Download or read book Studies of Atmospheric Water Vapour Using Satellite Data written by C. T. Mutlow and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atmospheric Water Vapor written by Adarsh Deepak and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-25 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric Water Vapor contains the technical proceedings of the International Workshop on Atmospheric Water Vapor held in Vail, Colorado, on September 11-13, 1979. The papers assess the state-of-the-art in measurement, modeling, and application of atmospheric water vapor properties and highlight important problems that require further effort in order to better understand the atmosphere itself as well as the electromagnetic propagation through the atmosphere. Comprised of 39 chapters, this book begins with a discussion on the optics and spectroscopy of water vapor. Some actual spectra showing the problems specific to the water molecule are described, along with the method used to calculate precise vibration-rotation energy levels and wave functions. Atmospheric infrared transmission measurements in maritime locations are also presented. Subsequent sections explore microwave and millimeter wave phenomena; geoastrophysical applications; and in situ measurements, remote sensing, and meteorology of water vapor. The final chapters deal with the microphysics and atmospheric chemistry of water vapor. This monograph will be of interest to scientists from universities, government agencies, research laboratories, and industry.
Download or read book Satellite Data for Atmosphere Continent and Ocean Research written by RASCHKE and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-09-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This set of conference papers covers such topics as: the need for water to maintain life; the atmospheric water vapour in all layers of the troposphere; the measurement of cloud water contents and the partitionof its liquid and solid phases; and land and ocean nutrients
Download or read book Production of a Long Term Global Water Vapor and Liquid Water Data Set Using Ultra Fast Methods to Assimilate Multi Satellite and Radiosonde Observations written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-10 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a well-documented requirement for a comprehensive and accurate global moisture data set to assist many important studies in atmospheric science. Currently, atmospheric water vapor measurements are made from a variety of sources including radiosondes, aircraft and surface observations, and in recent years, by various satellite instruments. Creating a global data set from a single measuring system produces results that are useful and accurate only in specific situations and/or areas. Therefore, an accurate global moisture data set has been derived from a combination of these measurement systems. Under a NASA peer-reviewed contract, STC-METSAT produced two 5-yr (1988-1992) global data sets. One is the total column (integrated) water vapor data set and the other, a global layered water vapor data set using a combination of radiosonde observations, Television and Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS) Operational Satellite (TOVS), and Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) data sets. STC-METSAT also produced a companion, global, integrated liquid water data set. The complete data set (all three products) has been named NVAP, an anachronym for NASA Water Vapor Project. STC-METSAT developed methods to process the data at a daily time scale and 1 x 1 deg spatial resolution. Vonderhaar, Thomas H. and Randel, David L. and Reinke, Donald L. and Stephens, Graeme L. and Ringerud, Mark A. and Combs, Cynthia L. and Greenwald, Thomas J. and Wittmeyer, Ian L. Unspecified Center NASW-4715...
Download or read book Estimation of Total Precipitable Water Vapour An Empirical Model Approach written by Makama Ezekiel Kaura & Lim Hwee San and published by Penerbit USM. This book was released on 2021-12-08 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book essentially covers: Temporal and spatial distribution of total precipitable water (TPW), derived from ATOVS measurements and radiosonde profiling across different geographical regions and climatic seasons in Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution of TPW at different altitudes (atmospheric layers) namely upper, lower and middle layers. Computation of empirical models correlating TPW at middle and higher atmospheric layers with that of the lower layer in order to establish possible interlayer correlation. Development of models to estimate/predict layered (lower, middle and upper) and TPW using precipitable water obtained from ATOVS satellite data and surface meteorological data (temperature, pressure and relative humidity). Development and comparison of artificial neural networks (ANN) models with the multiple linear regression (MLR) models. Contrasting precipitable water data from ATOVS with radiosonde observations, portrays the former as suitable for studies on TPW. The two sources of water vapour profiles agreed reasonably well, both seasonally and spatially across the different geographical regions and climatic seasons in Peninsular Malaysia. The developed MLR based models provide excellent predictive capabilities with seasonal and spatial dependency, especially during the northeast monsoon and northwards across Peninsular Malaysia.
Download or read book Weather Analysis and Forecasting written by Christo Georgiev and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-06-15 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Weather Analysis and Forecasting: Applying Satellite Water Vapor Imagery and Potential Vorticity Analysis, Second Edition, is a step-by-step essential training manual for forecasters in meteorological services worldwide, and a valuable text for graduate students in atmospheric physics and satellite meteorology. In this practical guide, P. Santurette, C.G. Georgiev, and K. Maynard show how to interpret water vapor patterns in terms of dynamical processes in the atmosphere and their relation to diagnostics available from numerical weather prediction models. In particular, they concentrate on the close relationship between satellite imagery and the potential vorticity fields in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. These applications are illustrated with color images based on real meteorological situations over mid-latitudes, subtropical and tropical areas. Presents interpretation of the water vapor channels 6.2 and 7.3μm as well as advances based on satellite data to improve understanding of atmospheric thermodynamics Improves by new schemes the understanding of upper-level dynamics, midlatitudes cyclogenesis and fronts over various geographical areas Provides analysis of deep convective phenomena to better understand the development of strong thunderstorms and to improve forecasting of severe convective events Includes efficient operational forecasting methods for interpretation of data from NWP models Offers information on satellite water vapor images and potential vorticity fields to analyse and forecast convective phenomena and thunderstorms
Download or read book Analysis of Global Water Vapour Trends Based on Satellite Data written by Sebastian Mieruch and published by Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG. This book was released on 2010-04 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water vapour is the most important greenhouse gas on Earth. Without atmospheric water vapour, the Earth's surface temperature would be about 20 K lower than today. Life, as we know it, would not be possible. In the context of global climate change, especially the temperature increase due to anthropogenic emissions of CO2 (carbon dioxide) and CH4 (methane), water vapour is of utmost importance because of the strong temperature water vapour feedback. The present book concerns mainly on three parts. First, water vapour trends based on monthly mean satellite data from 1996 to 2007 are estimated on a 0.5x0.5 degree global grid. Locally significant trends up to +-5 % are found. The second part investigates the comparison of the derived water vapour trends from satellite observations with globally distributed measurements from groundstations using a Bayesian model selection. Finally, part three presents a study of the interaction of water vapour and temperature by the application of a Markov chain analysis, which elucidates the potential of the development of a new climate classification scheme.
Download or read book Climate Investigation of Atmospheric Water Vapour by Satellite Images written by Simona Malmusi and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Water Vapour Above the Chilean Andes written by Richard Robert Querel and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The GEWEX Global Water Vapor Project GVaP U S Opportunities written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-09-19 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water vapor plays a vital role in shaping weather and climate on Earth. Hence, monitoring water vapor is critical if we are to explain and predict the behavior of the climate system. Unfortunately, measuring and analyzing water vapor on the time and space scales needed for this purpose have proven elusive. Therefore, it is appropriate and timely for the international climate research community, through the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX), to focus a project around water vapor. To this end, a GEWEX Global Water Vapor Project (GVaP) has been proposed, and draft Science and Implementation Plans have been developed. As requested by the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP), the National Research Council's (NRC) GEWEX Panel has reviewed these plans with an eye toward U.S. priorities.
Download or read book Atmospheric Rivers written by F. Martin Ralph and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-10 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the standard reference based on roughly 20 years of research on atmospheric rivers, emphasizing progress made on key research and applications questions and remaining knowledge gaps. The book presents the history of atmospheric-rivers research, the current state of scientific knowledge, tools, and policy-relevant (science-informed) problems that lend themselves to real-world application of the research—and how the topic fits into larger national and global contexts. This book is written by a global team of authors who have conducted and published the majority of critical research on atmospheric rivers over the past years. The book is intended to benefit practitioners in the fields of meteorology, hydrology and related disciplines, including students as well as senior researchers.
Download or read book Stratosphere Troposphere Interactions written by K. Mohanakumar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-03 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stratospheric processes play a signi?cant role in regulating the weather and c- mate of the Earth system. Solar radiation, which is the primary source of energy for the tropospheric weather systems, is absorbed by ozone when it passes through the stratosphere, thereby modulating the solar-forcing energy reaching into the t- posphere. The concentrations of the radiatively sensitive greenhouse gases present in the lower atmosphere, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone, control the radiation balance of the atmosphere by the two-way interaction between the stratosphere and troposphere. The stratosphere is the transition region which interacts with the weather s- tems in the lower atmosphere and the richly ionized upper atmosphere. Therefore, this part of the atmosphere provides a long list of challenging scienti?c problems of basic nature involving its thermal structure, energetics, composition, dynamics, chemistry, and modeling. The lower stratosphere is very much linked dynamically, radiatively,and chemically with the upper troposphere,even though the temperature characteristics of these regions are different. The stratosphere is a region of high stability, rich in ozone and poor in water - por and temperature increases with altitude. The lower stratospheric ozone absorbs the harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun and protects life on the Earth. On the other hand, the troposphere has high concentrations of water vapor, is low in ozone, and temperature decreases with altitude. The convective activity is more in the troposphere than in the stratosphere.
Download or read book EOS Data Products Handbook written by Michael D. King and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Description of the data products that will be produced from the named scientific missions.
Download or read book Global Navigation Satellite System Monitoring of the Atmosphere written by Guergana Guerova and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-14 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) monitoring of the atmosphere is an interdisciplinary topic: a collaboration between geodetic and atmospheric communities. As such, this topic requires sufficient basic knowledge about both GNSS and the atmosphere. Global Navigation Satellite System Monitoring of the Atmosphere begins by introducing GNSS, its components, and signals. It then explains the basics of the atmosphere, starting from the ionosphere to the troposphere. The GNSS tropospheric monitoring is separated for application in numerical weather prediction and nowcasting. Further chapters focus on the application of GNSS for monitoring the climate as well as soil moisture. Finally, the book concludes by discussing GNSS processing along with introducing the latest developments and applications for using atmospheric data to provide precise real-time GNSS products. Explains the basics of GNSS positioning and signals Includes the state of the art in GNSS observations of the atmosphere and hydrosphere Presents the basics of numerical weather prediction and analysis
Download or read book Comparison of Atmospheric Water Vapor in Observational and Model Data Sets written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global water vapor distribution for five observational based data sets and three GCM integrations are compared. The variables considered are the mean and standard deviation values of the precipitable water for the entire atmospheric column and the 500 to 300 hPa layer for January and July. The observationally based sets are the radiosonde data of Ross and Elliott, the ERA and NCEP reanalyses, and the NVAP blend of sonde and satellite data. The three GCM simulations all use the NCAR CCM3 as the atmospheric model. They include: a AMIP type simulation using observed SSTs for the period 1979 to 1993, the NCAR CSM 300 year coupled ocean--atmosphere integration, and a CSM integration with a 1% CO2 increase per year. The observational data exhibit some serious inconsistencies. There are geographical patterns of differences related to interannual variations and national instrument biases. It is clear that the proper characterization of water vapor is somewhat uncertain. Some conclusions about these data appear to be robust even given the discrepancies. The ERA data are too dry especially in the upper levels. The observational data evince much better agreement in the data rich Northern Hemisphere compared to the Southern. Distinct biases are quite pronounced over the Southern Ocean. The mean values and particularly the standard deviations of the three reanalyses are very dependent upon the GCM used as the assimilation vehicle for the analyses. This is made clear by the much enhanced tropical variability in the NCEP/DOE/ AMIP reanalyses compared the initial NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis. The NCAR CCM3 shows consistent evidence of a dry bias. The 1% CO2 experiment shows a very similar pattern of disagreement with the sonde data as the other integrations, once account is taken of the warming trend. No new modes of difference are evident in the 1% CO2 experiment. All the CCM3 runs indicated too much Tropical variability especially in the western Tropical Pacific and Southeast Asia. A EOF analysis of the interannual variations of the zonally averaged precipitable water and the 500 to 300 hPa layer reveals fundamental differences in the structure of the variations. The impact of ENSO and variations of the ITCZ have only a low level of correspondence between the observed data, much less the simulations. It is apparent that an adequate characterization of the climatology of the global water vapor distribution is not yet at hand.
Download or read book Atmospheric Water Vapour Detection Using Satellite GPS Profiling written by Jacob Grove-Rasmussen and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Urban Climates written by T. R. Oke and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban Climates is the first full synthesis of modern scientific and applied research on urban climates. The book begins with an outline of what constitutes an urban ecosystem. It develops a comprehensive terminology for the subject using scale and surface classification as key constructs. It explains the physical principles governing the creation of distinct urban climates, such as airflow around buildings, the heat island, precipitation modification and air pollution, and it then illustrates how this knowledge can be applied to moderate the undesirable consequences of urban development and help create more sustainable and resilient cities. With urban climate science now a fully-fledged field, this timely book fulfills the need to bring together the disparate parts of climate research on cities into a coherent framework. It is an ideal resource for students and researchers in fields such as climatology, urban hydrology, air quality, environmental engineering and urban design.
