Download or read book Why We re Polarized written by Ezra Klein and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2020-01-28 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ONE OF BARACK OBAMA’S FAVORITE BOOKS OF 2022 One of Bill Gates’s “5 books to read this summer,” this New York Times and Wall Street Journal bestseller shows us that America’s political system isn’t broken. The truth is scarier: it’s working exactly as designed. In this “superbly researched” (The Washington Post) and timely book, journalist Ezra Klein reveals how that system is polarizing us—and how we are polarizing it—with disastrous results. “The American political system—which includes everyone from voters to journalists to the president—is full of rational actors making rational decisions given the incentives they face,” writes political analyst Ezra Klein. “We are a collection of functional parts whose efforts combine into a dysfunctional whole.” “A thoughtful, clear and persuasive analysis” (The New York Times Book Review), Why We’re Polarized reveals the structural and psychological forces behind America’s descent into division and dysfunction. Neither a polemic nor a lament, this book offers a clear framework for understanding everything from Trump’s rise to the Democratic Party’s leftward shift to the politicization of everyday culture. America is polarized, first and foremost, by identity. Everyone engaged in American politics is engaged, at some level, in identity politics. Over the past fifty years in America, our partisan identities have merged with our racial, religious, geographic, ideological, and cultural identities. These merged identities have attained a weight that is breaking much in our politics and tearing at the bonds that hold this country together. Klein shows how and why American politics polarized around identity in the 20th century, and what that polarization did to the way we see the world and one another. And he traces the feedback loops between polarized political identities and polarized political institutions that are driving our system toward crisis. “Well worth reading” (New York magazine), this is an “eye-opening” (O, The Oprah Magazine) book that will change how you look at politics—and perhaps at yourself.

Download or read book Polarized written by James E. Campbell and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-27 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An eye-opening look at how and why America has become so politically polarized Many continue to believe that the United States is a nation of political moderates. In fact, it is a nation divided. It has been so for some time and has grown more so. This book provides a new and historically grounded perspective on the polarization of America, systematically documenting how and why it happened. Polarized presents commonsense benchmarks to measure polarization, draws data from a wide range of historical sources, and carefully assesses the quality of the evidence. Through an innovative and insightful use of circumstantial evidence, it provides a much-needed reality check to claims about polarization. This rigorous yet engaging and accessible book examines how polarization displaced pluralism and how this affected American democracy and civil society. Polarized challenges the widely held belief that polarization is the product of party and media elites, revealing instead how the American public in the 1960s set in motion the increase of polarization. American politics became highly polarized from the bottom up, not the top down, and this began much earlier than often thought. The Democrats and the Republicans are now ideologically distant from each other and about equally distant from the political center. Polarized also explains why the parties are polarized at all, despite their battle for the decisive median voter. No subject is more central to understanding American politics than political polarization, and no other book offers a more in-depth and comprehensive analysis of the subject than this one.

Download or read book University Physics written by OpenStax and published by . This book was released on 2016-11-04 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: University Physics is a three-volume collection that meets the scope and sequence requirements for two- and three-semester calculus-based physics courses. Volume 1 covers mechanics, sound, oscillations, and waves. Volume 2 covers thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism, and Volume 3 covers optics and modern physics. This textbook emphasizes connections between between theory and application, making physics concepts interesting and accessible to students while maintaining the mathematical rigor inherent in the subject. Frequent, strong examples focus on how to approach a problem, how to work with the equations, and how to check and generalize the result. The text and images in this textbook are grayscale.

Download or read book Polarized America written by Nolan McCarty and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2006-06-16 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis of how the increasing polarization of American politics has been accompanied and accelerated by greater income inequality, rising immigration, and other social and economic changes.

Download or read book Polarized Light written by Dennis H. Goldstein and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 809 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polarized light is a pervasive influence in our world—and scientists and engineers in a variety of fields require the tools to understand, measure, and apply it to their advantage. Offering an in-depth examination of the subject and a description of its applications, Polarized Light, Third Edition serves as a comprehensive self-study tool complete with an extensive mathematical analysis of the Mueller matrix and coverage of Maxwell’s equations. Links Historical Developments to Current Applications and Future Innovations This book starts with a general description of light and continues with a complete exploration of polarized light, including how it is produced and its practical applications. The author incorporates basic topics, such as polarization by refraction and reflection, polarization elements, anisotropic materials, polarization formalisms (Mueller–Stokes and Jones) and associated mathematics, and polarimetry, or the science of polarization measurement. New to the Third Edition: A new introductory chapter Chapters on: polarized light in nature, and form birefringence A review of the history of polarized light, and a chapter on the interference laws of Fresnel and Arago—both completely re-written A new appendix on conventions used in polarized light New graphics, and black-and-white photos and color plates Divided into four parts, this book covers the fundamental concepts and theoretical framework of polarized light. Next, it thoroughly explores the science of polarimetry, followed by discussion of polarized light applications. The author concludes by discussing how our polarized light framework is applied to physics concepts, such as accelerating charges and quantum systems. Building on the solid foundation of the first two editions, this book reorganizes and updates existing material on fundamentals, theory, polarimetry, and applications. It adds new chapters, graphics, and color photos, as well as a new appendix on conventions used in polarized light. As a result, the author has re-established this book’s lofty status in the pantheon of literature on this important field.

Download or read book Summary of Polarized E written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of polarized electron sources in the 1970s capable of generating beams for injection into electron accelerators has been a major enabling factor for spin physics with electrons during the past quarter century. These sources continue to be refined for higher polarization and better operability. Recent developments were presented at this workshop in both plenary sessions and in 2 separate parallel sessions. The ILC plans to utilize not only a polarized electron source but also a polarized positron source. The current state of two types of positron sources were presented. This paper is a brief summary of all of these presentations.

Download or read book Polarized Electrons written by J. Kessler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the physics of spin-polarized free electrons. Many aspects of this rapidly expanding field have been treated in review articles, but to date a self-contained monograph has not been available. In writing this book, I have tried to oppose the current trend in science that sees specialists writing primarily for like-minded specialists, and even physicists in closely related fields understanding each other less than they are inclined to admit. I have attempted to treat a modern field of physics in a style similar to that of a textbook. The presentation should be intelligible to readers at the graduate level, and while it may demand concentration, I hope it will not require decipher ing. If the reader feels that it occasionally dwells upon rather elementary topics, he should remember that this pedestrian excursion is meant to be reasonably self-contained. It was, for example, necessary to give a simple introduction to the Dirac theory in order to have a basis for the discussion of Mott scattering-one of the most important techniques in polarized electron studies.

Download or read book Polarized Light in Fiber Optics written by Edward Collett and published by SPIE Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is both a coherent exposition and an in-depth mathematical analysis of polarized light in fiber optics. It also is an essential reference for scientists, optical and electrical engineers, optical physicists, and researchers working in the field of fiber optics and in related optical fields. Upper-level undergraduate, graduate, and continuing-education students will refer to it again and again.

Download or read book It s Even Worse Than It Looks written by Thomas E. Mann and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2016-04-05 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acrimony and hyperpartisanship have seeped into every part of the political process. Congress is deadlocked and its approval ratings are at record lows. America's two main political parties have given up their traditions of compromise, endangering our very system of constitutional democracy. And one of these parties has taken on the role of insurgent outlier; the Republicans have become ideologically extreme, scornful of compromise, and ardently opposed to the established social and economic policy regime.In It's Even Worse Than It Looks, congressional scholars Thomas Mann and Norman Ornstein identify two overriding problems that have led Congress -- and the United States -- to the brink of institutional collapse. The first is the serious mismatch between our political parties, which have become as vehemently adversarial as parliamentary parties, and a governing system that, unlike a parliamentary democracy, makes it extremely difficult for majorities to act. Second, while both parties participate in tribal warfare, both sides are not equally culpable. The political system faces what the authors call &"asymmetric polarization," with the Republican Party implacably refusing to allow anything that might help the Democrats politically, no matter the cost.With dysfunction rooted in long-term political trends, a coarsened political culture and a new partisan media, the authors conclude that there is no &"silver bullet"; reform that can solve everything. But they offer a panoply of useful ideas and reforms, endorsing some solutions, like greater public participation and institutional restructuring of the House and Senate, while debunking others, like independent or third-party candidates. Above all, they call on the media as well as the public at large to focus on the true causes of dysfunction rather than just throwing the bums out every election cycle. Until voters learn to act strategically to reward problem solving and punish obstruction, American democracy will remain in serious danger.

Download or read book Descriptive Analysis in Sensory Evaluation written by Sarah E. Kemp and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-03-19 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of the techniques and applications of descriptive analysis Sensory evaluation is a scientific discipline used to evoke, measure, analyse and interpret responses to products perceived through the senses of sight, smell, touch, taste and hearing. It is used to reveal insights into the ways in which sensory properties drive consumer acceptance and behaviour, and to design products that best deliver what the consumer wants. Descriptive analysis is one of the most sophisticated, flexible and widely used tools in the field of sensory analysis. It enables objective description of the nature and magnitude of sensory characteristics for use in consumer-driven product design, manufacture and communication. Descriptive Analysis in Sensory Evaluation provides a comprehensive overview of a wide range of traditional and recently-developed descriptive techniques, including history, theory, practical considerations, statistical analysis, applications, case studies and future directions. This important reference, written by academic and industrial sensory scientist, traces the evolution of descriptive analysis, and addresses general considerations, including panel set-up, training, monitoring and performance; psychological factors relevant to assessment; and statistical analysis. Descriptive Analysis in Sensory Evaluation is a valuable resource for sensory professionals working in academia and industry, including sensory scientists, practitioners, trainers and students, and industry-based researchers in quality assurance, research and development, and marketing.

Download or read book Frenemies written by Jaime E. Settle and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-30 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social media is polarizing America: using Facebook causes Americans to negatively judge and stereotype those people with whom they disagree about politics.

Download or read book Polarization in Electromagnetic Systems Second Edition written by Warren L. Stutzman and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2018-02-28 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This completely revised and expanded edition of an Artech House classic Polarization in Electromagnetic Systems presents the principles of polarization as applied to electromagnetic systems. This edition emphasizes the concepts needed for functional aspects of systems calculations and device evaluation. Readers find up-to-date coverage of applications in wireless communications. The fundamentals of polarization are explained, including the principles of wave polarization along with their mathematical representations. This book explores polarized, partially polarized waves, and unpolarized waves. The second part of the book addresses applications of polarization to practical systems. Antenna polarization is covered in detail, including omnidirectional, directional, and broadband antennas with emphasis on antennas for generating linear and circular polarization for each antenna type. This book provides detailed coverage of wave interaction with an antenna and dual-polarized systems. Additional topics covered in this edition include propagation through depolarizing media, polarization in wireless communication systems, including polarization diversity and polarization measurements. This hands-on resource provides a clear exposition on the understanding of polarization principles and evaluation of the performance of electromagnetic systems.

Download or read book Polarization in Spectral Lines written by M. Landi Degl'Innocenti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-17 with total page 899 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scientific research based on spectropolarimetric techniques is undergoing a phase of rapid growth. Instruments of unprecedented sensitivity are nowadays available, particularly for solar observations. To fully exploit the rich diagnostic content of such observations, it is necessary to understand the physical mechanisms involved in the generation and transfer of polarized radiation in astrophysical (or laboratory) plasmas. After an introductory part based on classical physics, this book tackles the subject by a rigorous quantum-mechanical approach. The transfer equations for polarized radiation and the statistical equilibrium equations for the atomic density matrix are derived directly from the principles of Quantum Electrodynamics. The two sets of equations are then used to present a number of applications, mainly concerning the diagnostics of solar magnetic fields. This book is primarily addressed to scientists working in the field of spectropolarimetry. It may also serve as a textbook for a course at the graduate or advanced undergraduate level.

Download or read book The Polarizers written by Sam Rosenfeld and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of responsible partisanship, 1945-1952 -- Democrats and the politics of principle, 1952-1960 -- A choice, not an echo, 1945-1964 -- Power in movement, 1961-1968 -- The age of party reform, 1968-1975 -- The making of a vanguard party, 1969-1980 -- Liberal alliance-building for lean times, 1972-1980 -- Dawn of a new party period, 1980-2000 -- Conclusion polarization without responsibility, 2000-2016

Download or read book Why Washington Won t Work written by Marc J. Hetherington and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2015-09-14 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polarization is at an all-time high in the United States. But contrary to popular belief, Americans are polarized not so much in their policy preferences as in their feelings toward their political opponents: To an unprecedented degree, Republicans and Democrats simply do not like one another. No surprise that these deeply held negative feelings are central to the recent (also unprecedented) plunge in congressional productivity. The past three Congresses have gotten less done than any since scholars began measuring congressional productivity. In Why Washington Won’t Work, Marc J. Hetherington and Thomas J. Rudolph argue that a contemporary crisis of trust—people whose party is out of power have almost no trust in a government run by the other side—has deadlocked Congress. On most issues, party leaders can convince their own party to support their positions. In order to pass legislation, however, they must also create consensus by persuading some portion of the opposing party to trust in their vision for the future. Without trust, consensus fails to develop and compromise does not occur. Up until recently, such trust could still usually be found among the opposition, but not anymore. Political trust, the authors show, is far from a stable characteristic. It’s actually highly variable and contingent on a variety of factors, including whether one’s party is in control, which part of the government one is dealing with, and which policies or events are most salient at the moment. Political trust increases, for example, when the public is concerned with foreign policy—as in times of war—and it decreases in periods of weak economic performance. Hetherington and Rudolph do offer some suggestions about steps politicians and the public might take to increase political trust. Ultimately, however, they conclude that it is unlikely levels of political trust will significantly increase unless foreign concerns come to dominate and the economy is consistently strong.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Polarized Light written by Christian Brosseau and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1998-10-15 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive coverage of light polarization theory and its practical applications in today's cutting-edge technologies Besides being indispensable to modern investigations into the physical world, light polarization is a fundamental component of several revolutionary technological innovations in such diverse fields as telecommunications, pollution control, and medical diagnostics. Yet there is a conspicuous dearth of texts and professional references providing researchers and engineers with a unified, comprehensive treatment of basic light polarization theory and its applications to current microwave and optical technology. This book fills that gap in the literature. Fundamentals of Polarized Light serves equally well as an advanced text for physics and electrical engineering students and a professional reference for practicing engineers and researchers. It combines a rational, integrated presentation of the theory behind modern applications of light polarization with several demonstrations of current applications. A key feature of the book is that the analysis of polarized light and its interaction with linear optical media is presented from a statistical point of view. Topics covered include: * Historical foundations of polarized light * Classical radiation field theory and Maxwell's equations * Statistical theory of partial polarization, including a discussion of the thermodynamics of radiation fields * Propagation of polarized light through linear optical systems * Polarization transfer matrix methods for describing changes in polarization states that occur during reflection and refraction * Propagation of partially polarized waves in disordered systems and anisotropic media * Polarizers, compensators, and other optical components * Measurements of the Jones and Mueller polarization matrices

Download or read book Optical Polarization in Biomedical Applications written by Valery V. Tuchin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-10-12 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Polarization in Biomedical Applications introduces key developments in optical polarization methods for quantitative studies of tissues, while presenting the theory of polarization transfer in a random medium as a basis for the quantitative description of polarized light interaction with tissues. This theory uses the modified transfer equation for Stokes parameters and predicts the polarization structure of multiple scattered optical fields. The backscattering polarization matrices (Jones matrix and Mueller matrix) important for noninvasive medical diagnostic are introduced. The text also describes a number of diagnostic techniques such as CW polarization imaging and spectroscopy, polarization microscopy and cytometry. As a new tool for medical diagnosis, optical coherent polarization tomography is analyzed. The monograph also covers a range of biomedical applications, among them cataract and glaucoma diagnostics, glucose sensing, and the detection of bacteria.