuum conditions and (2) establish the reduction in net sublimation of graphite as a function of the gas (He) pressure in a chamber that roughly simulates the stainless steel support tube discussed above. Thus far, the first objective has been accomplished, but more work is required to accomplish the second. The experimental apparatus is described in Section 2 of this report and results obtained thus far are presented in Section 3 of this report.
Download or read book Support Facility for a Mercury Target Neutrino Factory written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A conceptual design for a neutrino-producing facility is presented, including the mercury-jet target system, beam absorber, and facility for the target/capture region. The mercury system is a closed loop that includes a containment structure in the high-magnetic field region, a mercury pool beam absorber, conventional equipment such as magnetic-coupled pumps, valves, a heat exchanger, and a special nozzle insert. The superconducting solenoids in the target region are protected from nuclear heating and radiation damage with water-cooled tungsten-carbide shielding; the decay channel solenoids are protected with water-cooled steel shielding. The target region and decay channel have high-neutron fluxes resulting in components that are highly activated. Therefore, the facility configuration is based on remotely maintaining the target system and the magnets, as well as providing sufficient shielding for personnel. Summaries of cost estimates for the target system, magnet shielding, maintenance equipment, and the facility are also presented.
Download or read book High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams written by Weiren Chou and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 2002-11-20 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 20th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop took place from April 8 to 12, 2002 at Fermilab, co-sponsored by Fermilab and KEK. The theme of this workshop was "High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams". The workshop covered a broad range of topics associated with such beams, including reviews of the performance of existing high-intensity hadron machines, overviews of planned high-intensity hadron sources and projects, presentations on accelerator physics issues, technical systems designs, and applications of these beams in high energy physics, nuclear physics, heavy ion fusion, medicine, industry, and other fields.
Download or read book Project X Accelerator R D Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Project X is a high intensity proton facility conceived to support a world-leading program in neutrino and flavor physics over the next two decades at Fermilab. Project X is an integral part of the Fermilab Roadmap as described in the Fermilab Steering Group Report. Project X is based on an 8 GeV superconducting H-linac, paired with the existing (but modified) Main Injector and Recycler Ring, to provide in excess of 2 MW of beam power throughout the energy range 60-120 GeV, simultaneous with at least 100 kW of beam power at 8 GeV. The linac utilizes technology in common with the ILC over the energy range 0.6-8.0 GeV. Beam current parameters can be made identical to ILC resulting in identical rf generation and distribution systems. This alignment of ILC and Project X technologies allows for a shared development effort. The initial 0.6 GeV of the linac draws heavily on technology developed by Argonne National Laboratory for a facility for rare isotope beams. It is anticipated that the exact configuration and operating parameters of the linac will be defined through the R & D program and will retain alignment with the ILC plan as it evolves over this period. Utilization of the Recycler Ring as an H− stripper and accumulator ring is the key element that provides the flexibility to operate the linac with the same beam parameters as the ILC. The linac operates at 5 Hz with a total of 5.6 x 1013 H− ions delivered per pulse. H− are stripped at injection into the Recycler in a manner that 'paints' the beam both transversely and longitudinally to reduce space charge forces. Following the 1 ms injection, the orbit moves off the stripping foil and circulates for 200 msec, awaiting the next injection. Following three such injections a total of 1.7 x 1014 protons are transferred in a single turn to the Main Injector. These protons are then accelerated to 120 GeV and fast extracted to a neutrino target. The Main Injector cycle takes 1.4 seconds, producing approximately 2.3 MW of beam power at 120 GeV. At lower proton energies Main Injector cycle times can be shorter, allowing a beam power above 2 MW in the range of proton energy between 60 GeV and 120 GeV. In parallel, because the loading of the Recycler only requires 0.6 seconds, up to four linac cycles are available for accumulation and distribution of 8 GeV protons from the Recycler. Total available 8 GeV beam power lies in the range of 100-200 kW, depending on the energy in the Main Injector. Primary modifications to the existing accelerator complex to support Project X include integration of an H− injection system, a new RF system, a new extraction system, and measures to mitigate electron cloud effects, in the Recycler Ring. The Main Injector would need a new RF system, measures to preserve beam stability through transition, and measures to mitigate electron cloud effects. Finally, substantial modifications to the existing NuMI target station will be required to support>2 MW operations. It is anticipated that Project X configured as described above would initially support high intensity neutrino beams to the NOvA experiment, in parallel with at least one new 8 GeV based flavor/rare decay experiment. Depending upon future directions flexibility is retained for delivering neutrinos toward the DUSEL site and/or protons into the Tevatron. The purpose of this document is to describe an R & D plan that would position the U.S. to initiate construction of Project X in the 2012 time frame, assuming a go ahead decision in roughly 2010. The organization of this document is as follows: (1) Goals - Describes goals of the R & D and preliminary design period (2008-2011). Included are design, technical development, project documentation, and organizational goals. These are described in the context of an overall set of performance goals for Project X. (2) R & D Plan Elements - Describes the essential technical elements of the plan, including major subsystem performance requirements, associated accelerator and technology issues, and the plans for addressing these issues. (3) R & D Plan - Describes how the plan elements are assembled into a time-ordered plan, defines the associated resources required to support this plan, and describes the alignment of activities undertaken within the Project X, SRF/ILC, and HINS programs. Also describes how the R & D plan will be organized and executed by the prospective participating institutions.
Download or read book Particle Physics Reference Library written by Christian W. Fabjan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020 with total page 1083 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second open access volume of the handbook series deals with detectors, large experimental facilities and data handling, both for accelerator and non-accelerator based experiments. It also covers applications in medicine and life sciences. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the "Particle Physics Reference Library" provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A, B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open access
Download or read book CERN Courier written by European Organization for Nuclear Research and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This journal is devoted to the latest research on physics, publishing articles on everything from elementary particle behavior to black holes and the history of the universe.
Download or read book Accelerator Physics at the Tevatron Collider written by Valery Lebedev and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-29 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the developments in accelerator physics and technology implemented at the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider, the world’s most powerful accelerator for almost twenty years prior to the completion of the Large Hadron Collider. The book covers the history of collider operation and upgrades, novel arrangements of beam optics and methods of orbit control, antiproton production and cooling, beam instabilities and feedback systems, halo collimation, and advanced beam instrumentation. The topics discussed show the complexity and breadth of the issues associated with modern hadron accelerators, while providing a systematic approach needed in the design and construction of next generation colliders. This book is a valuable resource for researchers in high energy physics and can serve as an introduction for students studying the beam physics of colliders.
Download or read book Proceedings of the 1989 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 988 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Particle Detectors written by Hermann Kolanoski and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 949 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the fundamentals of particle detectors as well as their applications. Detector development is an important part of nuclear, particle and astroparticle physics, and through its applications in radiation imaging, it paves the way for advancements in the biomedical and materials sciences. Knowledge in detector physics is one of the required skills of an experimental physicist in these fields. The breadth of knowledge required for detector development comprises many areas of physics and technology, starting from interactions of particles with matter, gas- and solid-state physics, over charge transport and signal development, to elements of microelectronics. The book's aim is to describe the fundamentals of detectors and their different variants and implementations as clearly as possible and as deeply as needed for a thorough understanding. While this comprehensive opus contains all the materials taught in experimental particle physics lectures or modules addressing detector physics at the Master's level, it also goes well beyond these basic requirements. This is an essential text for students who want to deepen their knowledge in this field. It is also a highly useful guide for lecturers and scientists looking for a starting point for detector development work.
Download or read book IGISOL written by Juha Äystö and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-23 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IGISOL group at the University of Jyväskyla studies the properties of nuclei far off the line of beta stability. These studies are performed locally at the Jyväskylä Ion Guide Isotope Separator On-Line (IGISOL) facility, as well as at a number of other laboratories such as the ISOLDE facility in CERN, at GANIL and in Helmholzzentrum GSI, the location of the future radioactive beam facility FAIR. The group is also actively involved in work to support the development of international future facilities EURISOL and aforementioned FAIR. This book presents carefully selected papers to portrait the work at IGISOL. Previously published in the journals Hyperfine Interactions and European Physical Journal A.
Download or read book New Perspectives On Einstein s E Mc2 written by Young Suh Kim and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-09-18 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Einstein's energy-momentum relation is applicable to particles of all speeds, including the particle at rest and the massless particle moving with the speed of light. If one formula or formalism is applicable to all speeds, we say it is 'Lorentz-covariant.' As for the internal space-time symmetries, there does not appear to be a clear way to approach this problem. For a particle at rest, there are three spin degrees of freedom. For a massless particle, there are helicity and gauge degrees of freedom. The aim of this book is to present one Lorentz-covariant picture of these two different space-time symmetries. Using the same mathematical tool, it is possible to give a Lorentz-covariant picture of Gell-Mann's quark model for the proton at rest and Feynman's parton model for the fast-moving proton. The mathematical formalism for these aspects of the Lorentz covariance is based on two-by-two matrices and harmonic oscillators which serve as two basic scientific languages for many different branches of physics. It is pointed out that the formalism presented in this book is applicable to various aspects of optical sciences of current interest.
Download or read book Electrical Electronics Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 1948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Physics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-02-25 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principal goals of the study were to articulate the scientific rationale and objectives of the field and then to take a long-term strategic view of U.S. nuclear science in the global context for setting future directions for the field. Nuclear Physics: Exploring the Heart of Matter provides a long-term assessment of an outlook for nuclear physics. The first phase of the report articulates the scientific rationale and objectives of the field, while the second phase provides a global context for the field and its long-term priorities and proposes a framework for progress through 2020 and beyond. In the second phase of the study, also developing a framework for progress through 2020 and beyond, the committee carefully considered the balance between universities and government facilities in terms of research and workforce development and the role of international collaborations in leveraging future investments. Nuclear physics today is a diverse field, encompassing research that spans dimensions from a tiny fraction of the volume of the individual particles (neutrons and protons) in the atomic nucleus to the enormous scales of astrophysical objects in the cosmos. Nuclear Physics: Exploring the Heart of Matter explains the research objectives, which include the desire not only to better understand the nature of matter interacting at the nuclear level, but also to describe the state of the universe that existed at the big bang. This report explains how the universe can now be studied in the most advanced colliding-beam accelerators, where strong forces are the dominant interactions, as well as the nature of neutrinos.
