Download or read book Ribosomes Structure Function and Dynamics written by Marina V. Rodnina and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-10 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ribosome is a macromolecular machine that synthesizes proteins with a high degree of speed and accuracy. Our present understanding of its structure, function and dynamics is the result of six decades of research. This book collects over 40 articles based on the talks presented at the 2010 Ribosome Meeting, held in Orvieto, Italy, covering all facets of the structure and function of the ribosome. New high-resolution crystal structures of functional ribosome complexes and cryo-EM structures of translating ribosomes are presented, while partial reactions of translation are examined in structural and mechanistic detail, featuring translocation as a most dynamic process. Mechanisms of initiation, both in bacterial and eukaryotic systems, translation termination, and novel details of the functions of the respective factors are described. Structure and interactions of the nascent peptide within, and emerging from, the ribosomal peptide exit tunnel are addressed in several articles. Structural and single-molecule studies reveal a picture of the ribosome exhibiting the energy landscape of a processive Brownian machine. The collection provides up-to-date reviews which will serve as a source of essential information for years to come.

Download or read book The Eukaryotic Ribosome written by H. Bielka and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-11-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents References 11 II. A short historical survey 13 References 16 III. Ribosomes within the cell 20 1. Proportion of ribosomes in tissues 21 2. Free and membrane-bound ribo- mes 22 3. Ribosomes in nucleoli 26 4. Structure of polysomes in the cell 26 5. Ribosomal crystals 33 6. References 33 IV. Some general properties of ribosomes 41 1. Physical characteristics 41 2. Chemical characteristics 43 3. References 44 V. Morphology of ribosomes and poly­ somes 47 1. Electron microscopy 47 a) The small ribosomal subunit 48 b) The large ribosomal subunit 48 c) The monomeric ribosome 52 d) Three-dimensional models 54 e) Polysomes 55 2. Small-angle X-ray scattering 55 a) The monomeric ribosome 56 b) Polysomes 57 3. References 57 VI. Chemical components 61 1. Ribosomal proteins 61 a) Electrophoretic separation and num­ ber 61 b) Preparation of single ribosomal pro­ teins 67 c) Molecular weights 68 d) Amino acid composition and amino acid sequences 71 e) Stoichiometry 71 f) Posttranslational modifications 72 g) Comparison of ribosomal proteins of different tissues 73 h) Species specificities and evolution 74 i) Ribosomal proteins of mitochondria and chloroplasts 75 k) Ribosomal mutants with altered pro­ teins 75 5 3. Formation of preribosomal 2. Phosphorylation of ribosomal prote­ particles 139 ins 76 4. References 141 a) In vitro phosphorylation and de­ phosphorylation 76 VIII. Dissociation - reassociation processes b) In vivo phosphorylation 77 of ribosomal particles 151 c) Phosphorylation of ribosomal pro­ tein S 6 78 1.

Download or read book Structure Function and Genetics of Ribosomes written by Boyd Hardesty and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past few decades we have witnessed an era of remarkable growth in the field of molecular biology. In 1950 very little was known of the chemical constitution of biological systems, the manner in which information was transmitted from one organism to another, or the extent to which the chemical basis of life is unified. The picture today is dramati cally different. We have an almost bewildering variety of information de tailing many different aspects of life at the molecular level. These great advances have brought with them some breath-taking insights into the molecular mechanisms used by nature for replicating, distributing, and modifying biological information. We have learned a great deal about the chemical and physical nature of the macromolecular nucleic acids and proteins, and the manner in which carbohydrates, lipids, and smaller mole cules work together to provide the molecular setting of living systems. It might be said that these few decades have replaced a near vacuum of information with a very large surplus. It is in the context of this flood of information that this series of mono graphs on molecular biology has been organized. The idea is to bring together in one place, between the covers of one book, a concise assessment of the state of the subject in a well-defined field.

Download or read book Structural Aspects Of Protein Synthesis 2nd Edition written by Anders Liljas and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013-06-06 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly illustrated book provides an up-to-date description of the structure and function of the translation system including ribosomes, tRNAs, translation factors, antibiotics and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.Research on translation is undergoing rapid changes and is receiving significant attention as evidenced by the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009. The structural research by crystallography and cryo-EM forms part of an interactive framework that involves biochemistry and molecular computation. The book provides a comprehensive overview of translation in light of the structural results. It is a valuable resource for scientists in this and related fields, as well as for students taking courses with a focus on translation.There is no other book in this field currently except the previous edition of this book. The authors have for a long time worked in the field of structure and function of the translation system.

Download or read book Concepts of Biology written by Samantha Fowler and published by . This book was released on 2023-05-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black & white print. Concepts of Biology is designed for the typical introductory biology course for nonmajors, covering standard scope and sequence requirements. The text includes interesting applications and conveys the major themes of biology, with content that is meaningful and easy to understand. The book is designed to demonstrate biology concepts and to promote scientific literacy.

Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Eukaryotic Ribosome written by Heinz Bielka and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 1982-12-31 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No detailed description available for "The Eukaryotic Ribosome".

Download or read book Protein Synthesis and Ribosome Structure written by Knud H. Nierhaus and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-10-15 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knud Nierhaus, who has studied the ribosome for more than 30 years, has assembled here the combined efforts of several scientific disciplines into a uniform picture of the largest enzyme complex found in living cells, finally resolving many decades-old questions in molecular biology. In so doing he considers virtually all aspects of ribosome structure and function -- from the molecular mechanism of different ribosomal ribozyme activities to their selective inhibition by antibiotics, from assembly of the core particle to the regulation of ribosome component synthesis. The result is a premier resource for anyone with an interest in ribosomal protein synthesis, whether in the context of molecular biology, biotechnology, pharmacology or molecular medicine.

Download or read book The Ribosome written by Roger A. Garrett and published by Amer Society for Microbiology. This book was released on 2000 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complete coverage of the ribosome and mechanisms of protein synthesis. * Examines the structure and function of numerous extra-chromosomal factors. * Offers the first detailed account of crystal structures of the ribosome as well as insights into the mechanisms and action of antibiotics. This title is published by the American Society for Microbiology Press and distributed by Taylor and Francis in rest of world territories.

Download or read book The Ribosome written by Aleksandr S. Spirin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph is neither a historical outline of the development of the concepts of protein biosynthesis and the structure and functions of the ribosomes, nor an exhaustive survey of the literature on these questions. The monograph is based upon an analysis of the modern trends in this field. The purpose of the monograph was to formulate more or less generalized representations of the structure and" function of the ribosome, as we envision it at the present day. It may be that this attempt is premature for a number of reasons, and the concepts outlined here will very soon be revised. Nonetheless, despite this risk, we believe it to be advisable to undertake this attempt for the following reasons: firstly, the undertaken analysis could aid in the comprehension of the substantial mass of extremely scattered experimental data on the ribosomes presently available; secondly, in any event, even if most of the concepts outlined rapidly become obselete, they can still serve as a stimulus for a whole series of experiments; and thirdly, we hope that some of the concepts outlined will still remain essentially correct and relatively stable. In view of the aforementioned, we should make the following reservations. First of all, we made no attempt to cite all the literature on the problems discussed, but considered it sufficient to illustrate the various premises with one or several sample references.

Download or read book Principles of Biology written by Lisa Bartee and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Principles of Biology sequence (BI 211, 212 and 213) introduces biology as a scientific discipline for students planning to major in biology and other science disciplines. Laboratories and classroom activities introduce techniques used to study biological processes and provide opportunities for students to develop their ability to conduct research.

Download or read book Biology for AP Courses written by Julianne Zedalis and published by . This book was released on 2017-10-16 with total page 1923 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology for AP® courses covers the scope and sequence requirements of a typical two-semester Advanced Placement® biology course. The text provides comprehensive coverage of foundational research and core biology concepts through an evolutionary lens. Biology for AP® Courses was designed to meet and exceed the requirements of the College Board’s AP® Biology framework while allowing significant flexibility for instructors. Each section of the book includes an introduction based on the AP® curriculum and includes rich features that engage students in scientific practice and AP® test preparation; it also highlights careers and research opportunities in biological sciences.

Download or read book Macromolecular Protein Complexes II Structure and Function written by J. Robin Harris and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-14 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book follows on from Volume 83 in the SCBI series (“Macromolecular Protein Complexes”), and addresses several important topics (such as the Proteasome, Anaphase Promoting Complex, Ribosome and Apoptosome) that were not previously included, together with a number of additional exciting topics in this rapidly expanding field of study. Although the first SCBI Protein Complex book focused on soluble protein complexes, the second (Vol. 87)addressed Membrane Complexes, and the third (Vol. 88) put the spotlight on Viral Protein and Nucleoprotein Complexes, a number of membrane, virus and even fibrillar protein complexes have been be considered for inclusion in the present book. A further book is also under preparation that follows the same pattern, in an attempt to provide a thorough coverage of the subject. Chapter 9 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Download or read book Archaeal Ribosomes Biogenesis Structure and Function written by Paola Londei and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-24 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nucleic Acid Metal Ion Interactions written by Nicholas V Hud and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2008-10-16 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural biochemical processes are routinely being discovered in living cells that involve RNA. Some of these processes, such as RNA interference, are now being exploited for biotechnology and medicinal applications. DNA has also proven in recent years to be more than a passive storehouse of information. For example, non-B-form DNA structures formed by G-rich DNA have been shown to participate in the regulation of gene expression, a discovery that presents new possibilities for drug targets in the genome. The current quest to understand how nucleic acid functions at the most fundamental level requires that we have a detailed understanding of nucleic acid-metal ion interactions. Because RNA and DNA are polyanions the structure and biological function of these biopolymers depends strongly on their association with metal ions. While this intimate connection between metal ions and nucleic function has been appreciated for decades, the noncovalent and dynamic nature of these interactions has continually presented challenges to the development of accurate and quantitative descriptions. Over the past few years the development of solution state spectroscopic techniques and the achievement of high resolution X-ray crystal structures have provided tremendous insights into the nature of nucleic acid-metal ion interactions, including direct evidence for their importance in determining nucleic acid structure, from the dictation of folding pathways followed by large RNA molecules to the subtle modulation of DNA groove widths. This new book provides a comprehensive review of the experimental studies that define our current understanding of nucleic acid-metal ion interactions with a particular emphasis being placed on experimental biophysical studies. However, the book is not merely a current review of the literature, as original material and fresh perspectives on published results are also presented. Particularly noteworthy topics include: -The chapter by Williams and fellow workers which reviews information provided by x-ray crystal structures and discusses what this information has revealed about the unique nature of Mg2+ interactions with RNA phosphate groups. The authors provide fresh insights, based upon structural comparisons, for how these interactions govern the local folding pathways of RNA. By dedicating separate chapters to the participation of metal ions in the kinetics and thermodynamics of RNA folding, this volume provides a more in depth treatise of both areas than is typically possible for reviews in which these two related, but distinct, topics are combined -Polyelectrolyte models of nucleic acids have proven to be extremely valuable for understanding the sequestering counterions in a so-called diffuse cloud around polymeric DNA. J. Michael Schurr provides a comprehensive review of polyanion models. Despite the success of polyelectrolyte models in describing some physical properties of nucleic acids, this topic is not always sufficiently understood by many researchers to make use of these models and this chapter serves as a valuable and up to date introduction to this topic. -The chapter by Pizarro and Sadler on metal ion-nucleic acid interactions in disease and medicine is complemented by a chapter by Lippert on coordinative bond formation between metal ions and nucleic acid bases. Together, these two chapters provide an overview of transition metal ion interactions with nucleic acids that illustrates the promise and peril that is associated with direct metal ion coordination to nucleic acid bases in living cells. The book is sufficiently detailed to serve as a reference source for researchers active in the field of nucleic acids biophysics and molecular biology. In addition, chapter authors have added introductory material and enough background material in each chapter so that the book can also can serve as an entry point for students and researchers that have not previously worked in the field which will make the book of lasting value and more accessible by a wider audience.

Download or read book Regulatory Nascent Polypeptides written by Koreaki Ito and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-19 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights a new paradigm of translation control by regulatory nascent polypeptides, which is integrated into cellular regulatory systems. Translation lies in the hub of the central dogma of biology, in which the genetic information in the forms of 4-letter sentences is translated into 20-letter sentences: sequences of amino acids that constitute proteins, the functional molecules of life. The process involves a huge number of chemical reactions as well as physical movements of the ribosome along a messenger RNA and takes, on average, tens of seconds in prokaryotes and a few minutes in eukaryotes. Detailed knowledge about the progression of translation, called "elongation", only recently started to accumulate. Newly synthesized and growing polypeptides, called nascent polypeptides, can interact with the intra-ribosomal conduit, called the ribosomal exit tunnel, when they have some specific amino acid sequences, called "an arrest sequence". Such interaction leads to a halt in the elongation reaction. Resulting stalling of the ribosome on messenger RNA can affect the secondary structure and/or localization of the message in the cell, consequently leading to biological outputs such as elevation or reduction of a gene product. This book provides a first collection of knowledge focused on regulatory nascent polypeptides, which have been studied recently using diverse organisms including bacteria, plants, and animals. Readers will be impressed by a new paradigm showing that proteins can function even during the course of their biosynthesis and that the ribosome, the "factory" of protein production, interacts with and inspects its products to adjust the speed of completion of each product. Moreover, regulatory nascent polypeptides can sense or monitor physiological states of the cell and modulate its ability to arrest translation. Living organisms use such intricate control mechanisms of translational speed to regulate gene expression. This book will be a useful addition for established scientists while inspiring students and young scientists to gain deeper insights into the processes of expression of genetic information.

Download or read book Recoding Expansion of Decoding Rules Enriches Gene Expression written by John F. Atkins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The literature on recoding is scattered, so this superb book ?lls a need by prov- ing up-to-date, comprehensive, authoritative reviews of the many kinds of recoding phenomena. Between 1961 and 1966 my colleagues and I deciphered the genetic code in Escherichia coli and showed that the genetic code is the same in E. coli, Xenopus laevis, and guinea pig tissues. These results showed that the code has been c- served during evolution and strongly suggested that the code appeared very early during biological evolution, that all forms of life on earth descended from a c- mon ancestor, and thus that all forms of life on this planet are related to one another. The problem of biological time was solved by encoding information in DNA and retrieving the information for each new generation, for it is easier to make a new organism than it is to repair an aging, malfunctioning one. Subsequently, small modi?cations of the standard genetic code were found in certain organisms and in mitochondria. Mitochondrial DNA only encodes about 10–13 proteins, so some modi?cations of the genetic code are tolerated that pr- ably would be lethal if applied to the thousands of kinds of proteins encoded by genomic DNA.