Download or read book Study of the Production of Cellulases with Trichoderma Reesei and Investigation of the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Substrates written by Roberto Leyva and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fungi and Lignocellulosic Biomass written by Christian P. Kubicek and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-25 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harnessing fungi’s enzymatic ability to break down lignocellulolytic biomass to produce ethanol more efficiently and cost-effectively has become a significant research and industrial interest. Fungi and Lignocellulosic Biomass provides readers with a broad range of information on the uses and untapped potential of fungi in the production of bio-based fuels. With information on the molecular biological and genomic aspects of fungal degradation of plant cell walls to the industrial production and application of key fungal enzymes, chapters in the book cover topics such as enzymology of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin degradation. Edited by a leading researcher in the field, Fungi and Lignocellulosic Biomass will be a valuable tool in advancing the development and production of biofuels and a comprehensive resource for fungal biologists, enzymologists, protein chemists, biofuels chemical engineers, and other research and industry professionals in the field of biomass research.
Download or read book Trichoderma Reesei Cellulases written by C. P. Kubicek and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proceedings of a symposium on Trichoderma cellulases held at the Technical University of Vienna September 14-16, 1989, attended by 100 scientists representing both academic institutions and industrial research laboratories.
Download or read book Cellulase written by Marguerite Stevenson and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2016-09 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enzymes such as cellulases have been applied as tools for research and development and in almost every industrial sector including agriculture, food, beverages and animal feed, pulp and paper, textile. Cellulases is a general term that encompasses multiple enzymes that work in synergism for cellulose degradation. This book examines the production, applications and health benefits of cellulase. Chapter One describes the isolation, screening, diversity and cellulase production of microorganisms including their applications. Chapter Two discusses the factors affecting production of cellulase enzyme by microorganisms, the potential of indigenous microorganism for the bio-augmentation process of biosolids and occurrence of catabolite repression phenomenon of cellulase production during the enzymatic degradation of biosolids. Chapter Three gives an overview on cellulase microorganism producers, cellulolytic components and mechanism of action, with a focus on fungal enzymes of Trichoderma reesei, since they are predominant on the commercial cocktails used for 2G ethanol production. Chapter Four addresses substrate factors related to enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and lignocellulosic materials.
Download or read book Understanding the Role of the Productive Cellulase Binding Capacity in the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass written by Weiyin Wu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass is a major bottleneck in the bioconversion process that is in part overcome by a thermochemical pretreatment step to improve the enzymatic digestibility of the substrate. The goal of pretreatment is to improve the accessibility of cellulose to cellulases, yet a reliable and relevant metric for success is still elusive. The productive cellulase binding capacity (μmoles/g) was defined as the maximum number of cellulase enzymes per mass of biomass that can initiate cellulose hydrolysis on the pretreated substrate. In this study, biomass accessibility was investigated by measuring productive Trichoderma reesei Cel7A (TrCel7A) binding capacity of spruce using a Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) biosensor. Raw spruce and 195°C, 200°C, 210°C sulfur dioxide pretreated spruce samples were obtained from the University of Copenhagen. The 120-hour extent of hydrolysis shows distinct differences between the raw and pretreated spruce samples, where the percent conversion of pretreated spruce reached 52.6%, 71.3%, and 74.5%, respectively, and the raw spruce only reached 1.86% conversion. This demonstrates that pretreatment dramatically improves the accessibility of biomass. However, the productive TrCel7A binding capacity among the samples show no significant difference, which suggests raw spruce is just as accessible as the pretreated spruce. The results were counterintuitive to expectation based on the observation saccharification extents, so partially hydrolyzed raw and 200°C spruce samples were generated for further investigation. Further investigation of productive TrCel7A binding capacity on partially hydrolyzed spruce shows that the productive binding capacity for raw spruce sharply decreases with cellulose conversion while it remained relatively constant for pretreated spruce after a slight decrease. The distinction suggests pretreatment was able to increase digestibility of spruce by increasing the accessibility of the productive binding sites on spruce. In addition, hydrolysability of the substrate was explored using 200°C unhydrolyzed and partially hydrolyzed spruce samples by adding fresh consecutive batches of TrCel7A to the reaction system until the hydrolysis reaches the maximum. The term productive binding potential was defined as the total number of productive binding sites occupied by all the enzyme batches, and this was compared to the productive binding capacity of the 200°C unhydrolyzed and partially hydrolyzed spruce samples. The experiment shows the total productive binding concentration was larger than the productive binding capacity, which suggests that the pretreated spruce substrate became more digestible over the course of hydrolysis. Therefore, the rapid decline in hydrolysis rate observed in the saccharification extents could be because the tendency for the enzymes to become irreversibly bound increases as the substrate gets disintegrated further. Binding affinity between raw and SO2 pretreated spruce was explored to better understand the differences in substrate-enzyme interaction upon pretreatment. Fitting the Michaelis-Menten equation to the productive TrCel7A binding concentration data shows the binding affinity of TrCel7A to the substrate was improved upon pretreatment. This is consistent with a previous study on rice straw. Similar binding affinities for both raw biomass samples suggest that inhibition of TrCel7A is not affected by the amount of natural lignin and xylan. Similar binding affinities for pretreated samples suggest that precipitation and redeposition of lignin on the substrate surface are likely to be the contributing factor. The productive binding capacity was further studied with 10-months old spruce to better understand the effect of the storage condition. The results show the productive TrCel7A binding capacity is 50-100x smaller than the fresh spruce samples. The cellulose compositions and extent of hydrolysis, however, were not affected by the storage conditions. It is recommended to always use fresh samples to conduct productive binding measurements as well as long-term saccharification.
Download or read book The Cellulolytic Enzyme System of Trichoderma Reesei written by Tuula T. Teeri and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Current Status and Future Scope of Microbial Cellulases written by Deepak K. Tuli and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Status and Future Scope of Microbial Cellulases not only explores the present and future of cellulase production, it also compares solid state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SMF) for cellulase production. Chapters explore bioprocess engineering, metabolic engineering and genetic engineering approaches for enhanced cellulase production, including the application of cellulase for biofuel production. This important resource presents current technical status and the future direction of advances in cellulase production, including application of cellulases in different sectors. - Covers the present industrial scenarios and future prospect of cellulase production - Describes the molecular structure of cellulase - Explores genetic engineering, metabolic engineering and other approaches for improved cellulase production - Includes different applications of cellulases, including their application in the bioenergy sector
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993-02 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Collection of Trichoderma Reesei Cellulase by Foaming written by Qin Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Facing the current energy crisis, people try to find alternative energy sources. Certain microbes can ferment soluble sugars to ethanol, which is a well known biofuel. Cellulosic biomass is the most abundant renewable resource. Cellulose can be broken down to soluble sugars by the cellulase enzymes produced only by some microbes. The combination of the above two processes, i.e., break-down of cellulose to sugars and conversion of sugars to ethanol, represents a major approach of solving the energy crisis through renewable biological processes. One of the bottle necks of this approach is the relatively high production cost of cellulase. In this research, the main task was to develop a separation process for cellulase using cost-effective and environment-friendly foam-based techniques. First, the foaming properties of the fermentation broth of Trichoderma reesei RUT C-30 were investigated. The experiment results showed that cellulase was not the dominant substance that caused the foaming of the fermentation broth, although the increase of cellulase concentration in the fermentation process appeared to parallel the increase in foaming tendency. Cellulase concentration was found to be only a weakly positive factor contributing to the foaming whereas the presence of cells and solid cellulose powders had negative effects on foaming. The cell wall was found to be hydrophobic according to the study conducted to observe the cells partition between hydrophobic (organic solvent: n-hexadecane) phase and hydrophilic (aqueous) phase. The finding of hydrophobic cell wall was consistent with the observation that the cells would come out with foam in the foaming study. To prevent the cell from being foamed out of the fermentor during the foaming process intended for cellulase collection, the cell immobilization in small (3mm*3mm*3mm) pieces of polyurethane (PU) foams with different porosity and pore size was also investigated. With some of the PU foam materials, the cells could be effectively immobilized and would not be foamed out during the foaming process. Nevertheless, this system did not function well in the typical stir-tank fermentor: the high shear stress present near the tip of the impeller blades appeared to strip the immobilized cells off the PU foam pellets and caused significant subsequent growth of free (not immobilized) cells in the broth. In a subsequent study of cellulase production using cellulose hydrolysate (CH) as the inducing substrate, it was observed that the addition of the hydrolysate resulted in higher enrichment ratios of cellulase concentration in the collected foamate (over the residual concentration in the spent broth). The foaming study was then expanded to include the addition of other cellulase substrates and substrate analogs, such as xylan hydrolysate (XH) and carboxylmethylcellulose (CMC). The results clearly demonstrated the addition of CH, XH and CMC would improve the enrichment and purification of cellulases by foaming. The improvements were attributed to the affinity binding between the substrates/substrate analogs and the cellulase enzymes and the increased partition of the substrate-enzyme complexes to the foam's air-liquid interfaces. To further pursue the above affinity foaming phenomenon for significantly improved collection and, potentially, purification of cellulase, a polymeric foaming agent was designed and synthesized. The polymeric surfactant has two parts, one is the hydrophobic region containing methylmethacrylate (MMA) and methacrylic acid (MAA), the other part is cellobiose, i.e., the substrate of the enzyme to bind with during foaming process. Unfortunately, the foaming ability of this synthetic surfactant was not good enough and its synthesis was complicated. As an easier first step, two glycolipid biosurfactants, sophorolipids and rhamnolipids, were investigated as the possible affinity foaming agents. Both glycolipids had a disaccharide moiety that was expected to bind selectively to the â-glucosidase in cellulase. While sophorolipids did not foam well, rhamnolipids showed great foaming ability and selectivity towards â-glucosidase. The enrichment ratio of â-glucosidase activity in the foamate reached up to 20 in the solutions prepared by cellulase powders (from Sigma). The significant benefits of such affinity foam collection and/or fractionation techniques were clearly shown."--Abstract.
Download or read book Cellulose Hydrolysis written by Liang-tseng Fan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent economic trends, especially the worldwide decline in oil prices, and an altered political climate in the United States have combined to bring about major reductions in research on renewable energy resources. Yet there is no escaping the "facts of life" with regard to these resources. The days of inexpensive fossil energy are clearly numbered, the credibility of nuclear energy has fallen to a new low, and fusion energy stands decades or more from practical realization. Sooner than we may wish ,we will have to turn to renewable raw materials - plant "biomass" and, especially, wood - as significant suppliers of energy for both industry and everyday needs. It is therefore especially important to have a single, comprehensive and current source of information on a key step in any process for the technological exploitation of woody materials, cellulose hydrolysis. Further more, it is essential that any such treatment be unbiased with respect to the two methods - chemical and biochemical - for the breakdown of cellulose to sugars. Researchers on cellulose hydrolysis have frequently been chided by persons from industry, especially those individuals concerned with determining the economic feasibility of various technological alternatives. They tell us that schemes for the utilization of wood and other such resources fly in the face of economic realities.
Download or read book Trichoderma Reesei Cellulases and Other Hydrolases written by Pirkko Suominen and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cellulase Production by Trichoderma Reesei Rut C30 written by Chi-Ming Lo and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the price of oil continues to increase and the concern over global warming heightens, finding alternative renewable sources of energy becomes more and more imperative. Considering the abundance of lignocellulosic biomass, the potential significance of its conversion to fuel such as ethanol has long been recognized. Ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass requires the breakdown of the solid material to simple sugars that can be consumed by microorganisms. The breakdown of lignocelluloses includes the important step of hydrolyzing cellulose, which are [Beta]-1, 4 linked polymers of glucose, by a group of enzymes collectively termed cellulase. The cost of cellulase production profoundly influences the economics of the entire ethanol production process. Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 is the most commonly used fungal strain for industrial cellulase production. With an overall goal of decreasing the cellulase production cost, this thesis work was focused on two topics: (1) investigation of the performance of different cellulase-inducing substrates in T. reesei Rut C-30 fermentation and (2) development of a more advanced model to describe the culture behaviors of T. reesei Rut C-30 grown on lactose-based media. The cellulase-inducing substrates investigated in this work included the acid-treated hydrolysate, lactose, and the sophorolipids produced by the yeast Candida bombicola. In addition to the above focused topics, the effects of culture conditions on cellulase production were also investigated. The acid-treated hardwood hydrolysates used in the study were prepared by a two-stage process, with different durations of boiling and acid concentrations. The results indicated that the inducing ability of the hydrolysates decreased with increasing boiling time (less oligomers). The observation was attributed to the lower amounts of inducing oligomers remaining after the longer boiling in acid. When compared with cultures growing on mixed carbon substrates of cellulose and glucose, the culture growing on hydrolysates showed a longer lag phase of about 24 hours (before the active cell growth began), but produced adequately comparable final cellulase activity. The study with lactose as an inducing substrate was conducted in both batch and continuous culture systems with lactose and other relevant substrates (glycerol, glucose and galactose) as the carbon source. Instead of direct ingestion, lactose is believed to be hydrolyzed by extracellular enzymes to glucose and galactose, which are then taken up by the cells. The study results indicated that glucose strongly represses the galactose metabolism: Cells started to consume galactose only after the glucose had been depleted. A mathematical model incorporating all important metabolic activities was developed to describe the culture behaviors. All of the experimental results obtained were used in model fitting to generate a set of best-fit model parameters. The study provided significant conceptual and quantitative insights to the lactose metabolism and cellulase production by T. reesei Rut C-30. This study was also the first to hypothesize and demonstrate the use of sophorolipids as the inducing substrate for cellulase production. A unique process for cellulase production using a mixed culture of T. reesei Rut C30 and Candida Bombicola growing on glycerol-based media was investigated. Hypothetically, the sophorolipids produced by C. bombicola were hydrolyzed to form sophorose, which then served as the inducer for cellulase production by T. reesei. Further study to optimize the sophorolipid-induced cellulase production process is recommended.
Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 1126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Glucosidases Advances in Research and Application 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-06-21 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glucosidases—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Cellulases. The editors have built Glucosidases—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Cellulases in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Glucosidases—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Biosynthesis of Cellulase system from Trichoderma Reseei i e Reesei Characteristics written by Victor Ankang Awafo and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cellulases in the Biofuel Industry written by Pratima Bajpai and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-10-08 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cellulases in the Biofuel Industry discusses how the properties of cellulases affects the quality of the biofuels produced. Heralded as the solution to humanity’s energy problem and the savior of the world’s climate, extensive research is being carried out on biofuels but there are still gaps in our understanding. This book presents cost-effective and current scenarios for cellulase production in the biofuel industry, including the most recent advancements for obtaining cellulases with higher activity on pre-treated biomass substrates by screening and sequencing new organisms, engineering cellulases with improved properties, and by identifying proteins that can stimulate cellulases. The mechanism and efficiency of the cellulase enzyme system on cellulose is discussed with the specific classification of each cellulase enzyme, as well as explanations of the limitation of cellulases in terms of their production processes, efficiency and practical applications to biofuels. Various approaches to improve the production and efficiency of the cellulase enzyme system are evaluated, along with the current limitations that are hampering cost-effective production of cellulase and guidance on how these limitations might be resolved. Includes different approaches to improve the production and efficiency of the cellulase enzyme system Discusses the current limitations hampering the cost-effective production of cellulases Provides case studies that include essential information for those looking to adapt cellulases technology
Download or read book Sustainable Degradation of Lignocellulosic Biomass written by Anuj Chandel and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-05-15 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides important aspects of sustainable degradation of lignocellulosic biomass which has a pivotal role for the economic production of several value-added products and biofuels with safe environment. Different pretreatment techniques and enzymatic hydrolysis process along with the characterization of cell wall components have been discussed broadly. The following features of this book attribute its distinctiveness: This book comprehensively covers the improvement in methodologies for the biomass pretreatment, hemicellulose and cellulose breakdown into fermentable sugars, the analytical methods for biomass characterization, and bioconversion of cellulosics into biofuels. In addition, mechanistic analysis of biomass pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis have been discussed in details, highlighting key factors influencing these processes at industrial scale.
