Download or read book Study of Microbial Contamination of Aviation Fuel at CITA Petroleum written by Albert Olayemi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Analysis of Microbial Contamination in Military Aviation Fuel Systems written by Harold W. Graef and published by . This book was released on 2003-03-01 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Military aviation fuel systems can be an ideal environment for microorganisms. Microbial growth in hydrocarbon fuel systems arises because of the impracticality of keeping fuel tanks sterile and the inevitable presence of water from condensation. Microbial contaminants in aviation fuel systems are a concern because of their potential to degrade the fuel, accelerate tank corrosion, and threaten flight safety. This research addresses the concern of using more environmentally friendly Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (FSII), which are also biocidal. Are significant levels of microorganisms growing in military aviation fuel systems, and if so, are there any common variables? Forty aviation fuel samples were collected from fuel storage tanks (including flexible expeditionary fuel bladders), refueling trucks, and aircraft from 12 U,S, military bases. Samples were analyzed using peak naming and pattern recognition algorithms of sample extracts processed on a gas chromatograph. Significant levels of microorganisms were found in military aviation fuel systems 90% (36 of 40) of fuel samples produced microbial growth. Over 40% of the serial dilutions that produced microbial growth were characterized as moderately or heavily contaminated samples. The microorganisms isolated were overwhelmingly Gram negative, anaerobic, bacilli with populations varying by orders of magnitude.
Download or read book Microbiological Aircraft Fuel Tank Contamination written by Coordinating Research Council. Aviation Group on Aircraft Fuel Tank Corrosion and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbial Contamination of Jet Fuel written by William B. Engel and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanism of Microbiological Contamination of Jet Fuel and Development of Techniques for Detection of Microbial Contamination written by Gordon C. Blanchard and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book DNA Isolation of Microbial Contaminants in Aviation Turbine Fuel Via Traditional Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR and Direct PCR Preliminary Results written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbially contaminated aviation fuel cause the Air Force increased maintenance and replacement costs from problems such as fuel gauge malfunctions, fuel line and filter plugging, and corrosion. As a result, there is considerable interest in identifying microbial growth and finding strategies to mitigate it. Previous research to isolate and identify aviation fuel microbial contaminants has used cultivation-based methodologies. This study aimed to investigate newer molecular methods to more comprehensively characterize the bioburden in aviation fuel supplies. Several fuel samples were analyzed for bacterial contamination using two distinct methods: a cultivation-independent method (direct PCR) and a traditional cultivation-dependant method. A total of 36 bacterial genera were identified, including 28 genera which have not been previously reported in aviation fuel. Nearly 62% of the new bacterial genera were isolated with the cultivation-independent method only, 33% with both methods, and only 5% with the cultivation-dependant method only.
Download or read book Mechanism of Microbiological Contamination of Jet Fuel and Development of Techniques for Detection of Microbiological Contamination written by Melpar, inc. Research Division and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress was made in determining the relationship between aluminum corrosion, sludge formation, and microbial metabolism. (1) Two assays using tetrazolium reduction were developed for the detection of small numbers of fuel microorganisms. (2) Growth of microorganisms in fuelwater media causes chemical changes in environment which result in a changing microbial flora. During growth in a closed system the pH and oxygen level decrease but the Eh and CO2 levels increase. (3) The conditions for demonstrating microbial corrosion were further defined. The corrosion studies carried out were of value in showing the multiplicity of factors entering into the corrosion process. The studies show that factors such as the composition of the growth medium, the composition, thickness, hardness, and microstructure of the aluminum alloys are of particular importance to the production and character of microbial corrosion. Research on the nutrition of fuel-oxidizing Pseudomonas resulted in the formulation of a fuel-water medium capable of yielding 100 times the growth observed on any medium described in the literature.
Download or read book Study of Antimicrobial Additives for Petroleum Fuel written by Serge Markov and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report comprises an informative abstract of a Soviet paper on the subject of microbiological contamination of jet fuels and its prevention. Included is a translation of an earlier newspaper item on the same subject.
Download or read book The Effect of Diethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether DiEGME on Microbial Contamination of Jet Fuel A Minimum Concentration Study written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DiEGME) is widely used in military aircraft to inhibit both fuel system icing and microbial growth. However, due to the cost of this additive and its deleterious effects of the additive, a study is being conducted to determine if it is possible to reduce the concentration of DiEGME in military aircraft fuel. The study presented here was conducted to support the larger study investigating the possible impact of lowering the DiEGME level from ~0.05-0.15% to ~0.00-0.05% by volume in the fuel phase. The study presented here was confined to the impact upon the biocidal/biostatic properties of the additive. This study suggests that a minimum of ~0.01-0.02% DiEGME is needed to retain biocidal/biostatic effectiveness.
Download or read book Mechanism of Microbiological Contamination of Jet Fuel and Development of Techniques for Detection of Microbiological Contamination written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress was made in determining the relationship between aluminum corrosion, sludge formation, and microbial metabolism. (1) Two assays using tetrazolium reduction were developed for the detection of small numbers of fuel microorganisms. (2) Growth of microorganisms in fuelwater media causes chemical changes in environment which result in a changing microbial flora. During growth in a closed system the pH and oxygen level decrease but the Eh and CO2 levels increase. (3) The conditions for demonstrating microbial corrosion were further defined. The corrosion studies carried out were of value in showing the multiplicity of factors entering into the corrosion process. The studies show that factors such as the composition of the growth medium, the composition, thickness, hardness, and microstructure of the aluminum alloys are of particular importance to the production and character of microbial corrosion. Research on the nutrition of fuel-oxidizing Pseudomonas resulted in the formulation of a fuel-water medium capable of yielding 100 times the growth observed on any medium described in the literature.
Download or read book Mechanism of Microbiological Contamination of Jet Fuel and Development of Techniques for Detection of Microbiological Contamination written by Gordon C. Blanchard and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress was made in determining the relationship between aluminum corrosion, sludge formation, and microbial metabolism. (1) Two assays using tetrazolium reduction were developed for the detection of small numbers of fuel microorganisms. (2) Growth of microorganisms in fuelwater media causes chemical changes in environment which result in a changing microbial flora. During growth in a closed system the pH and oxygen level decrease but the Eh and CO2 levels increase. (3) The conditions for demonstrating microbial corrosion were further defined. The corrosion studies carried out were of value in showing the multiplicity of factors entering into the corrosion process. The studies show that factors such as the composition of the growth medium, the composition, thickness, hardness, and microstructure of the aluminum alloys are of particular importance to the production and character of microbial corrosion. Research on the nutrition of fuel-oxidizing Pseudomonas resulted in the formulation of a fuel-water medium capable of yielding 100 times the growth observed on any medium described in the literature.
Download or read book Microbial Contamination of Usaf Jp 4 Fuels written by Viola H. Finefrock and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Biospecialties Branch, MRMPB, 6570 Aerospace Medical Research Laboratories, initiated a research effort to support and supplement the Air Force Aeronautical Systems Division program concerned with the relationship of microbial contamination to deleterious changes in JP-4 fuel systems. Results of this program have shown the following: the majority of JP-4 fuel systems contain low levels of viable microorganisms; microorganisms are primarily associated with the water phase and rarely with the fuel phase of a JP-4 fuel/water system; JP-fuels exert a toxic effect on viable microbial cells; and microbial corrosion of aluminum alloys 7075 2024, and 7178 can occur in the laboratory but does not appear to be the major cause of corrosion in operational systems. Twenty percent ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) in a laboratory JP-4 fuel/water-bottom acts as an inhibitor to the majority of viable cells present. As a result of engineering design, it is possible that fuel capacitance probes can cease to operate as a result of microbial growth. Micronic filter materials of phenolformaldehyde impregnated paper can support the growth of microorganisms, but growth even after 43 days is insufficient to cause filter clogging, provided the filter is immersed in fuel. In addition, field surveys of JP-4 fuel handling facilities and aircraft have shown that improved housekeeping and the use of EGME have reduced the quantity of microbial contaminants initially found in the jet systems to an insignificant level.
Download or read book Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-07-29 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scores of talented and dedicated people serve the forensic science community, performing vitally important work. However, they are often constrained by lack of adequate resources, sound policies, and national support. It is clear that change and advancements, both systematic and scientific, are needed in a number of forensic science disciplines to ensure the reliability of work, establish enforceable standards, and promote best practices with consistent application. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward provides a detailed plan for addressing these needs and suggests the creation of a new government entity, the National Institute of Forensic Science, to establish and enforce standards within the forensic science community. The benefits of improving and regulating the forensic science disciplines are clear: assisting law enforcement officials, enhancing homeland security, and reducing the risk of wrongful conviction and exoneration. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States gives a full account of what is needed to advance the forensic science disciplines, including upgrading of systems and organizational structures, better training, widespread adoption of uniform and enforceable best practices, and mandatory certification and accreditation programs. While this book provides an essential call-to-action for congress and policy makers, it also serves as a vital tool for law enforcement agencies, criminal prosecutors and attorneys, and forensic science educators.
Download or read book Microbiological Contamination of Fuels During Storage written by ES. Littmann and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microorganism growth during hydrocarbon storage is a well-recognized problem. The most easily detected problem is fuel filter plugging, particularly in aviation fuels. Other problems include degradation of hydrocarbon quality, corrosion of storage tanks, and concentration of hazardous or toxic growth by-products in the water associated with the storage.
Download or read book Biodegradation of JP 5 Aviation Fuel by Subsurface Microbial Communities written by Charles M. Swindoll and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leakage of the aviation fuels JP-5, JP-4 and AVGAS from storage tanks has resulted in a severe environmental insult to a Naval fuel farm and adjacent areas. As part of the reclamation effort, the indigenous microorganisms are being characterized. This information will be used to optimize the bioreclamation of the site. Approximately 60 aerobic microorganisms, including more than 40 bacteria, 6 actinomycetes and 10 fungi have been isolated from soil contaminated with aviation fuels and adjacent non contaminated with aviation fuels and adjacent noncontaminated soil. All isolated bacteria were able to grow on JP-5 as their sole carbon source. Most of the bacteria from the contaminated sites were small, gram negative rods, while most bacteria from the noncontaminated site were gram positive rods. All of these microorganisms would be expected to contribute to the bioremediation of the contaminated site.
Download or read book In Situ Bioremediation of Ground Water and Geological Material written by Robert D. Norris and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1995-08 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a detailed background of the technologies available for the bioremediation of contaminated soil & ground water. Prepared for scientists, consultants, regulatory personnel, & others who are associated in some way with the restoration of soil & ground water at hazardous waste sites. Also provides insights to emerging technologies which are at the research level of formation, ranging from theoretical concepts, through bench scale inquiries, to limited field-scale investigations. 95 tables & figures.
Download or read book Our Common Future written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
