Download or read book Studies on Microorganisms in Jet Aircraft Fuel Systems written by Morris Glenn Crum and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Analysis of Microbial Contamination in Military Aviation Fuel Systems written by Harold W. Graef and published by . This book was released on 2003-03-01 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Military aviation fuel systems can be an ideal environment for microorganisms. Microbial growth in hydrocarbon fuel systems arises because of the impracticality of keeping fuel tanks sterile and the inevitable presence of water from condensation. Microbial contaminants in aviation fuel systems are a concern because of their potential to degrade the fuel, accelerate tank corrosion, and threaten flight safety. This research addresses the concern of using more environmentally friendly Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (FSII), which are also biocidal. Are significant levels of microorganisms growing in military aviation fuel systems, and if so, are there any common variables? Forty aviation fuel samples were collected from fuel storage tanks (including flexible expeditionary fuel bladders), refueling trucks, and aircraft from 12 U,S, military bases. Samples were analyzed using peak naming and pattern recognition algorithms of sample extracts processed on a gas chromatograph. Significant levels of microorganisms were found in military aviation fuel systems 90% (36 of 40) of fuel samples produced microbial growth. Over 40% of the serial dilutions that produced microbial growth were characterized as moderately or heavily contaminated samples. The microorganisms isolated were overwhelmingly Gram negative, anaerobic, bacilli with populations varying by orders of magnitude.
Download or read book Microbial Contamination of Usaf Jp 4 Fuels written by Viola H. Finefrock and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Biospecialties Branch, MRMPB, 6570 Aerospace Medical Research Laboratories, initiated a research effort to support and supplement the Air Force Aeronautical Systems Division program concerned with the relationship of microbial contamination to deleterious changes in JP-4 fuel systems. Results of this program have shown the following: the majority of JP-4 fuel systems contain low levels of viable microorganisms; microorganisms are primarily associated with the water phase and rarely with the fuel phase of a JP-4 fuel/water system; JP-fuels exert a toxic effect on viable microbial cells; and microbial corrosion of aluminum alloys 7075 2024, and 7178 can occur in the laboratory but does not appear to be the major cause of corrosion in operational systems. Twenty percent ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) in a laboratory JP-4 fuel/water-bottom acts as an inhibitor to the majority of viable cells present. As a result of engineering design, it is possible that fuel capacitance probes can cease to operate as a result of microbial growth. Micronic filter materials of phenolformaldehyde impregnated paper can support the growth of microorganisms, but growth even after 43 days is insufficient to cause filter clogging, provided the filter is immersed in fuel. In addition, field surveys of JP-4 fuel handling facilities and aircraft have shown that improved housekeeping and the use of EGME have reduced the quantity of microbial contaminants initially found in the jet systems to an insignificant level.
Download or read book Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-08-09 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary human activities that release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere are the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) to generate electricity, the provision of energy for transportation, and as a consequence of some industrial processes. Although aviation CO2 emissions only make up approximately 2.0 to 2.5 percent of total global annual CO2 emissions, research to reduce CO2 emissions is urgent because (1) such reductions may be legislated even as commercial air travel grows, (2) because it takes new technology a long time to propagate into and through the aviation fleet, and (3) because of the ongoing impact of global CO2 emissions. Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research develops a national research agenda for reducing CO2 emissions from commercial aviation. This report focuses on propulsion and energy technologies for reducing carbon emissions from large, commercial aircraftâ€" single-aisle and twin-aisle aircraft that carry 100 or more passengersâ€"because such aircraft account for more than 90 percent of global emissions from commercial aircraft. Moreover, while smaller aircraft also emit CO2, they make only a minor contribution to global emissions, and many technologies that reduce CO2 emissions for large aircraft also apply to smaller aircraft. As commercial aviation continues to grow in terms of revenue-passenger miles and cargo ton miles, CO2 emissions are expected to increase. To reduce the contribution of aviation to climate change, it is essential to improve the effectiveness of ongoing efforts to reduce emissions and initiate research into new approaches.
Download or read book Aircraft Fuel Systems written by Roy Langton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-05-18 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All aspects of fuel products and systems including fuel handling, quantity gauging and management functions for both commercial (civil) and military applications. The fuel systems on board modern aircraft are multi-functional, fully integrated complex networks. They are designed to provide a proper and reliable management of fuel resources throughout all phases of operation, notwithstanding changes in altitude or speed, as well as to monitor system functionality and advise the flight crew of any operational anomalies that may develop. Collates together a wealth of information on fuel system design that is currently disseminated throughout the literature. Authored by leading industry experts from Airbus and Parker Aerospace. Includes chapters on basic system functions, features and functions unique to military aircraft, fuel handling, fuel quantity gauging and management, fuel systems safety and fuel systems design and development. Accompanied by a companion website housing a MATLAB/SIMULINK model of a modern aircraft fuel system that allows the user to set up flight conditions, investigate the effects of equipment failures and virtually fly preset missions. Aircraft Fuel Systems provides a timely and invaluable resource for engineers, project and programme managers in the equipment supply and application communities, as well as for graduate and postgraduate students of mechanical and aerospace engineering. It constitutes an invaluable addition to the established Wiley Aerospace Series.
Download or read book Mechanism of Microbiological Contamination of Jet Fuel and Development of Techniques for Detection of Microbiological Contamination written by Gordon C. Blanchard and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress was made in determining the relationship between aluminum corrosion, sludge formation, and microbial metabolism. (1) Two assays using tetrazolium reduction were developed for the detection of small numbers of fuel microorganisms. (2) Growth of microorganisms in fuelwater media causes chemical changes in environment which result in a changing microbial flora. During growth in a closed system the pH and oxygen level decrease but the Eh and CO2 levels increase. (3) The conditions for demonstrating microbial corrosion were further defined. The corrosion studies carried out were of value in showing the multiplicity of factors entering into the corrosion process. The studies show that factors such as the composition of the growth medium, the composition, thickness, hardness, and microstructure of the aluminum alloys are of particular importance to the production and character of microbial corrosion. Research on the nutrition of fuel-oxidizing Pseudomonas resulted in the formulation of a fuel-water medium capable of yielding 100 times the growth observed on any medium described in the literature.
Download or read book Mechanism of Microbiological Contamination of Jet Fuel and Development of Techniques for Detection of Microbiological Contamination written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress was made in determining the relationship between aluminum corrosion, sludge formation, and microbial metabolism. (1) Two assays using tetrazolium reduction were developed for the detection of small numbers of fuel microorganisms. (2) Growth of microorganisms in fuelwater media causes chemical changes in environment which result in a changing microbial flora. During growth in a closed system the pH and oxygen level decrease but the Eh and CO2 levels increase. (3) The conditions for demonstrating microbial corrosion were further defined. The corrosion studies carried out were of value in showing the multiplicity of factors entering into the corrosion process. The studies show that factors such as the composition of the growth medium, the composition, thickness, hardness, and microstructure of the aluminum alloys are of particular importance to the production and character of microbial corrosion. Research on the nutrition of fuel-oxidizing Pseudomonas resulted in the formulation of a fuel-water medium capable of yielding 100 times the growth observed on any medium described in the literature.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Report of NRL Progress written by Naval Research Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Government Research Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 1118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of a Biocidal Turbine fuel Additive written by Charles R. Crane and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Government Research and Development Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 1776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aviation Medical Reports written by United States. Office of Aviation Medicine and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanism of Microbiological Contamination of Jet Fuel and Development of Techniques for Detection of Microbiological Contamination written by Melpar, inc. Research Division and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress was made in determining the relationship between aluminum corrosion, sludge formation, and microbial metabolism. (1) Two assays using tetrazolium reduction were developed for the detection of small numbers of fuel microorganisms. (2) Growth of microorganisms in fuelwater media causes chemical changes in environment which result in a changing microbial flora. During growth in a closed system the pH and oxygen level decrease but the Eh and CO2 levels increase. (3) The conditions for demonstrating microbial corrosion were further defined. The corrosion studies carried out were of value in showing the multiplicity of factors entering into the corrosion process. The studies show that factors such as the composition of the growth medium, the composition, thickness, hardness, and microstructure of the aluminum alloys are of particular importance to the production and character of microbial corrosion. Research on the nutrition of fuel-oxidizing Pseudomonas resulted in the formulation of a fuel-water medium capable of yielding 100 times the growth observed on any medium described in the literature.
Download or read book Military Research on Jet Fuel Contamination written by Donald B. Brooks and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Serious aircraft troubles, including engine flameouts, fuel gage malfunctions, integral tank corrosion, and other fuel system difficulties have been traced to contaminants in the fuel. The chief offenders, singly or in combination, were found to be water, dirt (especially iron rust), surfactants, and microorganisms. Improper operation and maintenance of fuel handling equipment was found to be the causative factor in each case of serious fuel contamination thus far investigated. The consensus of informed opinion is that the troubles encountered in field handling of fuels can be averted by good house keeping throughout the fuel handling system.
Download or read book A Review of the Air Force Materials Research and Development Program written by United States. Wright Air Development Division and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review of the research and development work sponsored in the field of materials and processes over the past decade is presented. Abstracts of WADC Technical Reports for the period 1 July 1951 to 30 June 1953 are included. A summary of Technical Reports published in the areas of metallurgy, textiles, petroleum products, structural materials, rubbers, plastics, packaging, protective treatments, analysis and measurements are included also.
Download or read book Technical Abstract Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
