Download or read book Study of Trapped Hydrocarbon During Compression and Expansion Stroke of an Internal Combustion Engine Using Computational Fluid Dynamics written by Umar Adam and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Unsteady Compressible Flow Through a Single Cylinder Internal Combustion Engine written by Vivekanandhan Sundararaj and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The techniques were then used to study the Monovalve design concept and the performance of the system was compared with those of the two-valve system to asses its merits and demerits. The effect of various valve design parameters was also studied to optimize this new concept.
Download or read book Gaseous Fluid Flow in Relation to Diesel and Internal Combustion Engine Design written by American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Diesel and Gas Engine Power Division and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Potential of Water Injection for Gasoline Engines by Means of a 3D CFD Virtual Test Bench written by Antonino Vacca and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-15 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water injection is one of the most promising technologies to improve the engine combustion efficiency, by mitigating knock occurrences and controlling exhaust gas temperature before turbine. As result, the engine can operate at stoichiometric conditions over the whole engine map, even during the more power-demanding RDE cycles. Antonino Vacca presents a methodology to study and optimize the effect of water injection for gasoline engines by investigating different engine layouts and injection strategies through the set-up of a 3D-CFD virtual test bench. He investigates indirect and direct water injection strategies to increase the engine knock limit and to reduce exhaust gas temperature for several operating points.
Download or read book Evaluating Chemical Kinetic Behaviors in Internal Combustion Engines Using Simplified Zero dimensional Models written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three-Dimensional (3-D) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models are one of the most common and robust methods used to model Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) in the automotive industry, particularly with respect to the complex fluid flow and heat transfer processes in engines. However, these methods can become extremely computationally expensive when simulating detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms or multi-component surrogate fuel blends where thousands of reactions must be solved simultaneously and are thus not well suited for kinetic mechanism development and evaluation. The goal of this research work is to use a simplified Zero-Dimensional (0-D) engine model to evaluate kinetic behaviors including Low Temperature Heat Release (LTHR) and Auto-Ignition (AI), and evaluate the role of thermal stratification on these predictions. Firstly, a large-bore low-swirl heavy-duty Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine, namely the Caterpillar 3401 Single Cylinder Oil Test Engine (SCOTE), was simulated. In this work, three 0-D models were designed in Chemkin Pro, each denoted by the number of simulated "zones": Single-Zone (SZ), 3-Zone (3Z), and 6-Zone (6Z). To validate these models, the Chemkin results including cylinder pressure, temperature, and Heat Release Rate (HRR) traces were compared with existing 3D CFD model results. In the Chemkin 3Z model, an "Area Fraction (AF) Method" was found to match well with the CFD results under different operating conditions and can be attributed to the reduced role of thermal stratification in this engine platform. Therefore, an engine with higher thermal stratification effect: small bore, high-swirl and light-duty, namely the Cooperative Fuels Research (CFR) engine, has been modeled and validated. As expected, the success of the 3Z AF method that we made on the SCOTE engine cannot be fully replicated on the CFR engine. Future work may include extending the AF method to more zones and validating these 0D models under Spark-Ignition (SI) combustion conditions.
Download or read book Introduction to Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engine Systems written by Lino Guzzella and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internal combustion engines still have a potential for substantial improvements, particularly with regard to fuel efficiency and environmental compatibility. These goals can be achieved with help of control systems. Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) addresses these issues by offering an introduction to cost-effective model-based control system design for ICE. The primary emphasis is put on the ICE and its auxiliary devices. Mathematical models for these processes are developed in the text and selected feedforward and feedback control problems are discussed. The appendix contains a summary of the most important controller analysis and design methods, and a case study that analyzes a simplified idle-speed control problem. The book is written for students interested in the design of classical and novel ICE control systems.
Download or read book Externally Heated Valve Engine written by Zbyszko Kazimierski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports on a novel approach for generating mechanical energy from different, external heat sources using the body of a typical piston engine with valves. By presenting simple yet effective numerical models, the authors show how this new approach, which combines existing internal combustion technology with a lubrication system, is able to offer an economic solution to the problem of mechanical energy generation in piston engines. Their results also show that a stable heat generation process can be guaranteed outside of the engine. The book offers a detailed report on physical and numerical models of 4-stroke and 2-stroke versions of the EHVE together with different models of heat exchange, valves and results of their simulations. It also delivers the test results of an engine prototype run in laboratory conditions. By presenting a novel theoretical framework and providing readers with extensive knowledge of both the advantages and challenges of the method, this book is expected to inspire academic researchers, advanced PhD students and professionals in their search for more effective solutions to the problem of renewable energy generation.
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2018 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coupling of Chemical Kinetics with Computational Fluid Dynamics in a Three Dimensional Engine Model written by Hassan A. Mazi and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of computer modeling has grown recently to integrate itself as an inseparable tool to experimental studies for the optimization of automotive engines and the development of future fuels. Traditionally, computer models rely on simplified global reaction steps to simulate the combustion and pollutant formation inside the internal combustion engine. With the current interest in advanced combustion modes and injection strategies, this approach depends on arbitrary adjustment of model parameters that could reduce credibility of the predictions. The purpose of this study is to enhance the combustion model of KIVA, a computational fluid dynamics code, by coupling its fluid mechanics solution with detailed kinetic reactions solved by the chemistry solver, CHEMKIN. As a result, an engine-friendly reaction mechanism for n-heptane was selected to simulate diesel oxidation. Each cell in the computational domain is considered as a perfectly-stirred reactor which undergoes adiabatic constant- volume combustion. The model was applied to an ideally-prepared homogeneous- charge compression-ignition combustion (HCCI) and direct injection (DI) diesel combustion. Ignition and combustion results show that the code successfully simulates the premixed HCCI scenario when compared to traditional combustion models. Direct injection cases, on the other hand, do not offer a reliable prediction mainly due to the lack of turbulent-mixing model, inherent in the perfectly-stirred reactor formulation. In addition, the model is sensitive to intake conditions and experimental uncertainties which require implementation of enhanced predictive tools. It is recommended that future improvements consider turbulent-mixing effects as well as optimization techniques to accurately simulate actual in-cylinder process with reduced computational cost. Furthermore, the model requires the extension of existing fuel oxidation mechanisms to include pollutant formation kinetics for emission control studies.
Download or read book Gasoline Compression Ignition Technology written by Gautam Kalghatgi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-17 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on gasoline compression ignition (GCI) which offers the prospect of engines with high efficiency and low exhaust emissions at a lower cost. A GCI engine is a compression ignition (CI) engine which is run on gasoline-like fuels (even on low-octane gasoline), making it significantly easier to control particulates and NOx but with high efficiency. The state of the art development to make GCI combustion feasible on practical vehicles is highlighted, e.g., on overcoming problems on cold start, high-pressure rise rates at high loads, transients, and HC and CO emissions. This book will be a useful guide to those in academia and industry.
Download or read book Fundamental Interactions in Gasoline Compression Ignition Engines with Fuel Stratification written by Benjamin Matthew Wolk and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transportation accounted for 28% of the total U.S. energy demand in 2011, with 93% of U.S. transportation energy coming from petroleum. The large impact of the transportation sector on global climate change necessitates more-efficient, cleaner-burning internal combustion engine operating strategies. One such strategy that has received substantial research attention in the last decade is Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI). Although the efficiency and emissions benefits of HCCI are well established, practical limits on the operating range of HCCI engines have inhibited their application in consumer vehicles. One such limit is at high load, where the pressure rise rate in the combustion chamber becomes excessively large. Fuel stratification is a potential strategy for reducing the maximum pressure rise rate in HCCI engines. The aim is to introduce reactivity gradients through fuel stratification to promote sequential auto-ignition rather than a bulk-ignition, as in the homogeneous case. A gasoline-fueled compression ignition engine with fuel stratification is termed a Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI) engine. Although a reasonable amount of experimental research has been performed for fuel stratification in GCI engines, a clear understanding of how the fundamental in-cylinder processes of fuel spray evaporation, mixing, and heat release contribute to the observed phenomena is lacking. Of particular interest is gasoline's pressure sensitive low-temperature chemistry and how it impacts the sequential auto-ignition of the stratified charge. In order to computationally study GCI with fuel stratification using three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and chemical kinetics, two reduced mechanisms have been developed. The reduced mechanisms were developed from a large, detailed mechanism with about 1400 species for a 4-component gasoline surrogate. The two versions of the reduced mechanism developed in this work are: (1) a 96-species version and (2) a 98-species version including nitric oxide formation reactions. Development of reduced mechanisms is necessary because the detailed mechanism is computationally prohibitive in three-dimensional CFD and chemical kinetics simulations. Simulations of Partial Fuel Stratification (PFS), a GCI strategy, have been performed using CONVERGE with the 96-species reduced mechanism developed in this work for a 4-component gasoline surrogate. Comparison is made to experimental data from the Sandia HCCI/GCI engine at a compression ratio 14:1 at intake pressures of 1 bar and 2 bar. Analysis of the heat release and temperature in the different equivalence ratio regions reveals that sequential auto-ignition of the stratified charge occurs in order of increasing equivalence ratio for 1 bar intake pressure and in order of decreasing equivalence ratio for 2 bar intake pressure. Increased low- and intermediate-temperature heat release with increasing equivalence ratio at 2 bar intake pressure compensates for decreased temperatures in higher-equivalence ratio regions due to evaporative cooling from the liquid fuel spray and decreased compression heating from lower values of the ratio of specific heats. The presence of low- and intermediate-temperature heat release at 2 bar intake pressure alters the temperature distribution of the mixture stratification before hot-ignition, promoting the desired sequential auto-ignition. At 1 bar intake pressure, the sequential auto-ignition occurs in the reverse order compared to 2 bar intake pressure and too fast for useful reduction of the maximum pressure rise rate compared to HCCI. Additionally, the premixed portion of the charge auto-ignites before the highest-equivalence ratio regions. Conversely, at 2 bar intake pressure, the premixed portion of the charge auto-ignites last, after the higher-equivalence ratio regions. More importantly, the sequential auto-ignition occurs over a longer time period for 2 bar intake pressure than at 1 bar intake pressure such that a sizable reduction in the maximum pressure rise rate compared to HCCI can be achieved.
Download or read book A Computational Study of the Impact of Mixing on Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition written by Rahul Jhavar and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Annual Index abstracts of SAE Technical Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Vortex Roll up and Crevice Mass Flow on Ignition in a Rapid Compression Machine written by Mickael Chomier and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this thesis is to understand the influence of the non-ideal effects in Rapid Compression Machines (RCM), namely the vortex roll-up and mass flow into the crevice, on autoignition. The effect of the vortex roll-up is studied computationally using CFD simulations of autoignition in a RCM. Whereas, the effect of the crevice mass flow is investigated experimentally by studying isooctane autoignition. Over the last two decades, experimental data of the nature of species evolution profiles and ignition delays from RCMs has been used to develop and validate chemical kinetic mechanisms at low-to-intermediate temperatures and elevated pressures. A significant portion of this overall dataset is from RCMs that had not employed a creviced piston to contain the roll-up vortex. The detrimental influence of the roll-up vortex and the thermokinetic interactions due to the resulting temperature non-homogeneity during the negative temperature coefficient (ntc) regime have been documented in the literature. However, the adequacy of the homogeneous modeling of RCMs without creviced pistons during reactive conditions has not been investigated. In this work, computational fluid dynamics simulations of an RCM without a creviced piston are conducted for autoignition of n-heptane over the entire ntc regime over a range of compressed pressures from 5 to 18 bar. The results from the CFD simulations highlight the non-homogeneity of autoignition and reveal significant quantitative discrepancy in comparison to homogeneous modeling, particularly for the hot ignition delay in the ntc regime. Specifically, the roll-up vortex induced temperature non-homogeneity leads to diminution of the ntc behavior. The experimental data from RCMs without creviced piston needs to be taken with caution for quantitative validation and refinement of kinetic mechanism, particularly at conditions when ntc behavior is highly pronounced. Rapid Compression Machines (RCMs) often employ creviced pistons to suppress the formation of the roll-up vortex. However, the use of a creviced piston promotes mass flow into the crevice when heat release takes place in the main combustion chamber. This multi-dimensional effect is not accounted for in the prevalent volumetric expansion approach for modeling RCMs. The method of crevice containment, on the other hand, avoids post-compression mass flow into the crevice. In order to assess the effect of the crevice mass flow on ignition in a RCM, experiments were conducted for autoignition of isooctane in a RCM with creviced piston in the temperature range of 680-940 K and at compressed pressures of ~15.5 and 20.5 bar in two ways. In one situation, post-compression mass flow to the crevice is avoided by crevice containment and in other it is allowed. Experiments show that the crevice mass flow can lead to significantly longer ignition delays. Experimental data from both scenarios is modeled using adiabatic volumetric expansion approach and an available kinetic mechanism. The simulated results show less pronounced effect of crevice mass flow on ignition delay and highlight the deficiency of the volumetric expansion method owing to its inability to describe coupled physical-chemical processes in the presence of heat release. Results indicate that it is important to include crevice mass flow in the physical model for improved modeling of experimental data from RCMs for consistent interpretation of chemical kinetics. The use of crevice containment, however, avoids the issue of mass flow altogether and offers an alternative and sound approach.
Download or read book Reciprocating Engine Combustion Diagnostics written by Rakesh Kumar Maurya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-19 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with in-cylinder pressure measurement and its post-processing for combustion quality analysis of conventional and advanced reciprocating engines. It offers insight into knocking and combustion stability analysis techniques and algorithms in SI, CI, and LTC engines, and places special emphasis on the digital signal processing of in-cylinder pressure signal for online and offline applications. The text gives a detailed description on sensors for combustion measurement, data acquisition, and methods for estimation of performance and combustion parameters. The information provided in this book enhances readers’ basic knowledge of engine combustion diagnostics and serves as a comprehensive, ready reference for a broad audience including graduate students, course instructors, researchers, and practicing engineers in the automotive, oil and other industries concerned with internal combustion engines.
Download or read book Journal of Engineering for Power written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
