Download or read book Studies of the Function of DNAA Boxes in the Control of DNA Replication in Escherichia Coli written by B. Bak Christensen and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulation of Chromosomal DNA Replication in Escherichia Coli written by Lyle Adair Simmons and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book DNA Replication Control in Microbial Cell Factories written by Monika Glinkowska and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-23 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work describes the current knowledge of biochemical mechanisms regulating initiation of DNA replication in Escherichia coli, which focuses on the control of activity of the DnaA protein. Examples of direct linkages between DNA replication and other cellular processes are provided. In addition, similarities of the mechanisms of regulation of DNA replication operating in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are identified, and implications for understanding more complex processes, like carcinogenesis are suggested. Studies of recent years provided evidence that regulation of DNA replication in bacteria is more complex than previously anticipated. Multiple layers of control seem to ensure coordination of this process with the increase of cellular mass and the division cycle. Metabolic processes and membrane composition may serve as points where integration of genome replication with growth conditions occurs. It is also likely that coupling of DNA synthesis with cellular metabolism may involve interactions of replication proteins with other macromolecular complexes, responsible for various cellular processes. Thus, the exact set of factors participating in triggering the replication initiation may differ depending on growth conditions. Therefore, understanding the regulation of DNA duplication requires placing this process in the context of the current knowledge on bacterial metabolism, as well as cellular and chromosomal structure. Moreover, in both Escherichia coli and eukaryotic cells, replication initiator proteins were shown to play other roles in addition to driving the assembly of replication complexes, which constitutes another, yet not sufficiently understood, layer of coordinating DNA replication with the cell cycle.
Download or read book Regulation of the DnaA Promoter in Escherichia Coli written by Victoria Goehner Newman and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The timing of initiation of DNA replication from oriC in E. coli is regulated by the concentration of the DnaA protein. Increases in the intracellular DnaA protein concentration over 1.5 fold normal levels causes asynchronous timing of initiation of DNA replication. The regulators of the dnaA operon must keep the DnaA concentration within tight limits yet be able to respond to rapidly changing environmental conditions. Here it is shown that Fis and DnaA proteins interact, in conjunction with other factors, to regulate the expression of dnaA. Binding of DnaA to the DnaA box in the dnaA promoter region is destabilized by the binding of Fis to its binding site in dnaAp2. However, DnaA94, containing only the C-terminal 94 amino acids of the DnaA protein and retaining specific binding activity to the DnaA box of the dnaA promoter region, is not destabilized by Fis binding. DNase I and copper-phenanthroline (Cu-op) footprinting studies of DnaA and DnaA94 support the existence of a second weak DnaA box which abuts the DNase I and Cu-op footprints of Fis in the dnaAp2 promoter. We determined that the GC-rich region of the dnaAp2 promoter is analogous to the discriminator sequence (DS) of rRNA promoters, in that the GC-rich sequence mediates the repression caused by elevated levels of guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp). During starvation conditions, the alarmone ppGpp is synthesized. Overexpression of ppGpp causes inhibition of dnaAp2 promoter transcription, which is alleviated when the GC-rich DS is mutated to an AT-rich sequence. We conclude that this site is responsible for mediating the stringent control of the dnaAp2 promoter. Incorrect timing of initiation in the cell cycle results in asynchronous replication. Strains with a mutated DS, DnaA box, or Fis binding site in the dnaA promoter region on the chromosome have increased levels of dnaA gene expression. These mutants initiate DNA replication synchronously in minimal M9 medium as shown by flow cytometric assays. In rich medium, the DS, mutant showed very limited asynchrony, whereas the other mutants replicated synchronously.
Download or read book Growth Rate Regulation and Control of Initiation of DNA Replication in Escherichia Coli written by Anne Eliane Chiaramello and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The initiation of DNA synthesis at the chromosomal replication origin, oriC, in Escherichia coli involves an RNA polymerase-mediated step. The level of synthesis of transcripts moving counterclockwise toward oriC is controlled at two promoters, P1 (asnC) and P2 (mioC), and at two transcription terminator regions, T1 and T2. As shown by S1 mapping, termination at the T2 region occurs to the right of oriC at nucleotides 297-299 and 306-310, while major termination events in the T1 region occur in and near the mioC promoter. The majority of transcripts entering oriC originates from the mioC promoter. Transcription from the mioC promoter has been shown to enhance the frequency of initiation of DNA replication of oriC containing plasmids, and to stabilize these plasmids in the host cells. The mioC promoter, which is stringently controlled, is also growth rate regulated. The amount of mioC transcripts relative to the amount of total RNA was inversely correlated with growth rate. This transcript is characterized by a short half-life (1.5 min). The mioC promoter, which contains a DnaA protein binding site, was much less susceptible to repression by DnaA protein when located in the chromosome, than when located in a plasmid. Only a very high concentration of DnaA protein repressed the mioC promoter. The DnaA protein, which is required for initiation of DNA replication from oriC, is growth rate regulated. As shown by RNase protection, this regulation is exerted at the transcriptional level, affecting both promoters, dnaAp1 and dnaAp2. Transcription from these two promoters is also stringently controlled. The amount of DnaA protein in spoT mutants, which are deficient in ppGpp pyrophosphorylase activity, decreases as the severity in the mutation increases. Thus, the intracellular concentration of ppGpp influences the expression of the dnaA gene. In conclusion, the growth rate regulation and stringent control of the dnaA gene suggest that one way in which DNA replication is coordinated with the growth rate is via ppGpp synthesis at the ribosome.
Download or read book DNA Replication The Regulatory Mechanisms written by Patrick Hughes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA replication is a key event in the cell cycle. Although our knowledge is far from complete and many elusive regulatory mechanisms still remain beyondour grasp, many enzymes and a multiplicity of biochemical mechanisms involved have been discovered. Recent findings in E. coli have confirmed and yet surpassed the original hypothesis of F. Jacob. In yeast and higher eucaryotes, the apparent redundancy in putative origins and initiators has made an estimation of the importance of each identified element difficult to access. In spite of well established methodologies - which are also described in the book - the origin identification in mammalian chromosomes is still a controversial subject. On the other hand, considerable advances have been made in our understanding of virus DNA replication and this continues to deepen and broaden our understanding of the controls of cellular DNA replication.
Download or read book Novel DnaA Alleles of Escherichia Coli that are Hyperactive in Initiation of Chromosomal DNA Replication written by Alec Jude Murillo and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Life Sciences written by Robert D. Wells and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Life Sciences: An Encyclopedic Reference will focus on understanding biological phenomena at the level of molecules and their interactions that govern life processes. The work will include articles on genes and genomes, protein structure and function, systems biology using genomics and proteomics as the focus, molecular aspects of cell structure and function, unifying concepts and theories from biology, chemistry, mathematics and physics that are essential for understanding the molecular life sciences (including teaching perspectives and assessment tools), and basic aspects of the various experimental approaches that are used in the Molecular Life Sciences.
Download or read book The Influence of IHF and FIS on the Ordered Binding of DnaA Protein to OriC the E coli Chromosomal Origin written by Carla Eva Margulies and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studies on the Structure Function and Regulation of the DNA Replication Gene DnaA of Escherichia Coli K 12 written by Robert E. Braun and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book DNA Replication written by Hisao Masai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-22 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the latest trends and future directions of DNA replication research. The contents reflect upon the principles that have been established through the genetic and enzymatic studies of bacterial, viral, and cellular replication during the past decades. The book begins with a historical overview of the studies on eukaryotic DNA replication by Professor Thomas Kelly, a pioneer of the field. The following chapters include genome-wide studies of replication origins and initiation factor binding, as well as the timing of DNA replications, mechanisms of initiation, DNA chain elongation and termination of DNA replication, the structural basis of functions of protein complexes responsible for execution of DNA replication, cell cycle-dependent regulation of DNA replication, the nature of replication stress and cells’ strategy to deal with the stress, and finally how all these phenomena are interconnected to genome instability and development of various diseases. By reviewing the existing concepts ranging from the old principles to the newest ideas, the book gives readers an opportunity to learn how the classical replication principles are now being modified and new concepts are being generated to explain how genome DNA replication is achieved with such high adaptability and plasticity. With the development of new methods including cryoelectron microscopy analyses of huge protein complexes, single molecular analyses of initiation and elongation of DNA replication, and total reconstitution of eukaryotic DNA replication with purified factors, the field is enjoying one of its most exciting moments, and this highly timely book conveys that excitement to all interested readers.
Download or read book Structural and Functional Dissection of a DNA Replication Origin Enhancer written by X. L. Woo and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structural and Biochemical Studies of Bacterial DNA Replication Initiation written by Melissa Mott (Lynn) and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book DNA Replication Controls Volume 1 written by Eishi Noguchi and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "DNA Replication Controls" that was published in Genes
Download or read book The Role of the Bacterial Membrane in Chromosome Replication and Partition written by Barbara E. Funnell and published by Landes Bioscience. This book was released on 1996 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Introduction to Protein Structure written by Carl Ivar Branden and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2012-03-26 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The VitalBook e-book of Introduction to Protein Structure, Second Edition is inly available in the US and Canada at the present time. To purchase or rent please visit http://store.vitalsource.com/show/9780815323051Introduction to Protein Structure provides an account of the principles of protein structure, with examples of key proteins in their bio
Download or read book Plasmids written by Marcelo E. Tolmasky and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-07-24 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore the remarkable discoveries in the rapidly expanding field of plasmid biology Plasmids are integral to biological research as models for innumerable mechanisms of living cells, as tools for creating the most diverse therapies, and as crucial helpers for understanding the dissemination of microbial populations. Their role in virulence and antibiotic resistance, together with the generalization of "omics" disciplines, has recently ignited a new wave of interest in plasmids. This comprehensive book contains a series of expertly written chapters focused on plasmid biology, mechanistic details of plasmid function, and the increased utilization of plasmids in biotechnology and pharmacology that has occurred in the past decade. Plasmids: Biology and Impact in Biotechnology and Discovery serves as an invaluable reference for researchers in the wide range of fields and disciplines that utilize plasmids and can also be used as a textbook for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses in biotechnology and molecular biology.
