Download or read book Studies on the Cell Wall of Dinoflagellate Resting Cysts written by John Peter Kokinos and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents a series of investigations on the specialized cell covering of a dormant stage (the resting cyst) in the life cycle of the marine dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedra. These cell walls, along with those of resting cysts formed by many other dinoflagellate species, are resistant to degradation and persist in the depositional environment. Selective preservation of these materials has created a rich dinoflagellate fossil record (extending back ~225 million years) which has shown great utility in biostratigraphic applications. By elucidating the nature of resting cyst walls and directly observing their development in laboratory cultures, the research presented here addresses several long-standing questions regarding both the paleontology and biology of dinoflagellates. Although resting cyst formation has been reported in other extant species, this thesis documents for the first time the morphological development of resting cysts having "fossilizable", morphologically complex cell walls. In laboratory cultures of L. polyedra, resting cyst formation is an extremely rapid phenomenon; the transition from thecate, actively swimming planozygote to spine-bearing, morphologically mature hypnozygote occurs within 10-20 minutes. The basic mechanism consists of dramatic cell expansion resulting from the widening of an interstice between the planozygotic cytoplasm and a balloon-like membrane external to the theca. Key morphological events in the development of the distinctive L. polyedra resting cyst cell covering occur within this interstice. These include early dissociation and outward migration of the theca, formation of the resistant endophragm, and growth of spines from globules on the surface of the cytoplasm. The level of morphological maturity attained by the encysting cell depends primarily on how much development occurs before rupture of the expanding outer membrane. H rupture is premature, a wide variation of resting cyst morphology may occur, particularly with respect to the size, number, and distribution of processes. The direct observation of these developmental events has shed much light on several issues regarding resting cyst morphogenesis. First, growth of L. polyedra resting cyst spines is clearly centrifugal (i.e. growing radially outward). Although not necessarily representative of spine growth in all species, this mode of formation provides a useful preliminary framework for interpreting some of the "histrichosphaerid" morphologies present in the fossil record. Second, in this species at least, the theca plays no direct role in influencing the morphology of spines. Finally, considerable variation in spine morphology is possible within one biologically-defined species. This last point has considerable significance for cyst-based taxonomy, and strongly suggests that several of the fossil morphotypes traditionally designated as separate species of Lingulodinium are, in fact, synonymous. Ultrastructural examination of L. polyedra resting cysts formed in laboratory culture has shown, for the first time, the fine structure of the cell walls enclosing a living, paleontologically-signillcant resting cyst. Unfortunately, difficulties associated with fixation and infiltration of these thick-walled structures precluded an in-depth investigation of the ultrastructural dynamics underlying the morphological development described above. Preliminary results, however, confirm earlier speculation that only the outermost wall of the L. polyedra resting cyst is normally preserved in the fossil record. This outer wall (including spines) appears constructed of closely appressed structural units, an ultrastructural style apparently widespread among species related to L. polyedra. The resistant cell walls of L. polyedra resting cysts were isolated from laboratory cultures and chemically characterized by an extensive array of analytical techniques. Both thermal (pyrolysis) and chemical (CuO oxidation) dissociation of this material yielded suites of products consistent with a macromolecular substance composed signillcantly of aromatic components. In addition, the relative abundance of carboxylated phenols among resting cyst CuO oxidation products indicated that aromatic structural units in the dinoflagellate material may be largely carbon-carbon linked, probably directly through aromatic nuclei. Such a "condensed" arrangement may be, in part, responsible for the remarkable resistance of the dinoflagellate resting cyst wall biopolymer. Overall, the aromatic signature of L. polyedra resting cyst wall material can be clearly distinguished from that of both pollen wall "sporopollenin" and classical lignin. Although some short chain carboxylic acids are generated during CuO oxidation, there is little evidence obtained by dissociation techniques to suggest the significant presence of extended polymethylenic elements in this macromolecular substance. As a result, the dinoflagellate material appears fundamentally different from the highly aliphatic "algaenans" recently identified in the cell wall of several chlorophyte species. Interestingly, pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS) of resting cyst wall material produced an abundance ofprist-1-ene, strongly suggesting the presence of bound tocopherols which may play an important structural role in the resistant cell wall biopolymer. Lipid analysis of L. polyedra culture extract revealed a series of even carbon numbered fatty acids (C14 - C24), as well as sterols (including dinosterol and cholesterol), and a full suite of tocopherols. These compounds are present during construction of the resistant outer wall of the resting cyst, and could function as precursors to the resting cyst wall biopolymer. Another possibility, given the strong aromaticity predicted by the results of pyrolysis and CuO oxidation, is some contribution by aromatic amino acids in an analogous fashion to lignin biosynthesis. The extensive chemical characterization of the outermost cell wall of L. polyedra resting cysts reported in this thesis provides the first rigorous analysis of "fossilizable" biopolymer(s) produced by an extant dinoflagellate. Furthermore, these analyses represent an unprecedented level of chemical characterization of a resistant algal cell wall biopolymer, and clearly demonstrate the unique nature of the L. polyedra resting cyst wall. As a result, this work provides the first chemical data to justify the term "dinosporin", previously proposed to distinguish the highly resistant material comprising dinoflagellate resting cyst walls from other resistant cell wall biopolymers

Download or read book Biological and Geological Perspectives of Dinoflagellates written by F. Marret and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2013-12-04 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an overview of current research on fossil and modern dinoflagellates, as well as highlighting research areas for future collaboration, following the DINO9 International Conference in Liverpool. The volume is organized into four themes, with a review paper for each theme written by the key-note speaker. Each theme also includes a future research foci note following discussion during the conference. The contributions are organized into the following sections: environmental change, ecology/palaeoecology, life cycles and diversity, and stratigraphy and evolution. Also included are notes from two workshops: culture experiments and dinocysts as palaeoceanographic tracers. This volume will be of interest to both the biological and micropalaeontological communities.

Download or read book Survival Strategies of the Algae written by Phycological Society of America and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1983-03-31 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1983 book provides information regarding ecological conditions and population dynamics of both marine and freshwater algae form diverse habitats.

Download or read book Physiological Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms written by Donald Mark Anderson and published by Springer. This book was released on 1998-04-16 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "The Physiological Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms", held at the Bermuda Biological Station for Research, Bermuda, May 27- June 6, 1996

Download or read book Applications of Non Pollen Palynomorphs written by F. Marret and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2021-10-29 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This long-awaited book about non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) aims to cover gaps in our knowledge of these abundant but understudied palynological remains. NPPs, such as fungal spores, testate amoebae, dinoflagellate cysts, acritarchs and animal remains, are routinely recovered from palynological preparations of marine or terrestrial material, from Proterozoic to recent geological times. This book gives the reader a comprehensive overview of the different types of NPPs, with examples from diverse time periods and environments. It provides guidance on sample preparation to maximize the recovery of these NPPs, detailed information on their diversity and ecological affinity, clarification on the nomenclature and demonstrates their value as environmental indicators. This volume will become the reference guide for any student, academic or practitioner interested in everything else in their palynological preparations.

Download or read book The Encyclopedia of Paleontology written by Rhodes W. Fairbridge and published by Springer. This book was released on 1979 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scholarly work with lengthy entries followed by references for further reading. Many illustrations. Indexed.

Download or read book Phycology written by Robert Edward Lee and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-03-27 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phycology is the study of algae, the primary photosynthetic organisms in freshwater and marine food chains. As a food source for zooplankton and filter-feeding shellfish, the algae are an extremely important group. Since the publication of the first edition in 1981, this textbook has established itself as a classic resource on phycology. This revised edition maintains the format of previous editions, whilst incorporating more recent information from nucleic acid sequencing studies. Detailed life-history drawings of algae are presented alongside information on the cytology, ecology, biochemistry, and economic importance of selected genera. Phycology is suitable for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students following courses in phycology, limnology or biological oceanography. Emphasis is placed on those algae that are commonly covered in phycology courses, and encountered by students in marine and freshwater habitats.

Download or read book Oceanography And Marine Biology written by R. N. Gibson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-12-19 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series is an essential reference text for research workers and students in all fields of marine science and related subjects. An ever increasing interest in oceanography and environmental issues makes it especially relevant.

Download or read book Marine Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Red Tides written by Tomotoshi Okaichi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-06-04 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines large-scale outbreaks of red tide along coastal areas, which is associated with fish and shellfish mass mortalities through poisoning. This book discusses the red tide phenomena throughout the world, including biological research results on taxonomy of cyst and vegetative cells of red tide organisms and ecological and physiological studies using ecological modeling.

Download or read book Oceanography and Marine Biology written by S. J. Hawkins and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-08-02 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review remains one of the most cited sources in marine science and oceanography. The ever increasing interest in work in oceanography and marine biology and its relevance to global environmental issues, especially global climate change and its impacts, creates a demand for authoritative reviews summarizing the results of recent research. This volume covers topics that include resting cysts from coastal marine plankton, facilitation cascades in marine ecosystems, and the way that human activities are rapidly altering the sensory landscape and behaviour of marine animals. For more than 50 years, OMBAR has been an essential reference for research workers and students in all fields of marine science. From Volume 57 a new international Editorial Board ensures global relevance, with editors from the UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and Singapore. The series volumes find a place in the libraries of not only marine laboratories and institutes, but also universities. Previous volume Impact Factors include: Volume 53, 4.545. Volume 54, 7.000. Volume 55, 5.071. Guidelines for contributors, including information on illustration requirements, can be downloaded on the Downloads/Updates tab on the volume's CRC Press webpage. Chapters 3, 4, 5 and 7 of this book are freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. The links can be found on the book's Routledge web page at https://www.routledge.com//9780367134150

Download or read book Fossil and Living Dinoflagellates written by W. A. S. Sarjeant and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-17 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fossil and Living Dinoflagellates presents a detailed account of the cell physiology, morphology, and mode of life of dinoflagellates. This book discusses the development in the research, both on fossil and living dinoflagellates. Organized into nine chapters, this book begins with an overview of dinoflagellates as the most important producers of luminescence in the oceans, which sometimes cause tropical seas to glow with phosphorescent light. This text then examines the characteristic feature of dinoflagellates to possess two flagella. Other chapters consider the sequence of events during reproduction in the armored dinoflagellate Glenodinium foliaceum based on culture. This book discusses as well the encystment in non-marine dinoflagellates, which occurs in response to the oncoming of adverse environmental conditions. The final chapter deals with the distribution pattern of dinoflagellate cysts in fossil sediments. This book is a valuable resource for marine biologists, zoologist, paleontologists, micropaleontologists, geologists, taxonomists, microscopists, geneticists, and research workers.

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Miocene Dinoflagellate Stratigraphy and Systematics of Maryland and Virginia written by Laurent De Verteuil and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Marine Research 1973 written by United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Freshwater Algae of North America written by John D. Wehr and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-06-05 with total page 1067 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freshwater Algae of North America: Ecology and Classification, Second Edition is an authoritative and practical treatise on the classification, biodiversity, and ecology of all known genera of freshwater algae from North America. The book provides essential taxonomic and ecological information about one of the most diverse and ubiquitous groups of organisms on earth. This single volume brings together experts on all the groups of algae that occur in fresh waters (also soils, snow, and extreme inland environments). In the decade since the first edition, there has been an explosion of new information on the classification, ecology, and biogeography of many groups of algae, with the use of molecular techniques and renewed interest in biological diversity. Accordingly, this new edition covers updated classification information of most algal groups and the reassignment of many genera and species, as well as new research on harmful algal blooms. - Extensive and complete - Describes every genus of freshwater algae known from North America, with an analytical dichotomous key, descriptions of diagnostic features, and at least one image of every genus. - Full-color images throughout provide superb visual examples of freshwater algae - Updated Environmental Issues and Classifications, including new information on harmful algal blooms (HAB) - Fully revised introductory chapters, including new topics on biodiversity, and taste and odor problems - Updated to reflect the rapid advances in algal classification and taxonomy due to the widespread use of DNA technologies

Download or read book Applications of Paleoenvironmental Techniques in Estuarine Studies written by Kaarina Weckström and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-13 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this edited volume is to introduce the scientific community to paleoenvironmental studies of estuaries, to highlight the types of information that can be obtained from such studies, and to promote the use of paleoenvironmental studies in estuarine management. Readers will learn about the the application of different paleoecological approaches used in estuaries that develop our understanding of their response to natural and human influences. Particular attention is given to the essential steps required for undertaking a paleoecological study, in particular with regard to site selection, core extraction and chronological techniques, followed by the range of indicators that can be used. A series of case studies are discussed in the book to demonstrate how paleoecological studies can be used to address key questions, and to sustainably manage these important coastal environments in the future. This book will appeal to professional scientists interested in estuarine studies and/or paleoenvironmental research, as well as estuarine managers who are interested in the incorporation of paleoenvironmental research into their management programs.