Download or read book Submerged Habitats from Space written by Jared Kibele and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thematic maps of submerged coastal habitats are essential to ecological studies and marine spatial planning processes. The analysis of multispectral satellite imagery provides a cost effective method for mapping shallow habitats. However, the interaction of light with the water column greatly complicates the production of maps from imagery. A number of water column correction (WCC) methods have been devised to address this complexity, but the remote sensing literature in which these methods are described tend to focus on novelty rather than practical implementation. Consequently, methods are often tailored to specific environmental conditions and described in very technical terms, source code for implementation is rarely provided, and potential users are typically unable to understand or make use of existing WCC methods without expert assistance. This thesis seeks to address this situation by developing new methods, suitable for the widest possible range of environmental conditions, and releasing free and open source software for their implementation. The methods and software presented address the entire process from ground truth data collection and processing with the free and open source software (FOSS) Benthic Photo Survey (BPS), through to depth estimation, image processing, water column correction, and accuracy assessment with the FOSS OpticalRS Python library. BPS expedites and greatly simplifies the processing of field data. The novel empirical depth estimation method presented provides better accuracy than a widely used physics based method and requires fewer image processing steps. The parameter estimation and WCC methods presented improve on previous methods in terms of accuracy, simplicity, and flexibility. Combined with pre-existing FOSS image classification software, these methods and tools form the Marine Optical Remote sEnsing Map and Assessment Production System (MORE-MAPS). To demonstrate the efficacy of MORE-MAPS, broad scale submerged habitats in and around the temperate waters of Cape Rodney to Okakari Point Marine Reserve in northeastern New Zealand were mapped to a depth of 20m with an overall accuracy of 83%, and the results were compared with previous habitat maps of the reserve that were based largely on direct observation and manual photo interpretation methods, and with optical remote sensing studies from temperate regions outside of New Zealand. MORE-MAPS was found to provide mapping accuracy comparable to previous optical remote sensing studies, and to provide better accuracy, greater geographic coverage, and lower cost than the previous mapping efforts within the reserve. Overall, the methods and tools developed in this thesis demonstrate potential to greatly reduce the cost and complexity of habitat mapping and, thereby, increase the capacity for map production in New Zealand and throughout temperate, subtropical, and tropical coastal regions worldwide.
Download or read book Primates in Flooded Habitats written by Katarzyna Nowak and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-03 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A ground breaking study of primates that live in flooded habitats around the world.
Download or read book Space Habitats and Habitability written by Sandra Häuplik-Meusburger and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-31 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores creative solutions to the unique challenges inherent in crafting livable spaces in extra-terrestrial environments. The goal is to foster a constructive dialogue between the researchers and planners of future (space) habitats. The authors explore the diverse concepts of the term Habitability from the perspectives of the inhabitants as well as the planners and social sciences. The book provides an overview of the evolution and advancements of designed living spaces for manned space craft, as well as analogue research and simulation facilities in extreme environments on Earth. It highlights how various current and future concepts of Habitability have been translated into design and which ones are still missing. The main emphasis of this book is to identify the important factors that will provide for well-being in our future space environments and promote creative solutions to achieving living spaces where humans can thrive. Selected aspects are discussed from a socio-spatial professional background and possible applications are illustrated. Human factors and habitability design are important topics for all working and living spaces. For space exploration, they are vital. While human factors and certain habitability issues have been integrated into the design process of manned spacecraft, there is a crucial need to move from mere survivability to factors that support thriving. As of today, the risk of an incompatible vehicle or habitat design has already been identified by NASA as recognized key risk to human health and performance in space. Habitability and human factors will become even more important determinants for the design of future long-term and commercial space facilities as larger and more diverse groups occupy off-earth habitats. The book will not only benefit individuals and organizations responsible for manned space missions and mission simulators, but also provides relevant information to designers of terrestrial austere environments (e.g., remote operational and research facilities, hospitals, prisons, manufacturing). In addition it presents general insights on the socio-spatial relationship which is of interest to researchers of social sciences, engineers and architects.
Download or read book The Underwater Handbook written by Charles Shilling and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 929 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook attempts to translate data on various parameters of man's capability in underwater and hyperbaric environments for those without a background in the life sciences. Accomplishing any multifaceted task requires team work, and effective team work depends on facile communication among all participants. To communicate properly, all parties must understand each other's problems and be able to speak a similar language. To this end we believe that this publication will go a long way in furthering the understanding and communication necessary for maximum achievement. The U. S. Navy has a fundamental interest in all types of activities connected with the ocean and is especially interested in the growing field of manned underwater and hyperbaric activities. Thus, the manuscript for this comprehensive book was developed under Office of Naval Research contract N00014-67-A-0214-0013 with The George Washington University. We acknowledge with appreciation the financial support and technical guidance for this undertaking by the Naval Medical Research and Develop ment Command of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery as well as by the Engineering Psychology Program and the Physiology Program of the Office of Naval Research. JOSEPH P. POLLARD Director Biological and Medical Sciences Division Office of Naval Research vii Preface A need was felt for a book that would document the relationship of the human being to the underwater hyperbaric environment in such a way that the individual unfamiliar with the psychological or biomedical jargon could still understand and appreciate the information.
Download or read book The Underwater Museum written by Jason deCaires Taylor and published by Chronicle Books. This book was released on 2014-03-11 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A one-of-a-kind blend of art, nature, and conservation, The Underwater Museum re-creates an awe-inspiring dive into the dazzling under-ocean sculpture parks of artist Jason deCaires Taylor. Taylor casts his life-size statues from a special kind of cement that facilitates reef growth, and sinks them to the ocean floor. There, over time, the artworks attract corals, algae, and fish, and evolve into beautiful and surreal installations that are also living reefs. This volume brings readers face to face with these wonders and explains the science behind their creation. Ocean enthusiasts, divers, art lovers, and anyone entranced by the natural world will be instantly engrossed by this pearl of a book.
Download or read book Seascape Ecology written by Simon J. Pittman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-10-30 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seascape Ecology provides a comprehensive look at the state-of-the-science in the application of landscape ecology to the seas and provides guidance for future research priorities. The first book devoted exclusively to this rapidly emerging and increasingly important discipline, it is comprised of contributions from researchers at the forefront of seascape ecology working around the world. It presents the principles, concepts, methodology, and techniques informing seascape ecology and reports on the latest developments in the application of the approach to marine ecology and management. A growing number of marine scientists, geographers, and marine managers are asking questions about the marine environment that are best addressed with a landscape ecology perspective. Seascape Ecology represents the first serious effort to fill the gap in the literature on the subject. Key topics and features of interest include: The origins and history of seascape ecology and various approaches to spatial patterning in the sea The links between seascape patterns and ecological processes, with special attention paid to the roles played by seagrasses and salt marshes and animal movements through seascapes Human influences on seascape ecology—includes models for assessing human-seascape interactions A special epilogue in which three eminent scientists who have been instrumental in shaping the course of landscape ecology offer their insights and perspectives Seascape Ecology is a must-read for researchers and professionals in an array of disciplines, including marine biology, environmental science, geosciences, marine and coastal management, and environmental protection. It is also an excellent supplementary text for university courses in those fields.
Download or read book Underwater Physiology written by C. J. Lambertsen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Underwater Physiology is a collection of papers that deals with the physiologically limiting effects of undersea, high pressure exposure ranging from fundamental biological reactions, through integration of physiological stresses, and to limits actually experienced in deep diving. Papers discuss oxygen, the mechanisms of toxicity, and the effects of oxygen on cells and systems such as its pathological and physiological influences in the neurosensory ocular tissue. Other papers discuss the physical effects of pressure and gases on cellular function, protein structure, and the possibility of alleviating symptoms through the administration of drugs. Tests in mice show that various gases exhibit qualitative and semi-quantitative differences in the characteristics of sickness, reactions to hypoxia, and the time before the onset of symptoms. A computer, programmed for nonlinear gas transfer and other variables, running in real time can compute directly from the breathing mixture and provide a real time solution to decompression sickness under various conditions. A combined therapeutic approach, recompression and dextran (an effective lipemic clearing agent) should be capable of treating decompression sickness in humans. Other papers investigate the influence of inert gases and pressure on the central nervous system, as well as, situations in undersea and manned chamber operations. This collection can prove valuable for physiologists, biochemists, cellular biologists, and researchers involved in deep sea diving.
Download or read book On Orbit and Beyond written by Douglas A. Vakoch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-20 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As we stand poised on the verge of a new era of spaceflight, we must rethink every element, including the human dimension. This book explores some of the contributions of psychology to yesterday’s great space race, today’s orbiter and International Space Station missions, and tomorrow’s journeys beyond Earth’s orbit. Early missions into space were typically brief, and crews were small, often drawn from a single nation. As international cooperation in space exploration has increased over the decades, the challenges of communicating across cultural boundaries and dealing with interpersonal conflicts have become all the more important, requiring different coping skills and sensibilities than “the right stuff” expected of early astronauts. As astronauts travel to asteroids or establish a permanent colony on the Moon, with the eventual goal of reaching Mars, the duration of expeditions will increase markedly, as will the psychosocial stresses. Away from their home planet for extended times, future spacefarers will need to be increasingly self-sufficient, while simultaneously dealing with the complexities of heterogeneous, multicultural crews. "On Orbit and Beyond: Psychological Perspectives on Human Spaceflight," the second, considerably expanded edition of "Psychology of Space Exploration: Contemporary Research in Historical Perspective," provides an analysis of these and other challenges facing future space explorers while at the same time presenting new empirical research on topics ranging from simulation studies of commercial spaceflights to the psychological benefits of viewing Earth from space. This second edition includes an all new section exploring the challenges astronauts will encounter as they travel to asteroids, Mars, Saturn, and the stars, requiring an unprecedented level of autonomy. Updated essays discuss the increasingly important role of China in human spaceflight. In addition to examining contemporary psychological research, several of the essays also explicitly address the history of the psychology of space exploration. Leading contributors to the field place the latest theories and empirical findings in historical context by exploring changes in space missions over the past half century, as well as reviewing developments in the psychological sciences during the same period. The essays are innovative in their approaches and conclusions, providing novel insights for behavioral researchers and historians alike.
Download or read book National Plan for the Safety and Health of Divers in Their Quest for Subsea Energy written by Charles Wesley Schilling and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environment Control in Pressurized Underwater Habitats written by E. J. Beck and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study was made to identify those environmental factors which would have to be controlled in order that man could live and work beneath the sea. The state of the art of undersea habitation is described, limitations and areas of possible major improvements are listed, and possible approaches to major improvements are outlined. The developmental routes suggested are aimed at reducing cost and complexity, establishing more normal environments, and, above all, reducing the hazards of working in the ocean. Environmental factors considered are atmosphere, sanitation, food storage and preparation, heating, and the effects of special atmospheres on voice communication. The peculiar requirements for providing a tolerable atmosphere at any but the shallowest depths have, by known approaches, produced major changes in all other areas. Although the treatment in this report is from an engineering standpoint, the problems are largely physiological. An effort is made to describe the problem in terms familiar to engineers working in the field of environment control, although some of the more important references necessarily overlap into medicine and physiology. (Author).
Download or read book Adventures Beneath the Sea written by Kenneth Mallory and published by Astra Publishing House. This book was released on 2010-10-01 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What would it be like to live sixty feet below the ocean waves? Author Ken Mallory and photographer Brian Skerry found out. They spent a week in the Aquarius underwater laboratory on a coral reef off the Florida Keys. They lived in cramped quarters. They went scuba diving every day—to study the fish of the reef and to use the underwater outhouse. They slept in bunks with the constant crackle of snapping shrimp coming through the shell of their underwater home. Skerry's photographs from the pages of National Geographic Magazine capture the stunning sights of a strange undersea habitat in this winner of the John Burroughs Nature Books for Young Readers Award.
Download or read book Neptune s Laboratory written by Antony Adler and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have long been fascinated with the oceans and sought "to pierce the profundity" of their depths. But the history of marine science also tells us a lot about ourselves. Antony Adler explores the ways in which scientists, politicians, and the public have invoked ocean environments in imagining the fate of humanity and of the planet.
Download or read book NOAA Diving Manual written by United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Undersea Research and published by Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Ocean Service Office of R. This book was released on 1991 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bio optical Modeling and Remote Sensing of Inland Waters written by Deepak R. Mishra and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-04-28 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bio-optical Modeling and Remote Sensing of Inland Waters presents the latest developments, state-of-the-art, and future perspectives of bio-optical modeling for each optically active component of inland waters, providing a broad range of applications of water quality monitoring using remote sensing. Rather than discussing optical radiometry theories, the authors explore the applications of these theories to inland aquatic environments. The book not only covers applications, but also discusses new possibilities, making the bio-optical theories operational, a concept that is of great interest to both government and private sector organizations. In addition, it addresses not only the physical theory that makes bio-optical modeling possible, but also the implementation and applications of bio-optical modeling in inland waters. Early chapters introduce the concepts of bio-optical modeling and the classification of bio-optical models and satellite capabilities both in existence and in development. Later chapters target specific optically active components (OACs) for inland waters and present the current status and future direction of bio-optical modeling for the OACs. Concluding sections provide an overview of a governance strategy for global monitoring of inland waters based on earth observation and bio-optical modeling. Presents comprehensive chapters that each target a different optically active component of inland waters Contains contributions from respected and active professionals in the field Presents applications of bio-optical modeling theories that are applicable to researchers, professionals, and government agencies
Download or read book Advances in Experimental Social Psychology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1984-11-12 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
Download or read book Underwater Medicine and Related Sciences written by Margaret F. Werts and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the third annotated bibliography on this subject area to be compiled by these authors. The first, published by Gordon and Breach, Science Publishers, in 1971, was entitled AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON DIVING AND SUBMARINE MEDICINE. It covered material published during the 1960's. The second volume, entitled UNDERWATER MEDICINE AND RELATED SCIENCES: A GUIDE TO THE LITERATURE, published in 1973 by Plenum Press, covered primarily material published during 1970 and 1971, with some material from 1968 and 1969. The present volume covers material published during 1972 and 1973, but here again some earlier material has been included. The purpose of these annotated bibliographies is to make available a large proportion of the published material, in abstract form, indexed in such a manner as to make it possible to compile a reasonably complete annotated bibliography on any specific subject area in the field. It is possible thus to learn where the work is being done, by whom, and how extensively. Also, it becomes obvious what areas of research are lacking or inadequate. These specific searches can also form a background of reference material on which to base further research, or from which to write monographs or state-of-the-art surveys. Papers, articles and reports listed here are in most cases readily available.
Download or read book The U S Coal Industry 1970 1990 written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1994 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive overview of the U.S. coal industry over 20 years, with emphasis on the major changes that occurred, their causes, and their effects. Presents and analyzes data in terms of trends in production, consumption, distribution, and prices. Profitability of major energy companies' coal operations is also tracked. Over 100 charts, tables, graphs and photos.
