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Book The Atmosphere and Climate of Mars

Download or read book The Atmosphere and Climate of Mars written by Robert M. Haberle and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-29 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humanity has long been fascinated by the planet Mars. Was its climate ever conducive to life? What is the atmosphere like today and why did it change so dramatically over time? Eleven spacecraft have successfully flown to Mars since the Viking mission of the 1970s and early 1980s. These orbiters, landers and rovers have generated vast amounts of data that now span a Martian decade (roughly eighteen years). This new volume brings together the many new ideas about the atmosphere and climate system that have emerged, including the complex interplay of the volatile and dust cycles, the atmosphere-surface interactions that connect them over time, and the diversity of the planet's environment and its complex history. Including tutorials and explanations of complicated ideas, students, researchers and non-specialists alike are able to use this resource to gain a thorough and up-to-date understanding of this most Earth-like of planetary neighbours.

Book Basic Research on the Photochemistry of Atmospheric Oxygen

Download or read book Basic Research on the Photochemistry of Atmospheric Oxygen written by P. G. Farrell and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Chemical Reactions in the Lower and Upper Atmosphere

Download or read book Chemical Reactions in the Lower and Upper Atmosphere written by Stanford Research Institute and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Reactions of Excited Oxygen Atoms

Download or read book Reactions of Excited Oxygen Atoms written by Edward Weissberger and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Crossed Molecular Beam Studies of Atmospheric Chemical Reaction Dynamics

Download or read book Crossed Molecular Beam Studies of Atmospheric Chemical Reaction Dynamics written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dynamics of several elementary chemical reactions that are important in atmospheric chemistry are investigated. The reactive scattering of ground state chlorine or bromine atoms with ozone molecules and ground state chlorine atoms with nitrogen dioxide molecules is studied using a crossed molecular beams apparatus with a rotatable mass spectrometer detector. The Cl + O3 --> ClO + O2 reaction has been studied at four collision energies ranging from 6 kcal/mole to 32 kcal/mole. The derived product center-of-mass angular and translational energy distributions show that the reaction has a direct reaction mechanism and that there is a strong repulsion on the exit channel. The ClO product is sideways and forward scattered with respect to the Cl atom, and the translational energy release is large. The Cl atom is most likely to attack the terminal oxygen atom of the ozone molecule. The Br + O3 --> ClO + O2 reaction has been studied at five collision energies ranging from 5 kcal/mole to 26 kcal/mole. The derived product center-of-mass angular and translational energy distributions are quite similar to those in the Cl + O3 reaction. The Br + O3 reaction has a direct reaction mechanism similar to that of the Cl + O3 reaction. The electronic structure of the ozone molecule seems to play the central role in determining the reaction mechanism in atomic radical reactions with the ozone molecule. The Cl + NO2 --> ClO + NO reaction has been studied at three collision energies ranging from 10.6 kcal/mole to 22.4 kcal/mole. The center-of-mass angular distribution has some forward-backward symmetry, and the product translational energy release is quite large. The reaction proceeds through a short-lived complex whose lifetime is less than one rotational period. The experimental results seem to show that the Cl atom mainly attacks the oxygen atom instead of the nitrogen atom of the NO2 molecule.

Book Modeling of Atmospheric Chemistry

Download or read book Modeling of Atmospheric Chemistry written by Guy P. Brasseur and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical modeling of atmospheric composition is a formidable scientific and computational challenge. This comprehensive presentation of the modeling methods used in atmospheric chemistry focuses on both theory and practice, from the fundamental principles behind models, through to their applications in interpreting observations. An encyclopaedic coverage of methods used in atmospheric modeling, including their advantages and disadvantages, makes this a one-stop resource with a large scope. Particular emphasis is given to the mathematical formulation of chemical, radiative, and aerosol processes; advection and turbulent transport; emission and deposition processes; as well as major chapters on model evaluation and inverse modeling. The modeling of atmospheric chemistry is an intrinsically interdisciplinary endeavour, bringing together meteorology, radiative transfer, physical chemistry and biogeochemistry, making the book of value to a broad readership. Introductory chapters and a review of the relevant mathematics make this book instantly accessible to graduate students and researchers in the atmospheric sciences.

Book Chemical Events in the Atmosphere and their Impact on the Environment

Download or read book Chemical Events in the Atmosphere and their Impact on the Environment written by G.B. Marini-Bettòlo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1986-09-01 with total page 727 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the proceedings of a study week held to bring together the most varied experiences in the many disciplines which form the background of ecology. The purpose of the meeting was to examine the present state of knowledge and the need for research in order to gather the information necessary for action to protect the environment and biosphere. Many aspects of the anthropogenic effects on the atmosphere have been studied. However more research is needed to quantify the impact of the various chemicals on the changes occurring in the atmosphere. Acid rain formation mechanisms, although investigated, are not yet fully understood. It is thus necessary to program carefully our future, after further interdisciplinary research, in order to avoid irreversible damage to our environment.The guidelines of this action, as a result of the presentations and discussions, are reported in the conclusions. The main points stressed are: tropospheric chemistry, the problem of the conservation of the ozone layer, the growth of carbon dioxide and climate changes, atmospheric acidity, the effects of changes on water, soils and biota as well as the particular problems of the tropical world. The book will be ideal for postgraduates studying atmospheric chemistry and for environmental protection agencies.

Book Physics and Chemistry of the Upper Atmosphere

Download or read book Physics and Chemistry of the Upper Atmosphere written by M. H. Rees and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1989-08-25 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multitude of processes that operate in the upper atmosphere are revealed by detailed physical and mathematical descriptions of the interactions of particles and radiation, temperatures, spectroscopy and dynamics.

Book Some Gas Phase Studies on the Reactions and Deactivation of Excited Oxygen Atoms and Molecules Produced in the Flash Photolysis of Ozone

Download or read book Some Gas Phase Studies on the Reactions and Deactivation of Excited Oxygen Atoms and Molecules Produced in the Flash Photolysis of Ozone written by Samuel Anderson Sloan and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The Mechanisms of Reactions Influencing Atmospheric Ozone

Download or read book The Mechanisms of Reactions Influencing Atmospheric Ozone written by Jack G. Calvert and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-15 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ozone, an important trace component, is critical to life on Earth and to atmospheric chemistry. The presence of ozone profoundly impacts the physical structure of the atmosphere and meteorology. Ozone is also an important photolytic source for HO radicals, the driving force for most of the chemistry that occurs in the lower atmosphere, is essential to shielding biota, and is the only molecule in the atmosphere that provides protection from UV radiation in the 250-300 nm region. However, recent concerns regarding environmental issues have inspired a need for a greater understanding of ozone, and the effects that it has on the Earth's atmosphere. The Mechanisms of Reactions Influencing Atmospheric Ozone provides an overview of the chemical processes associated with the formation and loss of ozone in the atmosphere, meeting the need for a greater body of knowledge regarding atmospheric chemistry. Renowned atmospheric researcher Jack Calvert and his coauthors discuss the various chemical and physical properties of the earth's atmosphere, the ways in which ozone is formed and destroyed, and the mechanisms of various ozone chemical reactions in the different spheres of the atmosphere. The volume is rich with valuable knowledge and useful descriptions, and will appeal to environmental scientists and engineers alike. A thorough analysis of the processes related to tropospheric ozone, The Mechanisms of Reactions Influencing Atmospheric Ozone is an essential resource for those hoping to combat the continuing and future environmental problems, particularly issues that require a deeper understanding of atmospheric chemistry.

Book Chemical Kinetics of Some Elementary Reactions of Oxygen Atoms

Download or read book Chemical Kinetics of Some Elementary Reactions of Oxygen Atoms written by Richard B. Timmons and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research studies involved the investigation of the kinetics and mechanism of selected gas phase reactions of ground state oxygen atoms. All of the reactions studied are of either direct or indirect interest with respect to oxidative processes which occur in the atmosphere. Each reaction was studied over wide temperature ranges using fast flow apparatus coupled with electron spin resonance and/or mass spectrometric detection methods. In some cases, (with CH3CN and CF3CN) it was necessary to use the flash photolysis-resonance fluorescence method in order to avoid the problem of free radial chain reactions observed under typical flow tube conditions. The specific rate constants obtained are expressed in terms of the usual Arrhenius equation. The specific applications of these results to environmental chemistry are discussed in this report.

Book Principles of Atmospheric Science

Download or read book Principles of Atmospheric Science written by John E. Frederick and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2008 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a comprehensive introduction to atmospheric science, the author identifies the fundamental concepts and principles related to atmospheric science.

Book Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards

Download or read book Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: