Download or read book The HIV 1 Envelope Glycoproteins written by Rogier Willem Sanders and published by Amsterdam University Press. This book was released on 2003-12-01 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for a vaccine against HIV is obvious, but the development of an effective vaccine has met with frustrations. The HIV envelope glycoproteins, residing in the viral membrane, are the sole viral proteins exposed on the outside of virus particles and.
Download or read book Studies of HIV 1 Envelope Glycoprotein written by Carol D. Weiss and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structure in Protein Chemistry written by Jack Kyte and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2006-11-01 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Structure in Protein Chemistry showcases the latest developments and innovations in the field of protein structure analysis and prediction. The book begins by explaining how proteins are purified and describes methods for elucidating their sequences of amino acids and defining their posttranslational modifications. Comprehensive explanations of crystallography and of noncovalent forces-ionic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and the hydrophobic effect-act as a prelude to an exhaustive description of the atomic details of the structures of proteins. The resulting understanding of protein molecular structure forms the basis for discussions of the evolution of proteins, the symmetry of the oligomeric associations that produce them, and the chemical, mathematical, and physical basis of the techniques used to study their structures. The latter include image reconstruction, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, proton exchange, optical spectroscopy, electrophoresis, covalent cross-linking, chemical modification, immunochemistry, hydrodynamics, and the scattering of light, X-radiation, and neutrons. These procedures are applied to study the folding of polypeptides and the assembly of oligomers. Biological membranes and their proteins are also discussed. Structure in Protein Chemistry, Second Edition, bridges the gap between introductory biophysical chemistry courses and research literature. It serves as a comprehensive textbook for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in biochemistry, biophysics, and structural and molecular biology. Professionals engaged in chemical, biochemical, and molecular biological research will find it a useful reference.
Download or read book Lipid Domains written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-06-08 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Topics in Membranes is targeted toward scientists and researchers in biochemistry and molecular and cellular biology, providing the necessary membrane research to assist them in discovering the current state of a particular field and in learning where that field is heading. This volume offers an up to date presentation of current knowledge in the field of Lipid Domains. - Written by leading experts - Contains original material, both textual and illustrative, that should become a very relevant reference material - The material is presented in a very comprehensive manner - Both researchers in the field and general readers should find relevant and up-to-date information
Download or read book Encyclopedia of AIDS written by Thomas J. Hope and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Viral Fusion Mechanisms written by Joseph Bentz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-11-30 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viral Fusion Mechanisms presents the first comprehensive review on this exciting topic. The book focuses on molecular mechanisms rather than phenomonology and examines a wide range of viruses, including influenza, HIV, Sendai, SFV, Vaccinia, VSV, and RSV. Recent theoretical work on dissecting protein-mediated membrane fusion is discussed, and the most promising new technologies for elucidating mechanisms are highlighted. Viral Fusion Mechanisms is an essential reference for biophysicists, cell biologists, colloid chemists, immunologists, microbiologists, molecular biologists, and virologists.
Download or read book Stable and Homogeneous HIV 1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers as Vaccine Candidates and Targets of Inhibitors written by Daniel P. Leaman and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The target of neutralizing antibodies (Abs) and entry inhibitors against HIV-1 is the envelope glycoprotein (Env) spike, a trimer of non-covalently associated gp120-gp41 heterodimers which mediates entry into target cells. The elicitation of neutralizing Abs against Env has been complicated by its instability and heterogeneity. To dissect Env heterogeneity on HIV-1, we developed a virus capture assay to probe virion-associated Env. We discovered that irrelevant Env varies greatly by genotype and expression vector, that immature gp160 persists at the virion surface, and that exogenous gp41 can bind to virions. We also assessed the functional stability of Env after exposure to heat, denaturants and prolonged incubations. Heat stability of Env trimers varied between HIV-1 isolates within a constrained range and correlated with stability to other conditions. The above studies revealed a complex picture of the antigenic surface of HIV-1. We next engineered Env trimers that were more stable and homogeneous than is typical. In the first approach, directed evolution of HIV-1 was used to select for virions displaying hyperstable Env trimers, and the stable Env was also more homogeneously trimeric than wild-type. These Env trimers will make interesting immunogens that do not require artificial stabilization. Second, chemical crosslinkers were used to covalently lock Env in trimeric conformation(s), after which irrelevant Env was depleted and Env trimers were purified. Immunization involving crosslinked Env trimers on proteoliposomes revealed that although crosslinking diminished the overall immunogenicity of Env, the Abs that were elicited sporadically neutralized different strains of HIV-1. Finally, we determined mechanistic details of a novel HIV-1 entry inhibitor, PF-68742. This compound blocks Env-mediated fusion at a post-attachment step. Env mutagenesis studies point to a gp120-gp41 interface involving gp120 C5, the disulfide loop and fusion peptide (FP) of gp41 as its likely target. PF-68742 and the inhibitor VIRIP both strongly enhanced the infectivity of viruses containing escape mutations in the FP. We hypothesize that these two inhibitors control FP insertion into the membrane by different mechanisms. Our results have illuminated new structure-function relationships in HIV-1 Env, and have produced new leads for the design of vaccine candidates and entry inhibitors against HIV-1.
Download or read book AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book HIV Glycans in Infection and Immunity written by Ralph Pantophlet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-29 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glycosylation is a common and extremely important modification in biological molecules, particularly of proteins. HIV Glycans in Infection and Immunity provides an overview of the roles of glycans in the transmission/infection, antigenicity, and immunogenicity of HIV and the HIV envelope glycoprotein. It explores recent advances in the understanding of the impact of HIV glycans in infection and their promise for immunological and therapeutic intervention. Novel collaborations between glycobiologists and immunologists in recent years have led to key advances in the understanding of HIV glycans. These cross-disciplinary endeavors, their achievements and their impact on the field are all addressed, herein.
Download or read book Studies on Antibodies Specific for the HIV 1 Envelope Glycoproteins written by Karin Lundin and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Deletions in the V3 Loop on HIV 1 Envelope Glycoprotein Function and Expression of HIV 1 Envelope Glycoproteins written by Shiow-Her Chiou and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of the Structure and Function of the HIV 1 Envelope Glycoprotein written by Karl David Salzwedel and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book HIV 1 Latency written by Guido Silvestri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-11 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume summarizes recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of HIV-1 latency, in characterizing residual viral reservoirs, and in developing targeted interventions to reduce HIV-1 persistence during antiretroviral therapy. Specific chapters address the molecular mechanisms that govern and regulate HIV-1 transcription and latency; assays and technical approaches to quantify viral reservoirs in humans and animal models; the complex interchange between viral reservoirs and the host immune system; computational strategies to model viral reservoir dynamics; and the development of therapeutic approaches that target viral reservoir cells. With contributions from an interdisciplinary group of investigators that cover a broad spectrum of subjects, from molecular virology to proof-of-principle clinical trials, this book is a valuable resource for basic scientists, translational investigators, infectious-disease physicians, individuals living with HIV/AIDS and the general public.
Download or read book Human Herpesviruses written by Ann Arvin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 1325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.
Download or read book Endothelial Cell Culture written by Roy Bicknell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-09-28 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the Handbooks in Practical Animal Cell Biology is to provide practical workbooks for those involved in primary cell culture. Each volume addresses a different cell lineage, and contains an introductory section followed by individual chapters on the culture of specific differentiated cell types. The authors of each chapter are leading researchers in their fields and use their first-hand experience to present reliable techniques in a clear and thorough manner. Endothelial Cell Culture contains chapters on endothelial cells derived from 1) lung, 2) bone marrow, 3) brain, 4) mammary glands, 5) skin, 6) adipose tissue, 7) female reproductive system, and 8) synovium.
Download or read book Human Retroviruses written by Bryan Cullen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book to specifically cover the molecular biology of retroviruses - of immense importance since the high profile of HIV. International contributors provide detailed reviews of the latest knowledge. An excellent text for both medical and non-medical researchers, it also serves as an illuminating introduction for scientists active in other areas.
Download or read book X PLOR written by Axel T. Brünger and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-PLOR is a highly sophisticated computer program that provides an interface between theoretical foundations and experimental data in structural biology, with specific emphasis on X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in solution of large biological macro-molecules. This manual to X-PLOR Version 3.1 presents the theoretical background, syntax, and function of the program and also provides a comprehensive list of references and sample input files with comments. It is intended primarily for researchers and students in the fields of computational chemistry, structural biology, and computational molecular biology.
