Download or read book Study of Silica Scaling from Geothermal Brines Final Report 15 November 1974 30 April 1977 written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Condensation of silica from brines supersaturate in silicic acid was studied over a range of pH (4.5 to 6.5), temperature (75 to 105°C), salinity, and silicic acid concentration (700 to 1200 ppM as SiO2). The experimental technique involved analyses for molybdate-reactive silicic acid as a function of time after a supersaturated solution of Si(OH)4 was prepared by mixing aliquots of a stock silicate solution with buffered brine. The isothermal rate of SiO2 condensation is a strong function of supersaturation (C/Ce), pH, and salinity. The overall kinetics follow what is expected from the general theory of phase transitions. The kinetic results suggest that growth of nucleated particles is activation controlled, at least initially. The increase of condensation rate with salt content is attributed to a decrease in equilibrium solubility of SiO2. In effect, higher salt concentrations increase supersaturation and lead to faster nucleation. Higher nucleation and growth rates are observed at higher pH's. An increase of 1 pH unit increases rates by a factor of about 10. The pH dependence is consistent with the hypothesis that SiO(OH)3− is one of the reacting species. Temperature has little effect on condensation rate at a fixed initial silicic acid concentration. This result suggests that the increase in rate of activated steps brought about by increased temperature is essentially counterbalanced by a decrease in supersaturation (because of higher equilibrium solubility at higher temperatures). The kinetic results yield an activation energy of 17 kcal/mol for addition of silicic acid to a nucleated particle and 45 ergs/cm2 for the interfacial energy between precipitated silica and the brine. NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 had no specific effect on condensation rate. However, NaF had a large effect on rate; a few ppM (15 to 100) of fluoride ion accelerate condensation substantially.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 1696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geothermal Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1979-12 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Verkaufsf rderung im Lebensmitteleinzelhandel Programmiertes Informationssystem written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Study of Brine Treatment written by Sidney L. Phillips and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 1320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1979-03 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index Keyword A L written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Heat Transfer Fluid Flow Digest written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studies of Brine Chemistry and Scaling at the Salton Sea Geothermal Field 1977 1979 Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarized are the results of investigations of brine chemistry, the effects of brine acidification and organic additives on the rate of scale formation and scale composition, and the use of other additives for scale control. A bibliography of reports describing these studies is included. Recommendations are given for techniques and approaches for further testing of additives for silica scale control.
Download or read book Study of Silica Scaling from Geothermal Brines written by United States. Dept. of Energy and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geothermal Scaling and Corrosion written by L. A. Casper and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Petroleum Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 1268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Blue Book on Geothermal Resources written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Papers Presented at the International Conference on Geothermal Energy Florence Italy May 1982 written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
