Download or read book Manifolds And Local Structures A General Theory written by Marco Grandis and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2021-02-10 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Local structures, like differentiable manifolds, fibre bundles, vector bundles and foliations, can be obtained by gluing together a family of suitable 'elementary spaces', by means of partial homeomorphisms that fix the gluing conditions and form a sort of 'intrinsic atlas', instead of the more usual system of charts living in an external framework.An 'intrinsic manifold' is defined here as such an atlas, in a suitable category of elementary spaces: open euclidean spaces, or trivial bundles, or trivial vector bundles, and so on.This uniform approach allows us to move from one basis to another: for instance, the elementary tangent bundle of an open Euclidean space is automatically extended to the tangent bundle of any differentiable manifold. The same holds for tensor calculus.Technically, the goal of this book is to treat these structures as 'symmetric enriched categories' over a suitable basis, generally an ordered category of partial mappings.This approach to gluing structures is related to Ehresmann's one, based on inductive pseudogroups and inductive categories. A second source was the theory of enriched categories and Lawvere's unusual view of interesting mathematical structures as categories enriched over a suitable basis.

Download or read book Local Strength of Ship Structures written by Piero Caridis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-03-21 with total page 789 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ship structures can be extremely large, and their structural arrangements are often complex and of a considerable variety. Local Strength of Ship Structures examines the basic aspects of ship structural analysis and design using mathematical tools, with an emphasis on an understanding of the physics of the behaviour of these structures. A fundamental understanding of these concepts is essential to use computer‐based tools effectively. In addition to mathematical models, reference is made to test data that have been obtained over many years and used to gain insight into ship structural behaviour. Features: Provides an introduction to local ship strength problems, structural arrangements and the different types of materials used in ship construction Examines the fundamentals of engineering mechanics with a particular focus on marine structure problems Covers the basics of ship structural analysis and design using mathematical tools

Download or read book Local Structure from Diffraction written by S.J.L. Billinge and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-04 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series of books, which is published at the rate of about one per year, addresses fundamental problems in materials science. The contents cover a broad range of topics from small clusters of atoms to engineering materials and involve chemistry, physics, materials science and engineering, with length scales ranging from Ångstroms up to millimeters. The emphasis is on basic science rather than on applications. Each book focuses on a single area of current interest and brings together leading experts to give an up-to-date discussion of their work and the work of others. Each article contains enough references that the interested reader can access the relevant literature. Thanks are given to the Center for Fundamental Materials Research at Michigan State University for supporting this series. M.F. Thorpe, Series Editor E-mail: thorpe @ pa.msu.edu East Lansing, Michigan PREFACE One of the most challenging problems in the study of structure is to characterize the atomic short-range order in materials. Long-range order can be determined with a high degree of accuracy by analyzing Bragg peak positions and intensities in data from single crystals or powders. However, information about short-range order is contained in the diffuse scattering intensity. This is difficult to analyze because it is low in absolute intensity (though the integrated intensity may be significant) and widely spread in reciprocal space.

Download or read book The Structure of Local Governments Throughout the World written by Samuel Humes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. The purpose The purpose of this study is to gain an insight into and make an introductory comparison of the structure of local government in many countries throughout the world. More specifically the aim is to define and describe in a comparative fashion the various organs of local government and their relationships. The need for, as well as the obstacles encountered in, such a survey are perhaps equally obvious. It is said that he who under stands only his own language knows none. It may just as easily be contended that he who understands only his own govern mental institutions knows none. Governmental comparisons are useful not only to find out how others are governed but also to more fully comprehend the role which one's own governmental institutions play. 1 From a pragmatic point of view there is a still further value in making comparisons of local governments. Local government institutions are constantly undergoing changes. The changes are both formal and informal; they may be evolutionary and revolu tionary. A comparative study of local government can help many countries to take advantage of the experiments and experiences of others. From the beginning of recorded history there are indications of man borrowing heavily from the institutions of his neighbour in organizing his own institutions. In local govern ment there are several examples of countries which have set up their local government systems by wholesale copying the model of another.

Download or read book Structure and Operation of Local and Regional Democracy written by Council of Europe. Steering Committee on Local and Regional Authorities and published by Council of Europe. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Local global Approach to Nonlinear Simulation of Compliant Marine Structures written by Robert Felice Zueck and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents reliable techniques for modeling extremely compliant structures. The research focuses on severe geometric nonlinearities associated with very large displacements and rotations. The solution requires two major modeling improvements: formulation of well-conditioned finite elements and development of specific control strategies for nonlinear step-by-step solution. Inherent in the physics of the structure, natural events condition the new finite elements. Associated event control directs the numerical solution to adhere closely to the true nonlinear structural response path. The numerical strategies are a simple extension of the trapezoidal rule for time integration and Newton iteration for nonlinear step-by-step solution. The result is extremely fast, efficient, and stable nonlinear structural simulation. A high level of computational robustness is essential for development of fully nonlinear substructured models. A local/global approach allows each substructure to have its own specialized local submodel and its own associated local solution strategy. A global model then integrates all the super-element representations of each diverse submodel. The local/global framework allows the nonlinear solution strategies to efficiently concentrate computational power where and when needed among the submodels. Code development and test problems focus primarily on compliant marine structures, where the need for robust, highly nonlinear simulation is so great.

Download or read book On the Local Structure of Morita and Rickard Equivalences between Brauer Blocks written by Lluis Puig and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brauer had already introduced the defect of a block and opened the way towards a classification by solving all the problems in defects zero and one, and by providing some evidence for the finiteness of the set of blocks with a given defect. In 1959 he discovered the defect group, and in 1964 Dade determined the blocks with cyclic defect groups. In 1978 Alperin and Broué discovered the Brauer category, and Broué and the author determined the blocks having a nilpotent Brauer category. In 1979, the author discovered the source algebra which determines all the other current invariants, representing faithfully the block – and found its structure in the nilpotent blocks. Recently, the discovery by Rickard that all blocks with the same cyclic defect group and the same Brauer category have the same homotopic category focussed great interest on the new, loose relationship between blocks called Rickard equivalence. This book describes the source algebra of a block from the source algebra of a Rickard equivalent block and the source of the Rickard equivalence.

Download or read book Local Farm Structure and Community Ties written by Thomas A. Carlin and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Local Structure Tensor for Multidimensional Signal Processing written by Raúl San José Estépar and published by Presses univ. de Louvain. This book was released on 2007 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Feature extraction and, particularly, orientation estimation of multidimensional images is of paramount importance for the Image Processing and Computer Vision communities. This dissertation focuses on this topic; specifically, we deal with the problem of local structure tensor (LST) estimation, as a mean of characterizing the local behavior of a multidimensional signal. The LST can be seen as a measure of the uncertainty of a multidimensional signal with respect to a given orientation. LST estimation can be achieved by estimating the local energy of a signal in different orientations. Then, the LST is computed as a linear combination of the local energy for each orientation with a tensor basis whose elements are calculated for each orientation. This kind of methods for the estimation of the LST are based on quadrature filters to obtain the local energy of the signal. While the LST based on quadrature filters is well defined for signals that vary locally only in one orientation (simple signals), the estimation method fails with complex signals, i.e. signals that consist of several differently-oriented simple signals. In this dissertation, an analytical study of the distortions of the tensor eigenvalues due to such complex neighborhoods is carried out. From this analytical study, two constructive methods are proposed for the estimation of the LST. The first method is based on a maximum likelihood estimation of the quadrature filter outputs. The second method uses a measure of phase consistency based on generalized quadrature filters which are formally derived from an extension of the analytic signal to multidimensional signals known as the monogenic signal. The interpretation of a multidimensional image as a function graph, i.e. a Riemannian manifold, instead of just intensity variations on the Euclidean space, has important implications that are exploited in this dissertation. Image processing tasks can then be performed by solving partial differential equations on the Riemannian manifold. In this dissertation, Riemannian geometry is used to study the evolution of fronts under mean curvature flow on a Riemannian manifold using a level set framework. For our purposes, the Riemannian manifold is defined by the induced metric of the image that is related to the LST. The Riemannian mean curvature flow is the theoretical basis for the definition of a level set segmentation method. The methods proposed in this dissertation are applied to two medical image applications. The first consists in a freehand 3D ultrasound reconstruction technique that uses the LST to perform an adaptive interpolation based on normalized convolution. Our results show that our method outperforms traditional technique for this interpolation problem. The second application uses the level set method based on Riemannian mean curvature flow to segment anatomical structures in dataset from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US). This novel method reveals as a feasible approach to medical image segmentation.

Download or read book Structure and operation of local and regional democracy in Austria written by Council of Europe / Steering Com and published by Council of Europe. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Structure and Operation of Local and Regional Democracy written by Council of Europe and published by Council of Europe. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Structure and Operation of Local and Regional Democracy written by Council of Europe. Steering Committee on Local and Regional Democracy and published by Council of Europe. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prepared under the authority of the Steering Committee on Local and Regional Democracy (CDLR), it examines local and regional aspects of self-government. For Poland the principles of local democracy are enshrined in the Constitution, which guarantees a decentralised government, the effective status of regional municipalities, and the rights of local councils, and citizens to elect them without hindrance. The provision, structure and status of the various bodies which enact local democracy are set out. The reform of public administration has established two tiers of local government, powiats and voivodeships, which has effectively decentralized a large number of central government powers. Poland though is still a unitary state, and further developments will be needed to allow local democracy to flourish.

Download or read book Structure and Operation of Local and Regional Democracy written by and published by Council of Europe. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Localization And Solitary Waves In Solid Mechanics written by Alan R Champneys and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1999-11-30 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of recent reprints and new material on fundamentally nonlinear problems in structural systems which demonstrate localized responses to continuous inputs. It has two intended audiences. For mathematicians and physicists it should provide useful new insights into a classical yet rapidly developing area of application of the rich subject of dynamical systems theory. For workers in structural and solid mechanics it introduces a new methodology for dealing with structural localization and the related topic of the generation of solitary waves. Applications range from classical problems such as the buckling of cylindrical shells, twisted rods and pipelines, to the folding of geological strata, the failure of sandwich structures and the propagation of solitary waves in suspended beam systems.

Download or read book Test Signal Generation for Service Diagnosis Based on Local Structure Graphs written by Michael Ungermann and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2015-05-06 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work considers the problem of identifying the fault in a faulty dynamical system on the basis of the system's input and output signals only. For this purpose, a model-based method for the design of diagnostic tests which consist of specific input signals and appropriate residual generators is developed. The method extends the structure graph of dynamical systems in order to represent the couplings in a system which has been brought to a specific operating region. The resulting local structure graph is used to determine specific residual generators which can distinguish between faults on the basis of the system's input and output signals in the corresponding operating region. Algorithms to determine advantageous operating regions and input signals which drive the system into such operating regions are given. The application of the method to determine diagnostic tests is demonstrated using a typical automotive system, a throttle valve.

Download or read book The Local Structure Theorem for Finite Groups With a Large p Subgroup written by U. Meierfrankenfeld and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2016-06-21 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Let p be a prime, G a finite Kp-group S a Sylow p-subgroup of G and Q a large subgroup of G in S (i.e., CG(Q)≤Q and NG(U)≤NG(Q) for 1≠U≤CG(Q)). Let L be any subgroup of G with S≤L, Op(L)≠1 and Q⋬L. In this paper the authors determine the action of L on the largest elementary abelian normal p-reduced p-subgroup YL of L.

Download or read book State Laws Governing Local Government Structure and Administration written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: