Download or read book Studies of the Cell Cycle Regulation of Checkpoint Activation and DNA Double Strand Break Repair in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Jacqueline Barlow and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulation of the Yeast Cell Cycle Checkpoint Kinase Tel1 at Double strand DNA Breaks and at Telomeres written by Sarem S. Hailemariam and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work discussed in this dissertation focuses on two distinct areas that are critical for genome maintenance. Both areas are focused on the regulation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae checkpoint kinase Tel1 by the MRX complex. Tel1 kinase initiates cell cycle checkpoint in response to double-strand DNA breaks. Tel1 also plays a major role in telomere maintenance. Tel1's function both in checkpoint signaling and telomere regulation is dependent on the Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 complex. In Chapter II, I describe a robust biochemical approach aimed at reconstituting the initial stages of double-strand DNA break response using purified proteins in order to address how the MRX complex and DNA orchestrate to activate Tel1 kinase. Our results demonstrate that double-stranded DNA and MRX activate Tel1 synergistically. This work revealed a DNA length dependent stimulation of Tel1, with long, nucleosome-free duplex DNA being the preferred effector for full Tel1 activation. Our work also highlights there is no requirement for double-stranded DNA ends for Tel1 activation by MRX in vitro. Our data show Rad50 is the most critical subunit as no stimulation of Tel1 is seen with the Mre11-Xrs2 pair and DNA, which is in agreement with reported genetic observations. This stimulatory effect of Rad50 is absolutely dependent on its ATP binding activity. This work provides a comprehensive model into how individual subunits of MRX collaborate with DNA to activate Tel1 kinase.The second portion of this thesis discusses work employing the biochemical assay described in Chapter II to investigate the regulation of Tel1 kinase and MRX at telomeres. Similar to several other checkpoint and DNA repair factors, Tel1 and MRX are involved in telomere regulation. Unique architectural organization and remodeling of telomeric DNA by telomere binding proteins prevents telomeres from inappropriate recognition and repair as intrachromosomal DNA breaks. In budding yeast, Rif2 is one of the main proteins involved in checkpoint response suppression at long telomeres. MRX has been shown to recruit Tel1 specifically to short telomeres, resulting in the recruitment of telomerase and the elongation of short telomeres. Conversely, based on genetic observations Rif2 has been suggested to attenuate elongation of long telomeres through the MRX-Tel1 pathway. Our studies show Rif2 directly inhibits MRX-dependent activation of Tel1 kinase. The inhibitory role of Rif2 is mediated through its conserved N-terminal domain. Our data demonstrate that Rif2 exerts its inhibition by modulating the ATPase activity of Rad50. Investigation of an allosteric Rad50 ATPase mutant that maps outside of the conserved ATP binding domain suggest Rif2 discharges the ATP-bound form of Rad50, which is a state conducive for Tel1 activation. Taken together these data point to a novel role of Rif2 in regulating Tel1 kinase through the Rad50 subunit of MR
Download or read book Cell Cycle Checkpoint Control Protocols written by Howard B. Lieberman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of cell cycle regulation is based on the observation that the life cycle of a cell progresses through several distinct phases, G1, M, S, and G2, occurring in a well-defined temporal order. Details of the mechanisms involved are rapidly emerging and appear extraordinarily complex. Furthermore, not only is the order of the phases important, but in normal eukaryotic cells one phase will not begin unless the prior phase is completed successfully. Che- point control mechanisms are essentially surveillance systems that monitor the events in each phase, and assure that the cell does not progress prematurely to the next phase. If conditions are such that the cell is not ready to progress—for example, because of incomplete DNA replication in S or DNA damage that may interfere with chromosome segregation in M—a transient delay in cell cycle progression will occur. Once the inducing event is properly handled— for example, DNA replication is no longer blocked or damaged DNA is repaired—cell cycle progression continues. Checkpoint controls have recently been the focus of intense study by investigators interested in mechanisms that regulate the cell cycle. Furthermore, the relationship between checkpoint c- trol and carcinogenesis has additionally enhanced interest in these cell cycle regulatory pathways. It is clear that cancer cells often lack these checkpoints and exhibit genomic instability as a result. Moreover, several tumor suppressor genes participate in checkpoint control, and alterations in these genes are as- ciated with genomic instability as well as the development of cancer.
Download or read book Molecular Genetics of Recombination written by Andrés Aguilera and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-24 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work offers a fascinating insight into a crucial genetic process. Recombination is, quite simply, one of the most important topics in contemporary biology. This book is a totally comprehensive treatment of the subject, summarizing all existing views on the topic and at the same time putting them into context. It provides in-depth and up-to-date analysis of the chapter topics, and has been written by international experts in the field.
Download or read book Regulation of Homologous Recombinational DNA Repair by DNA Damage and Replication Block Checkpoints in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Edwin Haghnazari and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulation of DNA Double strand Break Repair by the Recombination Execution Checkpoint in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Suvi Jain and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cell Cycle Regulation written by Philipp Kaldis and published by Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation. This book was released on 2006-06-26 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a state-of-the-art summary of the latest achievements in cell cycle control research with an outlook on the effect of these findings on cancer research. The chapters are written by internationally leading experts in the field. They provide an updated view on how the cell cycle is regulated in vivo, and about the involvement of cell cycle regulators in cancer.
Download or read book Methods in Yeast Genetics written by David C. Amberg and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Methods in Yeast Genetics" is a course that has been offered annually at Cold Spring Harbor for the last 30 years. This provides a set of teaching experiments along with the protocols and recipes for the standard techniques and reagents used in the study of yeast biology.
Download or read book Systems Biology of Cancer written by Sam Thiagalingam and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-09 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the current systems biology-based knowledge and the experimental approaches for deciphering the biological basis of cancer.
Download or read book Deciphering End Resection in Double Strand Break Repair in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Huan Chen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly cytotoxic DNA lesions that are usually repaired by two major mechanisms: non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). HR is initiated by 5'-3' resection, generating 3' single stranded DNA tails coated by Replication protein A (RPA), which can be used in later steps for homology search and repair. The 5'-3' resection step is a critical determinant of repair pathway choice that commits cells to HR instead of NHEJ, and it's also required for DNA damage checkpoint activation. Studies in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have shown that the conserved Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 (MRX) complex, together with Sae2, initiates end resection while more extensive processing of 5' strands requires the 5'-3' exonuclease Exo1, or the combined activities of the Sgs1 helicase and Dna2 endonuclease. In this thesis we will discuss the function of RPA and Sae2 based on our experimental observations. RPA is an essential eukaryotic single-stranded DNA binding protein with a central role in DNA metabolism.
Download or read book Mechanisms of DNA Repair written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-10-22 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by research experts, this volume of Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science focuses on current science surrounding the mechanisms of DNA repair. - Contributions from leading authorities - Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
Download or read book The Nucleolus written by Mark O. J. Olson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-15 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the past two decades, extraordinary new functions for the nucleolus have begun to appear, giving the field a new vitality and generating renewed excitement and interest. These new discoveries include both newly-discovered functions and aspects of its conventional role. The Nucleolus is divided into three parts: nucleolar structure and organization, the role of the nucleolus in ribosome biogenesis, and novel functions of the nucleolus.
Download or read book Termination of Replication Stress Signaling in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Carolyn Marie Jablonowski and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Role of Replication Proteins and the Cell Cycle Control in Double strand Break Repair in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Xuan Wang and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Drosophila Protocols written by William Sullivan and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exceptional laboratory manual describes thirty-seven procedures most likely to be used in the next decade for molecular, biochemical, and cellular studies on Drosophila. They were selected after extensive consultation with the research community and rigorously edited for clarity, uniformity, and conciseness.The methods included permit investigation of chromosomes, cell biology, molecular biology, genomes, biochemistry, and development. Each protocol includes the basic information needed by novices, with sufficient detail to be valuable to experienced investigators. Each method is carefully introduced and illustrated with figures, tables, illustrations, and examples of the data obtainable. The book's appendices include key aspects of Drosophila biology, essential solutions, buffers, and recipes.An evolution of Michael Ashburner's 1989 classic Drosophila: A Laboratory Manual, this book is an essential addition to the personal library of Drosophila investigators and an incomparable resource for other research groups with goals likely to require fly-based technical approaches.
Download or read book DNA Repair and Mutagenesis written by Errol C. Friedberg and published by American Society for Microbiology Press. This book was released on 2005-11-22 with total page 2587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential resource for all scientists researching cellular responses to DNA damage. • Introduces important new material reflective of the major changes and developments that have occurred in the field over the last decade. • Discussed the field within a strong historical framework, and all aspects of biological responses to DNA damage are detailed. • Provides information on covering sources and consequences of DNA damage; correcting altered bases in DNA: DNA repair; DNA damage tolerance and mutagenesis; regulatory responses to DNA damage in eukaryotes; and disease states associated with defective biological responses to DNA damage.
Download or read book DNA Recombination and Repair written by Paul James Smith and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1999 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The processes of DNA recombination and repair are vital to cell integrity - an error can lead to disease such as cancer. It is therefore a large and exciting area of research and is also taught on postgraduate and undergraduate courses. This book is not a comprehensive view of the field, but a selection of the issues currently at the forefront of knowledge.
