Download or read book Sulphonation Technology in the Detergent Industry written by W. Herman de Groot and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about Sulph(on)ation Technology in its technical entirety, aiming at superiority in final product quality, raw material utilisation, sustained plant reliability and safety, minimisation of liquid effluent and gaseous emissions; it is about the total quality of the operation. It will be of value to engineers and chemists who are, or will be, involved in the practical daily operation of sulphonation plants or R&D activities. The book can also be used as a tool for the teacher in preparing fmal year projects in a chemical engineering curriculum. The book covers sulphonation of alkylbenzenes, primary alcohols, alcohol ethers, alpha-olefIns and fatty acid methyl esters, with a strong emphasis on the sulphur-based S~/air sulphonation technology. The first part deals with raw material specifications, hazards, storage, handling and physical properties. In the following section the process chemistry is discussed, indicating main chemical reactions, undesired parallel and consecutive reactions, exothermal heat effects and all other process chemistry data that are relevant for process selection and equipment design. The section about the actual process equipment from the various plant equipment suppliers (Ballestra, Chemithon, Mazzoni, Meccaniche Modeme and Lion Corp.) takes into account the chemical reaction engineering aspects derived from the sulphonation technology processing chemistry. Product quality, product storage and handling, product safety and physical properties are the contents of the next section. The effluent handling and exhaust gas treatment of the SOiair sulphonation technology are further discussed in detail.
Download or read book Sulfonation and Related Reactions written by Everett Eddy Gilbert and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No general work on the organic derivatives of sulfur trioxide has appeared since the publication of C.M. Suter's basic treatise The Organic Chemistry of Sulfur, which covered the literature through 1941. This book represents an effort to overcome this need The author's approach has been selective, rather than all-inclusive, with the general objective of supplying background information of possible value to the laboratory chemist. Recent trends have been emphasized. Chief among these is the recognition that, although the conventional rules of aromatic orientation are followed under kinetically controlled conditions during sulfonation with sulfuric acid or oleum, these rules are not always followed under conditions that are thermodynamically controlled. This effect is made possible by the reversible nature of the sulfonation reaction, a characteristic which has enough other implications to warrant consideration in a sweparate chapter. Another effect noted increasingly in all aspects of sulfonate preparation, as well as in desulfonation, is the importance of steric requirements. Many examples are noted of the steric assistance or hindrance to be expected in reactions involving moieties as large as sulfur trioxide or sulfite ion. Emphasis is also placed upon recent studies involving the reactions of sulfur trioxide itself, and its various adducts with organic compounds. An effort is made in appropriate cases to bring together isolated facts into possibly meaningful form in such a way as to indicate trends or generalizations.
Download or read book The Sulfonation of Benzene written by Adelbert William Harvey and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanistic Aspects in Aromatic Sulfonation and Desulfonation written by Hans Cerfontain and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aromatic sulfonation with chlorosulfuric acid in nitromethane written by Meint Pieter Van Albada and published by . This book was released on 19?? with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants written by R. M. Mortier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All the principal applications of lubricants are covered as are the base fluid types and various classes of additive. Directed mainly at those working in the lubricants industry, or those in academia, it is also useful to engineers and technologists
Download or read book The Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry written by and published by . This book was released on 1918 with total page 1076 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Surface Sulfonation of Polymers to Impart Selected Barrier Properites written by Jing Yi Zhu and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oleochemical Manufacture and Applications written by F. D. Gunstone and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oleochemical Manufacture and Applications presents an overview of oleochemicals at the research and professional levels, with an emphasis on industrial production and applications. Approximately half of the chapters consider general matters, while the other half deal with applications. Authors are drawn from industrial and academic laboratories around the world. The book is an invaluable reference for chemists and technologists working on the production and use of oleochemicals, analytical chemists, quality assurance personnel, and lipid chemists in academic research laboratories.
Download or read book Advances in Sulphonation Techniques written by Navin G. Ashar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-10 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a complete, in-depth analysis for on the impact of liquid sulfur dioxide and liquid sulfur trioxide to carry out complex and difficult sulfonations, as well as manufacture of sulfuric acid with a CAPEX requirement of less than half, an area requirement less than one-third, and no emission of sulfur dioxide. The processes described in this volume represents an innovative approach relevant to the current manufacturing processes of sulfuric acid, sulfamic acid, para toluene sulfonic acid and other sulfonated product.
Download or read book Anionic Surfactants written by Helmut W. Stache and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-09-13 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work presents a comprehensive survey of important anionic surfactants. It delineates current manufacturing technologies, methods of analysis, practical applications, environmental behaviour and the physicochemical and toxicological properties of surfactants and their related by-products. The uses of anionic surfactants in the cleaning, cosmetic, textile, leather, food, petroleum, metalworking and paper industries, are encompassed.
Download or read book Handbook of Curatives and Crosslinkers written by George Wypych and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-02-28 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Curatives and Crosslinkers presents the mechanisms of action of these additives, methods of their use, their effects on properties of transformed products, and their applications. Chapters cover the common use of curatives in many industrial products manufactured in large scale, such as adhesives, sealants, coatings, inks, explosives, propellants and foams, and in emerging products, such as optoelectronics, shape-memory applications, light-emitting diodes, and more. In addition, crosslinkers used in typical industrial processing methods, such as solar cells, vulcanization, adhesives, foams and roofing are covered. Each section presents the effect of the additive, including an evaluation of its chemical and physical properties. Covers the use of curatives in emerging products, such as optoelectronics, shape-memory applications, light-emitting diodes, liquid crystal displays, self-healing materials, etc. Presents emerging applications, such as drug release, artificial muscles in microdevices, autonomous shape-memory actuators, hygienic textiles, membranes, scaffolds, recycling, sensors, tissue adhesives, wound dressing, and many more
Download or read book Lignin Chemistry and Applications written by Jin Huang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-02-07 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lignin Chemistry and Application systematically discusses the structure, physical and chemical modification of lignin, along with its application in the field of chemicals and materials. It presents the history of lignin chemistry and lignin-modified materials, describes recent progresses, applications and studies, and prospects the development direction of high value applications of lignin in the field of material science. In addition to covering the basic theories and technologies relating to the research and application of lignin in polymer chemistry and materials science, the book also summarizes the latest applications in rubber, engineering plastics, adhesives, films and hydrogels. Systematically discusses the structure, physical and chemical modification of lignin and its application in materials Presents the latest research results in the field of lignin Indicates the development direction of high value applications of lignin in a range of fields, including petrochemicals, household applications, medicine, agriculture, and more
Download or read book Fuel Cells II written by Günther G. Scherer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-11 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept to utilize an ion-conducting polymer membrane as a solid po- mer electrolyte offers several advantages regarding the design and operation of an electrochemical cell, as outlined in Volume 215, Chapter 1 (L. Gubler, G.G. Scherer). Essentially, the solvent and/or transport medium, e.g., H O, 2 + for the mobile ionic species, e.g., H for a cation exchange membrane, is taken up by and con?ned into the nano-dimensional morphology of the i- containingdomainsofthepolymer.Asaconsequence, aphaseseparationinto a hydrophilic ion-containing solvent phase and a hydrophobic polymer ba- bone phase establishes. Because of the narrow solid electrolyte gap in these cells, low ohmic losses reducing the overall cell voltage can be achieved, even at highcurrent densities. This concept was applied to fuel cell technology at a very early stage; h- ever, performance and reliability of the cells were low due to the dissatisfying membrane properties at that time. The development of per?uoro sulfonate and carboxylate-type membranes, in particular for the chlor-alkali process, directly fostered the further development of proton-conducting membranes and, as a consequence, also the progress in this type of fuel cell technology (polymer electrolyte fuel cell, PEFC).
Download or read book Ionomers written by Shulamith Schlick and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-01-15 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The molecular structure and composition of ionomers lead to a complex superposition of properties of organic chains and of polyelectrolytes. The potential use of this class of polymers in applications such as surfactants, ion selective membranes in electrochemical processes, coatings, fuel cells and batteries has sparked a vast amount of research.
Download or read book High Performance Polymers written by Johannes Karl Fink and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2008-07-07 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the state-of-the-art polymerization, fabrication and application methods of high performance industrial polymers, pertaining specifically to recent developments from the chemistry and engineering perspective. All introductory, monomer, polymerization and fabrication techniques are reviewed, and basic information is provided to help demystify the more advanced material. Chapters are arranged according to chemical constitution of the individual classes, starting with main chain carbon-carbon polymers and leading to ether-containing, sulphur-containing, and so on. Special additives, suppliers and commercial grades, safety, environmental impact and recycling are also explained. Commercially available polymers are listed throughout the book. Presents the state-of-the-art polymerization, fabrication and application methods of high performance industrial polymers Provides fundamental information for practical engineers working in industries that develop advanced applications (electronic industry, medical instruments, etc) Discusses environmental impact and recycling of particular polymers Includes recent journal and patent literature of specific interest to specialists
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Surface and Colloid Science written by P. Somasundaran and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
