Download or read book Sugar and GATT written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the ninth in a series of fact sheets on policy issues facing Florida's sugar industry. The objective of this issue is to provide the summary results of the recently completed Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) as related to its sugar provisions.
Download or read book Sugar and the Making of International Trade Law written by Michael Fakhri and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-11-27 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book traces the changing meanings of free trade over the past century through three sugar treaties and their concomitant institutions. The 1902 Brussels Convention is an example of how free trade buttressed the British Empire. The 1937 International Sugar Agreement is a story of how a group of Cubans renegotiated their state's colonial relationship with the US through free trade doctrine and the League of Nations. In addition, the study of the 1977 International Sugar Agreement maps the world of international trade law through a plethora of institutions such as the ITO, UNCTAD, GATT and international commodity agreements - all against the backdrop of competing Third World agendas. Through a legal study of free trade ideas, interests and institutions, this book highlights how the line between the state and market, domestic and international, and public and private is always a matter of contest.
Download or read book U S Sugar Policy Implications for International Trade and Options for Reform written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Trade and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Structural Econometric Model of the European Sugar Sector and the Potential Implications of the GATT WTO written by Daneswar Poonyth and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considerable controversy once again surrounds the implications of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Uruguay Round (GATT UR) on the sugar sector world wide. Given the economic importance of the sugar sector along with the complexities of policies associated with this sector, the main objective of this study is to formulate a structural econometric model of the European sugar (EU) sector. In the process of developing the econometric model, particular attention was paid to historical and current EU sugar policy. Production blocks for each of the member states where possible were estimated, whereas for the demand component the EU was treated as single region. The structural model consists of a total of 104 equations, of which 23 are behavioral and the rest are identities. Statistical tests and visual inspection of the plots of actual and simulated values of relevant variables, indicates the model adequately replicates the historical patterns of supply and utilization of the EU sugar sector. The estimated short run supply elasticities individual member states are in the range of 0.03 to 0.65. The long run supply elasticities are in the range of 0.05 to 0.55. EU sugar quota are shown to have a significant effect on sugar production in several countries, but in no countries does a one percent increase in A- and B- sugar quota increase production by more than 0.54 percent. Many of the differences in supply elasticities across countries can be explained by differences in institutional arguments concerning how sugar is priced. The income elasticity of demand for sugar is 0.715 and the price elasticity of demand for sugar is -0.304 in the EU. The estimated results indicate that the world price of sugar has major influence on the EU sugar sector and vice versa. The estimated model is used to evaluate the implications for the EU sugar sector, first of the GATT UR exports provision and second, the implications of a hypothetical but plausible scenario where the next round of trade negotiations of WTO leads to gradual elimination of subsidized exports. To be in compliance with GATT UR exports provision, the EU proposed to reduce production quotas. However, in this study the implications of subsidized exports reduction is evaluated by reducing both quota production and intervention price. Quota reduction influences production only whereas intervention price reduction influences both production and consumption. Given the structure of the model if the EU uses reductions in the intervention price of sugar as the only policy tool to reduce subsidized exports, sugar production in some countries within the EU will increase, (e.g. in France 25 thousand tons in 1997/98) and in some countries production will decrease, (e.g. UK by 11 thousand tons in 1997/98/98). In the EU consumption increases by 179 thousand tons in 1997/98. World sugar prices will increase by 7.30% in 1997/98 and in 2000/01 it will increase by 9.90%.
Download or read book Review of U S Import Restrictions written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sugar and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Implications of the GATT Uruguay Round for the Sugar Industry written by Ahmed Hafi and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Implications of the GATT Uruguay Round for the Sugar Industry written by Ahmed Hafi and published by . This book was released on 1994* with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sugar written by European Commission. Directorate-General for Agriculture and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sugar and Sugarworkers written by Gatt-Fly and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The EU Sugar Industry written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Analysis of GATT s Impact on the Production of Sugar Beet and Wheat in the Bekaa Valley written by Rand Bashir Copti and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: GATT. the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, that is now replaced by the World Trade Organization (WTO), was a world treaty that aimed at liberalizing international trade and reducing all trade barriers among nations. GATT consisted of agreements relating to several sectors such as agriculture and industry. Nowadays, it is the role of WTO to ensure that all member countries follow the rules of GATT. Therefore, when Lebanon enrolls in WTO, it should reduce all levels of import tariffs and all measures of price support on domestically subsidized goods.--However, internationalization of agriculture will deem the production of many crops infeasible in some countries, based on cost and price considerations. Furthermore, the reduction of tariffs and other trade barriers as a means of liberalizing the agricultural sector in Lebanon generates an impact on the productivity and the marketing of subsidized agricultural activities, such as sugar beet and wheat.--Sugar beet and wheat are crops mostly grown in the Bekaa' valley, east Lebanon. The major objective of this study is to investigate GATT's economic impact on sugar beet and wheat in the Bekaa' Valley. A linear interactive dynamic program was used to determine optimal combinations of sugar beet and wheat under different scenarios before GATT and after it. It was found that farmers are better off without GATT than with it, and that they have to allocate forty percent more land to wheat so as to generate the same level of net return as before GATT.
Download or read book Effect of a GATT Uruguay Round Agreement on the European Co m munity and World Sugar Markets written by Canada. Agriculture Canada and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agricultural Trade Conflicts And Gatt written by Giovanni Anania and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-13 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural trade, always a source of international friction, will remain a contentious issue in the years to come. The GATT agreement achieved only partial trade liberalization; recognizing this, the agreement calls for a continuation of the negotiation process to achieve the long-run goal of a “substantial reduction in agricultural support and protection.†In any case, it is clear that U.S.-European Union (EU) agricultural trade relations will remain central to any future negotiation. In this volume, leading experts present a comprehensive set of analyses of the U.S.-EU agricultural trade conflict. The discussions provide a unique perspective on the U.S.-EU agricultural trade confrontation in recent years and offer insights into both the final GATT agreement and forthcoming agricultural issues. Presenting a broad historical context, the book focuses on changes in U.S. and European trade and agricultural policies, looking at the implications of these changes for bilateral relations and global agricultural markets. Providing U.S., EU, and third-party perspectives, the contributors analyze the negotiation process in the Uruguay Round of the GATT. Finally, the book explores several additional dimensions of the U.S.-EU agricultural trade conflict, including the consequences of the EU integration and enlargement processes, the environmental impact of the Union’s agricultural policies, and the mechanisms and forces that determine agricultural policy formation in both the United States and in Europe.
Download or read book Potential Impact on the U S Economy and Industries of the GATT Uruguay Round Agreements written by United States International Trade Commission and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Formulation of the 1990 Farm Bill written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The GATT WTO Dispute Settlement System written by Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2024-01-22 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The GATT and WTO dispute settlement systems have become the most frequently used international mechanisms for the settlement of trade disputes among governments. The 1994 Agreement Establishing the WTO introduced a historically unprecedented new dispute settlement procedure for conflicts involving trade in goods and services, trade-related investment measures, and intellectual property rights. This procedure provided for the compulsory jurisdiction of the WTO Dispute Settlement Body, WTO Panels, and the WTO Appellate Body. The first 18 months from the time the WTO Agreement came into force on 1 January 1995 witnessed more than 50 invocations of the new dispute settlement procedures by a large number of countries, including many from the developing world. This large response, and the proposals for further extending the scope of WTO law, suggest that the WTO dispute settlement system will continue to be the most frequently applied, worldwide systems for the legal settlement of trade disputes among governments. This book provides students, lawyers and diplomats a thought-provoking and practice-oriented analysis of the GATT/WTO dispute settlement rules, procedures, and problems. The Annexes include a useful collection of relevant texts and tables of past GATT and WTO case law.
