Download or read book Suggestions for the Teaching of History and Civics in the High School written by August Charles Krey and published by . This book was released on 1911 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Suggestions for the Teaching of History and Civics in the High School Classic Reprint written by August Charles Krey and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2016-08-19 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Suggestions for the Teaching of History and Civics in the High School The material contained in this bulletin is largely a reprint of a bulletin of the same title written by Mr. A. C. Krey (formerly of the University of Texas). As the supply of the original bulletin was exhausted it became necessary to provide a new bulletin. This was done by revising the old bulletin. The work of revision was done by various members of the faculty of the School of History. The extensive bibliography included in the new bulletin is largely the work of Mr. Herbert Keller (formerly of the University of Texas). About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book SUGGESTIONS FOR THE TEACHING O written by August C. (August Charles) 1887-1 Krey and published by Wentworth Press. This book was released on 2016-08-28 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Download or read book The Teaching of Civics Classic Reprint written by Mabel Hill and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-11 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Teaching of Civics WE have come at last to a sound notion of teach ing civics in the schools. Long experience with traditional modes of instruction has indicated their failure, and teachers now turn to a more direct application of important principles of peda gogical procedure long urged by the practical psychologist and recently verified by careful experimental work. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book Course of Study in History Civics and Ethics for the Day Elementary Schools Classic Reprint written by California Dept Of Public Instruction and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-02 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Course of Study in History, Civics, and Ethics for the Day Elementary Schools Fundamentally, history, -civics, and Geography deal with relationships or problems arising from man's efforts to live with his fellows on the earth. They are different aspects of the same social subject, rather than three closely correlated subjects as they have often been viewed. This conception of History, Civics, and Geography as a tri-une subject has exercised a controlling influence over the selection of the kind and extent of teaching material, and the recommendations of types of teaching method, made in this Course of Study. It should, therefore, be thoroughly understood and appreciated by the teacher who would achieve the aim intended in this Course. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book Topical Discussion of American History written by William C. Doub and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2016-08-13 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Topical Discussion of American History: Constituting a Teachers' Manual and Course of Study in History and Civics for Use in the Elementary Schools This little volume is a working manual for the teacher ano constitutes a course in history and civics for the elementar schools. Many able educators have been consulted in the prepara tion of this course, and it is believed to be so complete in ever detail that boards of education can adopt it as the course in his tory and civics without further reference to these subjects in th school manual or regular course of study. This course has bee prepared with especial reference to the regular text-books. Teach ers and pupils frequently complain that the regular or officia text on history is too difficult, and it is hoped that this course wil be of great assistance to them in the use of this text. The dis cussions, references and questions in this volume are intended fo the direct help and assistance of the teacher, the object being t reduce the teacher's work to a minimum and to provide at th same time a broad and progressive course in history and civics In order to further teacher, a pupil's outline for use i] connection with this course of study has been prepared and i bound under a separate cover. Special attention is directed t Questions for Class Recitations and Questions for Composi tions and Examinations, which follow each general topic 0 chapter in the work for the seventh and eighth grades. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book A Syllabus and Note Book for Ancient History Classic Reprint written by Robert D. Armstrong and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-12-06 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from A Syllabus and Note Book for Ancient History The fundamental problem of the student in history courses in the secondary school is how to study efficiently. The fundamental problem of every teacher of history in high schools is how to teach the student to study. One of the most favorable signs of the times in secondary education is the tendency to emphasize this phase, and to aid in its solution from the administrative standpoint by introducing various plans for supervised study. Unsupervised study is inefficient study. As to what form the supervision shall take, there is room for difference of opinion. Local conditions may make many ideal plans impossible under the circumstances. As to the need for supervising and controlling the study methods of the student, however, there is no room for difference of opinion. In the hope of assisting history teachers to solve this problem, this notebook has been prepared. It is the outcome of the authors own teaching experience, and the principles embodied in it have been successfully tested in practice. Six notebooks are planned in this series, some of them yet in preparation, each to furnish the basis for a semesters work. The plan of the course embodies the recent tendency to subordinate the Ancient and Mediaeval History and to greatly extend the time devoted to Modern and American History and Civics. The content of each semesters work is as follows: 1. Civilization and History of the Ancient World (to about 800 A.D.) 2. Civilization and Development of Mediaeval Europe (to about1648). 3.Modern European History to the close of the Napoleonic Wars, including American Colonial History. 4. The 19th Century in Europe. 5. American National History, 1783. 6.American Government and Civics. About 70 lessons are planned in each semesters work, each of which is intended to serve as the topic for one recitation. Each syllabus consists of an outline, and various other helps which are self-explanatory. The instructions on "How to Study" are the result of the authors experience with high school freshmen and sophomores during a supervised study period daily of 30 minutes. It is believed that the principles embodied in these instructions are sound, and that the students will find it helpful to follow them closely. The teacher should see that these methods are being used: The instructions are divided into the following sections: 1. How to study the textbook. 2. Reading in other books - source books and secondary works. 3. Notebook exercises - maps, themes, outlines. 4. Historical Fiction. 5. How we know about the past. The first section is an organized body of suggestions to the pupil for use in getting the content of the textbook, fixing it firmly in mind, and evaluating the importance of the different parts. The second section proceeds on the hypothesis that history teaching is only half done without intelligent use of sources other than the textbook, and that some training in the use of historical method can, and should, be practised from the earliest years of high school. The third section contains instructions to pupils how to go about doing notebook assignments Experience has shown the author that such detailed hints are necessary. The fourth section recognizes the the value and importance of reading good historical fiction, and includes a list of some novels adapted for the semester's reading. For the section on "How we know about the Past," the excuse is offered that a short and understandable account of the methods of historical research is needed in order that work with sources shall mean much to the student, and that such an account is not available elsewhere. It is the author's opinion that all these features are necessary to the best work in history. Local conditions may make some features impossible. In that case, the instructions o...

Download or read book The Early Teaching of History in the Secondary Schools of New York and Massachusetts Classic Reprint written by William F. Russell and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2016-08-24 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Early Teaching of History in the Secondary Schools of New York and Massachusetts Thirty-eight and eight-tenths per cent. Of all the academy students in regular attendance in New York State in 1825 attended schools in which history was taught. In 1860 per cent. Attended such schools. Consequently, in 1825, 61 per cent. Of all secondary school pupils could not have taken history in school. By 1860 only 5 per cent. Could be so classed. A further analysis is possible. Treating the material in a similar way, the number of pupils may be determined, who attended schools where general history or United States History in any special branch was given. Such an analysis appears in Table VII, and gives an indication of the importance of the various types of history taught. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book The Citizen and the Republic written by James Albert Woodburn and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-09-13 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Citizen and the Republic: A d104-Book in Government His volume is intended as a text - book for use in courses in Civil Government in secondary schools. It should (6 follow, or accompany, a high school course in American History. It is an attempt to answer the demand for that if Which is needful and important in the new civics some times called community civics, and at the same time to hold fast to that Which is good in the old. S, In introducing an educational reform there is always Q danger of over - emphasis; there is danger that we may not ?%have a good thing Without having too much of it. The '9 authors of this volume, While emphasizing community civics and the moral purposes in teaching government, have sought to avoid a one - sided course. They believe that the schools should study the community and such new civics as the changing times call for, and especially that they should give attention to current history and present day problems of democracy; but it is equally important not 3 to neglect certain aspects of the old established order. It may be well to set pupils to the laboratory method of studying the g actual life of our city communities, how milk and water are g supplied, how food is distributed, how public health is pre ss served, how the streets are kept clean (or dirty), how the taxes are raised and used, and how the schools are sustained. But to limit a high school coursein civics to such a field of study is to commit a great wrong to young people Who are under training for citizenship. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book Examination Book in American History and Civics Vol 1 Classic Reprint written by Charles Winne Blessing and published by . This book was released on 2015-06-28 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Examination Book in American History and Civics, Vol. 1 The following set of questions and answers in United States History and Civics has been compiled from the New York Regent's examinations given during the past fourteen years. These questions and answers were originally printed in American Education and were found exceedingly helpful to teachers. In response to a general demand they have been carefully rearranged and edited and are now presented to the public in booklet form. The dates and statements of facts given have been verified and they are believed to be practically free from error. The chronological order has been in the main followed. Some of the questions that call for a comparison of facts and events do not follow the order of time. As the questions have been taken from many different examinations, it has been found impossible to avoid a repetition of ideas, but no two questions of exactly the same import are given. All teachers of Elementary United States History will find this booklet an invaluable aid for rapid review work and for acquainting their pupils with the kind of questions and answers that are used in these and similar examinations. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book A Guide to Methods and Observation in History written by Calvin Olin Davis and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-09-17 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from A Guide to Methods and Observation in History: Studies in High School Observation The outlines herewith presented have grown out of the necessities of a course conducted by the writer in the training of teachers in the University of Michigan. The course has been styled Methods and High School Observations in History. It has been open only to seniors and graduate students who have specialized in history and who expect to teach that subject in high schools. The work has consisted of one class meeting per week for eighteen weeks, and of twenty hour - obser vations of history teaching in the Ann Arbor High School. The outlines, therefore, were designed to serve as a guide to these observations and as a basis for subsequent dis eussions. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book Public Opinion and the Teaching of History written by Bessie Louise Pierce and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-11-24 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Public Opinion and the Teaching of History: In the United States It is the purpose of this study to give an historical ac count oi some of the attempts to control the teaching of history ln the public schools. The first four chapters trace the legislative control that has been exerted in all periods of our history, beginning with the educational enactments of the early colonies and following the development of the curriculum to the present time. Such statutory control falls into fairly definite periods. The first embraces the earliest statutes relating to public education. During this period history was introduced into the school curriculum as a separate subject specified by law. The next stage, 1860 to 1900, was characterized by the influences set in motion by the Civil War and the Economic Revolution. In the years from 1900 to 1917, the history curriculum reflected the new interest of the American people in the social and economic conditions that had developed. From 1917 to the present, the dominant note has been a dynamic patriotism growing out of the World War. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book The Ohio History Teachers Journal 1919 1923 written by Ohio State Teachers' Association and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-01-19 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Ohio History Teachers' Journal, 1919-1923: Bulletins 12-30 This represents what a despotic ruling class, seeking a contented proletariat on one hand and domination of world trade on the other, devised for its future citizens. A ruling class needs a citizenship which knows the laws of health. It needs skilled workman, and it should above all, surround its workers with decent local conditions. All of these things the German ruling class has provided. But knowledge of large national affairs, skill in the use of political methods for the attainment of economic ends are not given to the working class, for once it has secured these weapons, the days of a ruling class are numbered. To teach community civics in the junior high school is to teach the working people of the country a political philosophy which takes from them the political skill necessary to the control of their own government and gives them in return the ability merely to keep their immediate community in good order. The German ruling class care fully planned and executed such a system with the result that a well-fed but politically incompetent ruling class stood for a long time with its back to the Rhine defending a political system which menaced the whole future of democracy. It may be truthfully said that the German government knew the value of community civics long be fore our own community educators began their work. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book The Young American written by Harry Pratt Judson and published by . This book was released on 2015-07-09 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Young American: A Civic Reader The interest of the day is not that of mere study, of sound scholarship as an end, of good books for their own sake, but of education as a power in human affairs; of educated men as an influence in the commonwealth. "Tell me," said an American scholar of Goethe, the many-sided, "what did he ever do for the cause of man?" The scholar, the poet, the philosopher, are men among other men. From these unavoidable social relations spring opportunities and duties. How do they use them? How do they discharge them? Does the scholar show in his daily walk that he has studied the wisdom of ages in vain? Does the poet sing of angelic purity and lead an unclean life? Does the philosopher peer into other worlds, and fail to help this world upon its way? Four years before our Civil War, the same scholar - it was Theodore Parker - said sadly: "If our educated men had done their duty, we should not now be in the ghastly condition we bewail." - George William Curtis. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book The Raison D Etre of the Public High School Classic Reprint written by George Stuart and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-09 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Raison D'etre of the Public High School At this point we make the digressive remark that the efficiency of the American public school in training for citizenship is likely to be severely tested in the near future. Until within recent years, the immigration into our country was nearly homogeneous and largely sympathetic, and assimilation was comparatively easy. But recently there has appeared in our midst an element peculiarly alien in race and sympathies, or revolutionary in tendencies, and in numbers sufficiently large to disturb the calm posture of our social forms and the settled traditions of centuries. Against the subversive influence of this element our common school is our tower of strength, and civics as a branch of instruction assumes paramount importance. We come now directly to the public high school. How is its existence as a part of the social structure justified? How does it appear that society receives far more than an equivalent for its cost and is the gainer by it? About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book A Syllabus and Note Book for Ancient History written by Robert D. Armstrong and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2015-06-05 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from A Syllabus and Note Book for Ancient History The fundamental problem of the student in history courses in the secondary school is how to study efficiently. The fundamental problem of every teacher of history in high schools is how to teach the student to study. One of the most favorable signs of the times in secondary education is the tendency to emphasize this phase, and to aid in its solution from the administrative standpoint by introducing various plans for supervised study. Unsupervised study is inefficient study. As to what form the supervision shall take, there is room for difference of opinion. Local conditions may make many ideal plans impossible under the circumstances. As to the need for supervising and controlling the study methods of the student, however, there is no room for difference of opinion. In the hope of assisting history teachers to solve this problem, this notebook has been prepared. It is the outcome of the authors own teaching experience, and the principles embodied in it have been successfully tested in practice. Six notebooks are planned in this series, some of them yet in preparation, each to furnish the basis for a semesters work. The plan of the course embodies the recent tendency to subordinate the Ancient and Mediaeval History and to greatly extend the time devoted to Modern and American History and Civics. The content of each semesters work is as follows: 1. Civilization and History of the Ancient World (to about 800 A.D.) 2. Civilization and Development of Mediaeval Europe (to about1648). 3.Modern European History to the close of the Napoleonic Wars, including American Colonial History. 4. The 19th Century in Europe. 5. American National History, 1783. 6.American Government and Civics. About 70 lessons are planned in each semesters work, each of which is intended to serve as the topic for one recitation. Each syllabus consists of an outline, and various other helps which are self-explanatory. The instructions on "How to Study" are the result of the authors experience with high school freshmen and sophomores during a supervised study period daily of 30 minutes. It is believed that the principles embodied in these instructions are sound, and that the students will find it helpful to follow them closely. The teacher should see that these methods are being used: The instructions are divided into the following sections: 1. How to study the textbook. 2. Reading in other books - source books and secondary works. 3. Notebook exercises - maps, themes, outlines. 4. Historical Fiction. 5. How we know about the past. The first section is an organized body of suggestions to the pupil for use in getting the content of the textbook, fixing it firmly in mind, and evaluating the importance of the different parts. The second section proceeds on the hypothesis that history teaching is only half done without intelligent use of sources other than the textbook, and that some training in the use of historical method can, and should, be practised from the earliest years of high school. The third section contains instructions to pupils how to go about doing notebook assignments Experience has shown the author that such detailed hints are necessary. The fourth section recognizes the the value and importance of reading good historical fiction, and includes a list of some novels adapted for the semester's reading. For the section on "How we know about the Past," the excuse is offered that a short and understandable account of the methods of historical research is needed in order that work with sources shall mean much to the student, and that such an account is not available elsewhere. It is the author's opinion that all these features are necessary to the best work in history. Local conditions may make some features impossible. In that case, the instructions on ...

Download or read book The Teaching of History Classic Reprint written by Herbert B. Adams and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-05-16 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Teaching of History The beginning and the end of historical evolution are the most interesting things to study and teach. A former presi dent of this Association, Henry Adams, once said: There is no history left for Americans to write except that of the North American Indians and the twentieth century. Although somewhat satirical, this remark implies a certain truth. All history begins with savagery and ends, like the story of the Jews and of the Christian Church, in prophetic ideals - in visions of things to come. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.