Download or read book Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Soil Matrices written by Mark S. Ruppel and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Use of Supercritical Fluid Extraction as a Sample Preparation Technique for Soils written by LA. Dolata and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using off-line supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were extracted at different levels from various soil and sediment matrices. Based upon GC/MS measurements a number of SFE operational parameters including pressure, temperature and flow rate, were optimized to yield the highest efficiencies with the best precision.
Download or read book Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Contaminated Soil written by Arthur T. Andrews and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Desorption of Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Soil Matrices Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction written by Stephen Michael Caswell and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Supercritical Fluid Extraction SFE and High Performance Liquid Chromotography HPLC Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon PAH Contaminated Soil written by Marie Renee Gargas and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Supercritical Fluid Extraction written by Jennifer Maria Wing and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Systematic Approach to On line Supercritical Fluid Extraction Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method Development written by Alison Paige Wicker and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coupling supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) on-line with supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) - tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) provides a platform for extraction, separation, and detection in a single analysis. Utilization of this technique simplifies sample preparation while limiting sample loss and/or contamination and significantly decreases total analysis time. SFE-SFC-MS/MS requires consideration of many extraction and chromatographic variables to not only provide the most efficient extraction, but to analytically transfer the extracted analytes to the column for separation. There is a fundamental lack of understanding of how the variables in SFE affect those in SFC. In the first study, on-line SFE-SFC-MS/MS was applied for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the first on-line SFE-SFC-MS/MS method for the quantification of PAHs in various types of soil. Parameters for on-line extraction coupled to chromatographic analysis were optimized. The method was validated for concentrations of 10-1500 ng of PAHs per gram of soil in Certified Reference Material (CRM) sediment, clay, and sand with R2≥0.99. Limits of detection (LOD) were found in the range of 0.001-5 ng/g, and limits of quantification (LOQ) in the range of 5-15 ng/g. The method developed in this study can be effectively applied to the study of PAHs in the environment, and lays the foundation for further applications of on-line SFE-SFC-MS. Typically, a univariate approach is taken in on-line SFE-SFC-MS/MS method development which provides little insight into how the variables work together. In the second study, a multivariate approach was used to develop a better understanding of the synergistic relationship between the extraction and separation processes by focusing on the optimization of extraction parameters for target analytes with a wide range of physicochemical properties in matrices of variable retentivity. Optimal extraction parameters were determined for 18 analytes in three variable sample types. Compromise in optimal extraction parameters must be made when simultaneously extracting and analyzing a significantly wide range of analytes. Detection of drugs of abuse (DoA) in hair; being a convenient and noninvasive technique for the determination of controlled substances, is important in forensics and toxicology. SFE-SFC-MS/MS being ideal for DoA determination in complex matrices, provides a highly specific and sensitive chemical analysis while limiting the need for extensive manual sample preparation. Supercritical fluid extraction of seventeen DoAs from human hair was performed on-line using carbon dioxide (CO2) with 5 mM ammonium formate in methanol. Optimal conditions for simultaneously extracting 17 drugs of abuse were predicted using models developed by response surface methodology. Multivariate analysis was used to optimize extraction parameters, including time (static and dynamic), modifier concentration, flow rate and extraction pressure. It was determined that a compromise between flow rate and concentration was required. Optimal extraction occurred using 15% modifier at 5.00 mL/min for an 8 minute static extraction followed by 15 minutes of dynamic flow at 2 % modifier with a 30 °C extraction vessel temperature and dual backpressures of 10.0 MPa. Significant performance differences were observed between the extraction of standard analytes spiked onto blank hair samples and extraction of a known drug user's hair where the analytes of interest were incorporated into hair growth. The known drug user's hair required multiple extractions to liberate the illicit substance from the complex hair matrix. The amount of analyte extracted during a third round of extractions was observed at double the amount extracted in the first extraction. In samples with spiked on analytes, the amount of extracted analyte decreased with each consecutive extraction. More work is needed to address the matrix effects of drugs incorporated into hair. Most methods developed for hair analysis rely upon spiked samples; however, it appears that a spiked sample versus an incorporated sample may not be comparable. Determining a better method for incorporating standards into hair will provide the basis for an improved extraction and quantification.
Download or read book Characteristics and Performance of Supercritical Fluid Extraction SFE in the Analysis of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soils and Sludges written by Steven B. Hawthorne and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Sediments written by Hing-Biu Lee and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil and Sediment Remediation written by Piet Lens and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2005-09-30 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil and Sediment Remediation discusses in detail a whole set of remediative technologies currently available to minimise their impact. Technologies for the treatment of soils and sediments in-situ (landfarming, bioscreens, bioventing, nutrient injection, phytoremediation) and ex-situ (landfarming, bio-heap treatment, soil suspension reactor) will be discussed. The microbiological, process technological and socio-economical aspects of these technologies will be addressed. Special attention will be given to novel biotechnological processes that utilise sulfur cycle conversions, e.g. sulfur and heavy metal removal from soils. Also the potential of phytoremediation will be highlighted. In addition, treatment schemes for the clean-up of polluted megasites, e.g. harbours and Manufactured Gaswork Plants (MGP), will be elaborated. The aim of Soil and Sediment Remediation is to introduce the reader in: the biogeochemical characteristics of soil and sediments- new techniques to study soil/sediment processes (molecular probes, microelectrodes, NMR) clean up technologies for soils polluted with organic (PAH, NAPL, solvents) or inorganic (heavy metals) pollutants- preventative and remediative strategies and technologies available in environmental engineering novel process applications and bioreactor designs for bioremediation the impact of soil pollution on society and its economic importance.
Download or read book Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Its Application to Environmental Analysis written by WF. Beckert and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sand samples spiked with Aroclor 1232/1260, 17 organochlorine pesticides, 25 organophosphorus pesticides, 43 neutral/acidic compounds, and 16 PAHs were extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide at various pressures and temperatures to establish whether or not such type of compounds can be recovered from solid matrices by supercritical fluid extraction. A few Standard Reference Materials from NIST, spiked only with PAHs, were also evaluated.
Download or read book Analytical Supercritical Fluid Extraction written by Maria D. Luque de Castro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in analytical chemistry have turned it into a virtually unrecognizable science compared to a few decades ago, when it lagged behind other sciences and techniques. However, advances in analytical science have been far from universal: while innovations in instrumentation and data acquisition and processing systems have reached unprecedented levels thanks to parallel breakthroughs in computer science and chemo metrics, progress in preliminary operations has been much slower despite their importance to analytical results. Thus, such clear trends in analytical process development as automation and miniaturization have not reached preliminary operations to the same extent, even though this area is pro bably in the greatest need. Improvement in preliminary operations is thus an urgent goal of analytical chemistry on the verge of the twenty first century. Increased R&D endeavours and manufacture of commercially available automatic equipment for implementation of the wide variety of operations that separate the uncollected, unmeasured, untreated sample from the signal measuring step are thus crucial on account of the wide variability of such operations, which precludes development of all-purpose equipment, and the complexity of some, particularly relating to solid samples. Supercritical fluid extraction opens up interesting prospects in this context and is no doubt an effective approach to automatioI1 and mini aturization in the preliminary steps of the analytical process. The dramatic developments achieved in its short life are atypical in many respects.
Download or read book Analytical Supercritical Fluid Extraction Techniques written by E.D. Ramsey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decade supercritical fluid extration (SFE) has attracted considerable attention as a sample preparation procedure in analytical chemistry. The successful implementation of this technique can lead to improved sample throughput, more efficient recovery of analytes, cleaner extracts, economic replacement of halogenated solvents and a high level of automation, compared to conventional sample preparation procedures. This book provides an overview of basic principles of SFE as well as in-depth reviews of both on- and off-line SFE methods. The on-line coupling of SFE with both chromatographic and spectroscopics techniques has been the subject of a great deal of research effort and is dealt with in detail. Newer developments, such as off-line SFE of solid and liquid matrices, are starting to attract a great deal of interest, and the coverage of these areas will prove of particular value to the analytical chemist. The international team of authors has illustrated these topics with many `state-of-the-art' applications, and each chapter provides a comprehensive list of references. For the convenience of the reader, an appendix which contains pressure conversion scales and supercritical fluid carbon dioxide density tables appears at the end of the book. The volume's extensive coverage of both on-line and off-line extraction will be particularly useful to analytical chemists, in a wide range of environments, seeking to develop high quality, simple and robust SFE methods.
Download or read book Contaminated Soil 95 written by W.J. van den Brink and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1995-10-31 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the Fifth International FZK/TNO Conference on Contaminated Soil, 30 October-3 November, 1995, Maastricht, the Netherlands
Download or read book Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Plant and Environmental Samples written by Wan A. Wan Ibrahim and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the inception of analytical supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) in the early 80's, this technique has garnered great attractions in the extractions of variety of analytes from variety of matrices. In this study. supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2) has been examined as a sample preparation method for the extraction of eugenol from plant matrix prior to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and for the extraction of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from sewerage sludges and chlorpyrifos from formulation and soil samples prior to capillary gas chromatography (GC) analysis. This is an area of considerable interest as many current methods use environmentally hazardous chlorinated solvents and alternative methods are required. Although numerous studies have examined the potential application of SFE to isolate pesticides and plant products, the work has been qualitative rather than quantitative. The present work describes studies which have examined the supercritical conditions needed for complete extraction of the pesticides and plant product eugenol. Initially a complex matrix sludge was chosen. Later a simple matrix soil was chosen and a single pesticide chlorpyrifos was used as the SFE of sludge was unsuccessful. In the extraction of chlorpyrifos problems were encountered in the trapping of the extract on depressurisation of the SC CO2. The effect of collection solvent, CO2 flow rate, solvent depth, and restrictor heating on the trapping efficiency have been investigated. Two methods of trapping were evaluated. Once a quantitative trapping method was established, the effect of different soil matrices on the recovery of chlorpyrifos at different chlorpyrifos spiking level was investigated. The SFE of soil was compared to Soxhlet extraction.
Download or read book Special Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Organic Compounds in Soils Sediments Sludges written by T Roy Crompton and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-11-29 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing awareness of the effects of pollutants in the eco-system and on the development of suitable methods of analysis has stimulated a lot of research recently. This volume comprehensively discusses the range of methods available for the analysis and determination of organic compounds in soils, river and marine sediments and industrial slu
