Download or read book Study of Thermal Frontal Polymerization Utilizing Reactive and Non reactive Additives written by Veronika Grace Viner and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Study of Spin Mode Instabilities in Thermal Frontal Polymerization written by David Arrington and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Frontal Polymer Research written by Robert K. Bregg and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers are substances containing a large number of structural units joined by the same type of linkage. These substances often form into a chain-like structure. Starch, cellulose, and rubber all possess polymeric properties. Today, the polymer industry has grown to be larger than the aluminium, copper and steel industries combined. Polymers already have a range of applications that far exceeds that of any other class of material available to man. Current applications extend from adhesives, coatings, foams, and packaging materials to textile and industrial fibres, elastomers, and structural plastics. Polymers are also used for most composites, electronic devices, biomedical devices, optical devices, and precursors for many newly developed high-tech ceramics. This new book presents leading-edge research in this rapidly-changing and evolving field.
Download or read book Mathematical Aspects of Frontal Polymerization written by Cynthia Ann Spade and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frontal polymerization is a process in which a spatially localized reaction zone propagates into a monomer converting it into a polymer. Two types of frontal polymerization processes have been observed experimentally. One type is thermal frontal polymerization, which occurs due to diffusion of heat released in the polymerization reactions. We formulate a mathematical model of thermal frontal polymerization using a five-species reaction mechanism and justify its reduction to a four-species problem. We study the simplified problem both numerically and analytically, and determine important characteristics of the process such as the propagation speed of the wave, the final concentration of the monomer, the final temperature in the system, and the spatial distributions of all the species in the wave. Then we study the stability of thermal polymerization fronts, including the effect of heat losses. We formulate two models, one with simplified chemistry and the other with detailed chemistry, and determine the linear stability characteristics of the wave as a function of the system parameters for both models. The other type of frontal polymerization is an isothermal process, which is due to mass diffusion of the species coupled with the gel effect. We propose and study a basic mathematical model of isothermal frontal polymerization, relaxing the steady-state assumption in the gel region where the reactions are the most significant. We analyze various situations of initiator consumption for a weak gel effect, and study the case of a strong gel effect. Then we formulate and analyze a basic model that includes a strong inhibitor present in uniform initial concentration. We verify that the front does not propagate until the inhibitor has been completely consumed. For the isothermal models we obtain analytical results, including the time-dependent propagation velocity of the wave and the distance traveled by the front before it breaks down due to reactions ahead of the front, which are in good agreement with our numerical simulations.
Download or read book On Initiation of Polymerization Waves in Thermal Free radical Frontal Polymerization written by Laura Rylie Ritter and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal, frontal polymerization is a process of converting monomer into polymer via a self-propagating reaction wave. In a typical experiment, two species, a monomer and an initiator, are placed in a test tube, and the temperature at one end is increased by applying a heat source. The temperature increase induces decomposition of initiator into active radicals allowing polymer chain growth to begin. The exothermic chemical conversion occurs in a narrow reaction zone, and the heat released by the reaction induces further decomposition of initiator just ahead of the front. In this way, a self-sustained reaction wave can travel through the mixture. Insufficient input of heat, inadequate amounts of reactants, and volumetric heat loss are some factors that can inhibit reaction front formation (initiation).
Download or read book Traveling Wave Solutions of Parabolic Systems written by A. I. Volpert and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theory of travelling waves described by parabolic equations and systems is a rapidly developing branch of modern mathematics. This book presents a general picture of current results about wave solutions of parabolic systems, their existence, stability, and bifurcations. With introductory material accessible to non-mathematicians and a nearly complete bibliography of about 500 references, this book is an excellent resource on the subject.
Download or read book Photoinitiators written by Jean-Pierre Fouassier and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-03-08 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive text that covers everything from the processes and mechanisms to the reactions and industrial applications of photoinitiators Photoinitiators offers a wide-ranging overview of existing photoinitiators and photoinitiating systems and their uses in ever-growing green technologies. The authors—noted experts on the topic—provide a concise review of the backgrounds in photopolymerization and photochemistry, explain the available structures, and examine excited state properties, involved mechanisms, and structure, reactivity, and efficiency relationships. The text also contains information on the latest developments and trends in the design of novel tailor-made systems. The book explores the role of current systems in existing and emerging processes and applications. Comprehensive in scope, it covers polymerization of thick samples and in-shadow areas, polymerization under LEDs, NIR light induced thermal polymerization, photoinitiators for novel specific and improved properties, and much more. Written by an experienced and internationally renowned team of authors, this important book: Provides detailed information about excited state processes, mechanisms, and design of efficient photoinitiator systems Discusses the performance of photoinitiators of polymerization by numerous examples of reactions and application Includes information on industrial applications Presents a review of current developments and challenges Offers an introduction to the background information necessary to understand the field Discusses the role played by photoinitiators in a variety of different polymerization reactions Written for polymer chemists, photochemists, and materials scientists, Photoinitiators will also earn a place on the bookshelves of photochemists seeking an authoritative, one-stop guide to the processes, mechanisms, and industrial applications of photoinitiators.
Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Computational Quantum Chemistry written by Masoud Soroush and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-10-16 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational Quantum Chemistry: Insights into Polymerization Reactions consolidates extensive research results, couples them with computational quantum chemistry (CQC) methods applicable to polymerization reactions, and presents those results systematically. CQC has advanced polymer reaction engineering considerably for the past two decades. The book puts these advances into perspective. It also allows you to access the most up-to-date research and CQC methods applicable to polymerization reactions in a single volume. The content is rigorous yet accessible to graduate students as well as researchers who need a reference of state-of-the-art CQC methods with polymerization applications. Consolidates more than 10 years of theoretical polymerization reaction research currently scattered across journal articles Accessibly presents CQC methods applicable to polymerization reactions Provides researchers with a one-stop source of the latest theoretical developments in polymer reaction engineering
Download or read book Thermodynamics of Polymerization written by Hideo Sawada and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polymer Matrix Composites and Technology written by Ru-Min Wang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-07-14 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given such properties as low density and high strength, polymer matrix composites have become a widely used material in the aerospace and other industries. Polymer matrix composites and technology provides a helpful overview of these materials, their processing and performance.After an introductory chapter, part one reviews the main reinforcement and matrix materials used as well as the nature of the interface between them. Part two discusses forming and molding technologies for polymer matrix composites. The final part of the book covers key aspects of performance, including tensile, compression, shear and bending properties as well as impact, fatigue and creep behaviour.Polymer matrix composites and technology provides both students and those in industry with a valuable introduction to and overview of this important class of materials. Provides a helpful overview of these materials, their processing and performance incorporating naming and classification of composite materials Reviews the main reinforcement and matrix materials used as well as the nature of the interface between them including damage mechanisms Discusses forming and molding technologies for polymer matrix composites outlining various techniques and technologies
Download or read book Papers Presented at the Meeting written by American Chemical Society. Division of Polymer Chemistry and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carbon Nanomaterial Based Adsorbents for Water Purification written by Suprakas Sinha Ray and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-06-27 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The deterioration of water quality and unavailability of drinkable water are pressing challenges worldwide. The removal of toxic organic and inorganic pollutants from water is vital for a clean environment, as a response to water scarcity. Adsorption-based water technologies are among the most widely used because of their high efficiency and low cost, without relying on a complex infrastructure. In recent years, carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), such as graphene and derivatives, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, nanoporous carbon, fullerenes, graphitic carbon nitride, and nanodiamonds have been extensively exploited as adsorbents due to their extraordinary surface properties, ease of modification, large surface area, controlled structural varieties, high chemical stability, porosity, low density, ease of regeneration, and reusability. This book provides a thorough overview of the state of the art in carbon nanomaterials as they are used for adsorption applications in water purifications, as well as addressing their toxicological challenges. This volume primarily explores the fundamentals of adsorption, its mechanical aspects, synthesis and properties of CNMs, and adsorption performances of CNMs and their nanocomposites with organic and inorganic materials. Structural engineering and activation processes produce materials with enhanced adsorptive properties and separation efficiencies. Furthermore, the formation of CNMs with 2D and 3D macro-and microstructures and high porosities is a potential approach to improve adsorption performances and extend CNM use at the industrial level. The book also addresses important issues regarding these adsorbents that potentially affect future research and industrial applications of carbon-based nanoadsorbents in water security. Presents advances in multifunctional 3D superstructures of carbon nanomaterials and their composites for adsorption applications Outlines the fundamentals on synthesis and characterization techniques of carbon-based nanostructures and their composites Assesses the major toxicological challenges in using nanostructured materials as adsorbents for water purification
Download or read book Frontiers in the Science and Technology of Polymer Recycling written by Güneri Akovali and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers, main components of plastics and rubbers, are being discarded in increasing quantities. But this waste can also be considered as `plastic gold'. Public concern, coupled with the inherent value of the material, means that recycling is imperative. The present book presents a survey of current knowledge in the form of case studies, including current legal and educational issues. Topics covered also include regulation and practice in NATO countries, the economics of recycling, the reprocessing of single polymers and mixtures, and future prospects and strategies. Audience: Vital reading for all polymer scientists, technicians and engineers.
Download or read book Sulfur Containing Polymers written by Xing-Hong Zhang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A must-have resource to the booming field of sulfur-containing polymers Sulfur-Containing Polymers is a state-of-the-art text that offers a synthesis of the various sulfur-containing polymers from low-cost sulfur resources such as elemental sulfur, carbon disulfide (CS2), carbonyl sulfide (COS) and mercaptan. With contributions from noted experts on the topic, the book presents an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms related to the synthesis of sulfur-containing polymers. The book also includes a review of the various types of sulfur-containing polymers, such as: poly(thioester)s, poly(thioether)s and poly(thiocarbonate)s and poly(thiourethane)s with linear or hyperbranched (dendrimer) architectures. The expert authors provide the fundamentals on the structure-property relationship and applications of sulfur-containing polymers. Designed to be beneficial for both research and application-oriented chemists and engineers, the book contains the most recent research and developments of sulfur-containing polymers. This important book: Offers the first comprehensive handbook on the topic Contains state-of-the-art research on synthesis of sulfur containing polymers from low-cost sulfur-containing compounds Examines the synthesis, mechanism, structure properties, and applications of various types of sulful-containing polymers Includes contributions from well-known experts Written for polymer chemists, materials scientists, chemists in industry, biochemists, and chemical engineers, Sulfur-Containing Polymers offers a groundbreaking text to the field with inforamtion on the most recent research.
Download or read book UV Coatings written by Reinhold Schwalm and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-12-21 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since UV curing (light induced polymerisation of multifunctional oligomers) is a very ecoefficient and energy saving curing method, the growth rates of UV curable coatings are in the range of 10% per year. The typical UV coatings are solvent free (100% solids), thus helping the industry and the environment to reduce significantly VOC (volatile organic compounds). Recently, the automotive industry has discovered that UV cured coatings are very scratch resistant, which stimulated very extensive work into the development of UV coatings for automotive applications. Since UV curing is very universal, also other systems besides the 100% solid (typical) UV coatings are developed, like waterbased UV- , UV powder and Dual cure (UV and thermal) systems. UV Coatings contains an overview of the technology, the curing process including the equipment necessary, the raw materials (resins, diluents, photoinitiators) used, the advantages and drawbacks of this fast emerging technology, as well as proposed technical solutions to tackle the disadvantages. Structure-property relationships will be given, especially regarding the mechanical properties of coatings as well as scratch resistance, mainly dealing with automotive performance criteria. The main part of the book will deal with new developments, like water-based UV coatings, UV powder coatings and dual cure systems, cured by UV and thermal energy, which have been developed to cure the coating on three dimensional substrates in shadow areas. The main applications of UV Coatings will be described, starting with the classical ones on temperature sensitive substrates, like wood, paper and plastics, where the UV curable coatings are already well established. * Looking at UV curing as a key to scratch resistant automotive clear coats * Ecoefficiency of UV Coatings * Comprehensive overview of the technology, materials and markets
Download or read book Advanced Composites written by Shadia Jamil Ikhmayies and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-30 with total page 655 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive collection of reviews and experimental research findings in the realm of composite materials. It explores manufacturing technologies and applications, as well as recent breakthroughs in nanomaterial-based composites, polymer-based composites, titanium matrix composites (TMCs), conducting polymers, natural polymers, graphene polymers, graphene composites, and organosulfur polymeric composites, alongside reinforced aluminum matrix composites. The mechanical and tribological aspects take center stage, with a focus on aluminum alloy composites as a superior alternative to traditional gear materials. The book also addresses cutting-edge composite materials developed for drug removal via adsorption techniques, radiation shielding, and their use as shielding absorbers for ionizing radiation. Furthermore, the significance of electrical contact materials and their performance is explored. The book unveils fabrication methods, sample preparation techniques, properties, and various applications of these remarkable composites. Topics range from additive manufacturing to solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction utilizing diverse composites as adsorbents. Additionally, the inverse vulcanization process, a novel technique involving the copolymerization of elemental sulfur with different monomers based on their resource origins, is discussed. Technologies such as powder metallurgy (PM), mechanical alloying (MA), self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), and rapid solidification processing (RSP) are described. The book further delves into the preparation techniques of zeolite using both conventional and advanced methods, along with the synthesis of various zeolite-based composites, particularly their application in environmental remediation. The book culminates with a summary of analysis and modeling techniques used in composite materials, including those employed in ballistic applications.
