Download or read book Structure and Function of the C terminal Region of a Fusion Receptor for Herpes Simplex Virus written by Santiago López and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Human Herpesviruses written by Ann Arvin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 1325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.
Download or read book Structure function Studies of Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein GH gL Complex written by Tao Peng and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Structural and Functional Analysis of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Glycoprotein L an Essential Component of the Viral Fusogenic Complex written by Michael J. Novotny and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Low PH triggered Conformational Changes in the Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein B written by Stephen Dollery and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herpesviruses can enter host cells by pH-dependent endocytic pathways in a cell-specific manner. The role of pH in herpesvirus endocytosis is unclear. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a paradigm for virus membrane fusion via a complex of glycoproteins. HSV glycoproteins B, D and the heterodimer H-L are necessary and sufficient for membrane fusion. This work analyzes the structure and function of HSV glycoproteins B, D, and H-L at neutral pH, and at the physiological low-pH encountered during endocytic entry. It is demonstrated that mildly acidic low pH triggers specific conformational changes in HSV gB at a pH of 5.7 to 6.0. The antigenic structure of gB functional region I that is critical for fusion is specifically altered by mildly acidic pH both in vitro and during entry into host cells. Point mutations within gB functional region 1 that block membrane fusion still allow conformational changes in region 1. This suggests that specific hydrophobic residues are essential for fusion domain insertion into the host cell membrane but not conformational change. The detected conformational changes were reversible, similar to other class III fusion glycoproteins. Exposure to mildly acidic pH directly triggered the fusion function of HSV glycoproteins and caused gB, but not other glycoproteins, to become more hydrophobic. The oligomeric conformation of gB is altered at a similar pH range. In addition, several approaches were used to monitor gB throughout glycoprotein synthesis and maturation. It is shown that gB may cotranslationally fold and oligomerize as it is synthesized on the ribosome. As gB matures it then alters conformation and/or binding partner to form antigenically distinct populations of gB within the cell and virion. I conclude that intracellular low pH induces changes in gB conformation that, together with additional triggers such as receptor-binding, are essential for virion-cell fusion during herpesviral entry by endocytosis.
Download or read book Identification of Regions in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Glycoprotein D Critical for Receptor Binding and Membrane Fusion written by Cheryl Rosemarie Jogger and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability of HSV to induce membrane fusion is critical to its infection process. First, in order to gain entry into a cell, HSV must fuse its virion envelope with the cell plasma membrane. Second, as an effective means of promoting viral spread, HSV can induce fusion of infected cells with neighboring uninfected cells. Both fusion events are dependent on the binding of gD to an entry receptor, such as HVEM or nectin-1, and on the combined activities of viral gB, gD, gH and gL. The overall goal of this study was to define regions of HSV-1 gD critical for physical and functional interactions with each of the known HSV entry receptors, including nectin-2 and 3-O-S heparan sulfate. Extensive mutational analysis was performed to identify mutations in gD that alter its receptor usage.
Download or read book Structural Characterization of Flagellin from E Coli Nissle Glycoprotein C from Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and a Nanobody peptide Tag System written by Michael B. Braun and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thesis presented here deals with four independent projects, which are briefly summarized in the following paragraphs. Flagella enable bacteria to freely swim in solution granting them the motility to reach resourceful areas or to avoid an unfavorable environment. Therefore, the ability to produce a flagellum, is a major fitness factor for bacteria. Pathogens might rely on flagella to reach host surfaces and penetrating them. From a host point of view, flagella or their major protein FliC render an opportunity to detect bacteria and regulate a response appropriate to the bacterial threat. The regulation of the response can be dysfunctional, which can lead to inflammatory bowel disease. E. coli Nissle, a commensal showed positive effects in inflammatory bowel disease mouse models which partially depend on the major flagella protein FliC. We crystallized and solved the structure of the E. coli Nissle FliC. By comparison to known FliCs, we were able to identify two new structural features. First, the hypervariable region consists of three distinct domains and second, the hypervariable region is connected via a long linker to the constant region. Modeling the flagellum filament showed that the hypervariable regions might interact with each other forming an outer structure, which is connected via the linkers to the conserved flagellum core structure. Modeling the interaction with the immune receptor TLR5 that recognizes the conserved domain 1 of FliC showed that the domain should be well accessible and not sterically hindered by the three hypervariable domains. The dimerization of TLR5 with bound FliC to the active complex should also not be hindered by the hypervariable region. Glycoprotein C (gC) is an attachment factor of Herpes simplex virus 1 that binds to heparan sulfate (HS) which is exposed on the cell surface of the host. This non-essential viral attachment protein allows lateral virus diffusion along cell surface and supports attachment of other viral proteins to their receptors on the cell surface, which ultimately results in membrane fusion or endocytotic uptake of the virus. The structure of gC was solved by experimental phasing and shows that gC consists of three distinct domains and presumably forms a dimer. We identify the putative heparan sulfate binding area ranging from the middle to the N-terminal domain. Another function of gC, the protection from the complement system, needs further investigation. Here, the structure might help to design experiments to investigate how gC binds C3b and prevents further interaction of C3b with the complement system. The gC structure from HSV-1, solved in this work, can serve as model for the closely related HSV-2 gC (Identity 73%) and migth help to explain differences in HS binding and C3b affinity. We invented a nanobody (Nb)-based peptide tag system, which can be used for protein purification or to label proteins for super resolution microscopy. The nanobody binds a twelve amino acid long peptide with a low nanomolar affinity. We solved the structure Nb-peptide complex to explain the observed specificity for different amino acid sequences. We identified an essential tryptophan residue in the peptide sequence located in a deep hydrophobic pocket of the Nb, at another position basic residues are preferred. Some sidechains point towards the Nb and have to be rather small while other pointing away from the Nb with no preference for certain residues. The peptide is bound between the framework region and complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) of the Nb, mainly by backbone-backbone interactions. In a side project, we contributed to the development of an adenovirus based vector system. The vector is based on the rare adenovirus serotype 43 with a low antibody prevalence in humans. The adenovirus was modified with affibodies changing the primary receptor to the ocotarget “epidermal growth factor receptor type 2” (Her2).
Download or read book Cell Biology of Herpes Viruses written by Klaus Osterrieder and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-20 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herpes viruses are widely distributed in nature, causing disease in organisms as diverse as bivalves and primates, including humans. Each virus appears to have established a long-standing relationship with its host, and the viruses have the ability to manipulate and control the metabolism of host cells, as well as innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses. Herpes viruses maintain themselves within hosts in a latent state resulting in virus persistence for years – usually for the life span of the hosts. Herpes viruses comprise a large number of pathogens with diverse cellular targets and biological consequences of infection. What they have in common is their structure and the fact that they establish a dormant (latent) infection in their hosts that usually persists for life. The reviews here will highlight the general principles of herpes virus infection, with equal attention to overall principle and important difference. Also, the cell type- and life-style dependent differences in the establishment and maintenance of virus persistence will be covered.
Download or read book Structure and Physics of Viruses written by Mauricio G. Mateu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-04 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contemplates the structure, dynamics and physics of virus particles: From the moment they come into existence by self-assembly from viral components produced in the infected cell, through their extracellular stage, until they recognise and infect a new host cell and cease to exist by losing their physical integrity to start a new infectious cycle. (Bio)physical techniques used to study the structure of virus particles and components, and some applications of structure-based studies of viruses are also contemplated. This book is aimed first at M.Sc. students, Ph.D. students and postdoctoral researchers with a university degree in biology, chemistry, physics or related scientific disciplines who share an interest or are actually working on viruses. We have aimed also at providing an updated account of many important concepts, techniques, studies and applications in structural and physical virology for established scientists working on viruses, irrespective of their physical, chemical or biological background and their field of expertise. We have not attempted to provide a collection of for-experts-only reviews focused mainly on the latest research in specific topics; we have not generally assumed that the reader knows all of the jargon and all but the most recent and advanced results in each topic dealt with in this book. In short, we have attempted to write a book basic enough to be useful to M.Sc and Ph.D. students, as well as advanced and current enough to be useful to senior scientists with an interest in Structural and/or Physical Virology.
Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Herpesvirus Entry Receptors and Host Susceptibility to Herpes Simplex Virus Infection written by Frank Struyf and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2004-09 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Heparanase written by Israel Vlodavsky and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-09 with total page 871 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by internationally recognized leaders in Heparanase biology, the book’s eight chapters offer an opportunity for scientists, clinicians and advanced students in cell biology, tumor biology and oncology to obtain a comprehensive understanding of Heparanase’s multifaceted activities in cancer, inflammation, diabetes and other diseases, as well as its related clinical applications. Proteases and their involvement in cancer progression have been well addressed and documented; however, the emerging premise presented within this book is that Heparanase is a master regulator of aggressive cancer phenotypes and crosstalk with the tumor microenvironment. This endoglycosidase contributes to tumor-mediated remodeling of the extracellular matrix and cell surfaces, augmenting the bioavailability of pro-tumorigenic and pro-inflammatory growth factors and cytokines that are bound to Heparan sulfate. Compelling evidence ties Heparanase with all steps of tumor progression including tumor initiation, growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance, supporting the notion that Heparanase is an important contributor to the poor outcome of cancer patients and a validated target for therapy. Unlike Heparanase, heparanase-2, a close homolog of Heparanase, lacks enzymatic activity, inhibits Heparanase, and regulates selected genes that promote normal differentiation and tumor suppression. Written by internationally recognized leaders in Heparanase biology, this volume presents a comprehensive understanding of Heparanase’s multifaceted activities in cancer, inflammation, diabetes and other diseases, as well as its related clinical applications to scientists, clinicians and advanced students in cell biology, tumor biology and oncology.
Download or read book The Epstein Barr Virus written by M. A. Epstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Epstein-Barr virus was discovered 15 years ago. Since that time an immense body of information has been accumu lated on this agent which has come to assume great signifi cance in many different fields of biological science. Thus, the virus has very special relevance in human medicine and oncology, in tumor virology, in immunology, and in mole cular virology, since it is the cause of infectious mononu cleosis and also the first human cancer virus, etiologically related to endemic Burkitt's lymphoma and probably to nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In addition, continuous human lymphoid cell lines initiated and maintained by the transform ing function of the virus genome provide a laboratory tool with wide and ever-growing applications. Innumerable papers on the Epstein-Barr virus have ap peared over recent years and reports of work with this agent now constitute a veritable flood. The present book provides the first and only comprehensive, authoritative over-view of all aspects of the virus by authors who have been the original and major contributors in their particular disciplines. A complete and up-to-date survey of this unique and important agent is thus provided which should be of great interest to experts, teachers, and students engaged in cancer research, virology, immunology, molecular biology, epide miology, and cell culture. Where topics have been dealt with from more than one of these viewpoints, some inevitable overlap and duplication has resulted; although this has been kept to a minimum, it has been retained in some places because of positive usefulness.
Download or read book Structure Function Relationships of Human Pathogenic Viruses written by Andreas Holzenburg and published by Taylor & Francis US. This book was released on 2002-04-30 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structure-Function Relationships of Human Pathogenic Viruses provides information on the mechanisms by which viruses enter the cell, replicate, package their DNA into capsids and mature into new virions. The relation between structural features and the pathogenicity and oncogenicity of some of the most relevant human viral pathogens are demonstrated and the acquisition of defense mechanisms through virus-host interactions are presented. In contrast to textbooks, this volume combines timely research data to provide a holistic view of viral pathogenesis. Furthermore Structure-Function Relationships of Human Pathogenic Viruses illustrates in a single volume the fundamental processes involved in viral life cycles using up-to-date information from research laboratories around the world. Knowledge of these processes is crucial to develop rationales for the design of future drugs. The timeliness of the data and the comprehensive yet concise approach this book takes in order to present the world of viral pathogens should make it a frontrunner in higher education and R&D.
Download or read book Journal of Virology written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 1434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scanning Electron Microscopy for the Life Sciences written by Heide Schatten and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to modern scanning electron microscopy instrumentation, methodology and techniques, highlighting novel applications to cell and molecular biology.
Download or read book Peptide Lipid Interactions written by Sidney A. Simon and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2002-11-13 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains a comprehensive overview of peptide-lipid interactions by leading researchers. The first part covers theoretical concepts, experimental considerations, and thermodynamics. The second part presents new results obtained through site-directed EPR, electron microscopy, NMR, isothermal calorimetry, and fluorescence quenching. The final part covers problems of biological interest, including signal transduction, membrane transport, fusion, and adhesion. Key Features * world-renowned experts * state-of-the-art experimental methods * monolayers, bilayers, biological membranes * theoretical aspects and computer simulations * rafts * synaptic transmission * membrane fusion * signal transduction
Download or read book Human Herpesviruses written by Yasushi Kawaguchi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces and reviews several topics for each human herpesvirus. One of the most important features of the book is that it covers aspects of both basic research and clinical medicine. Herpesviridae, a family of double-strand DNA viruses, has unique biological features by which these viruses establish latency after primary infection and reactivate in later life. Nine human herpesviruses are known so far, and each of them causes a variety of diseases in both primary infection and reactivation. Since the discovery of each human herpesvirus, an abundance of findings related to them has accumulated in basic research and clinical medicine. However, the vast majority of biological features is still masked in mystery. Furthermore, a strategy of treatment and prevention has not yet been established for most human herpesviruses. A wide range of readers will be interested in this volume with its treatment of problematic points and latest findings in the field.
