Download or read book Structural and Cognitive Correlates of Body Mass Index in Healthy Older Adults written by Jacob D. Bolzenius and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity, commonly measured with body mass index (BMI), is associated with numerous deleterious health conditions and may be a modifier of age-related alterations in brain integrity. Research suggests that white matter integrity observed using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is altered with high BMI, but the integrity of specific tracts remains poorly understood. Additionally, no studies have examined fractional anisotropy (FA) of tract integrity in conjunction with neuropsychological evaluation with elevated BMI among older adults. It was hypothesized that elevated BMI would be independently associated with lower white matter integrity and cognitive performance. It was also hypothesized that age and BMI would interact in relation to measures of white matter integrity and cognitive performance. Sixty two healthy older adults aged 51 to 81 were evaluated using DTI and neuropsychological evaluation. Associations were examined between BMI, FA in tracts connecting frontal and temporal lobes, and cognitive ability in domains of executive function, processing speed, and memory. Hierarchical linear regressions were utilized to determine the impact of BMI on FA and cognitive function after accounting for demographics, followed by a test for a BMI by age interaction on FA and cognitive indices. Secondary analyses assessed the sensitivity of DTI diffusivity metrics to elevated BMI, and related tract FA to cognitive performance. After controlling for initial demographic relationships, elevated BMI was associated with lower FA in the uncinate fasciculus, though there was no evidence of an age by BMI interaction relating to FA in this tract. No relationships between BMI and cognition were observed. Secondary analyses did not suggest that DTI diffusivity metrics provide unique information about tract integrity related to high BMI. Overall, results suggest elevated BMI is associated with altered integrity of the uncinate fasciculus. This white matter tract connects frontal and temporal lobes and is involved in memory function. There was no evidence of an age by BMI interaction on FA of the uncinate fasciculus, and BMI did not relate to cognitive performance. Future studies should examine measures of cardiovascular health and systemic inflammation to identify factors influencing relationships between BMI and white matter integrity.

Download or read book Body Mass Index Age and Neurocognitive Functioning written by Kelly Marie Stanek and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive dysfunction and structural brain abnormalities have been observed in obese versus lean individuals, but with variability across age and weight groups. This study was designed to clarify the cognitive profile of obesity by examining performance across multiple cognitive domains in adults with wide-ranging age and weight status. A total of 732 participants (60% women; ages 18-87; BMI range 19-75) underwent assessment of cognitive functioning and relevant medical/demographic covariates. Neuropsychological tests were grouped by cognitive domain (via confirmatory factor analysis), and standardized scores were averaged into composite variables. Hierarchical linear regression analyses examined main effects of BMI, as well as an interaction between BMI and aging, in predicting these cognitive domains. Significant main effects for BMI were observed for motor and attention/processing speed, whereas a significant interaction between BMI and age was observed for predicting executive functioning. BMI was not independently associated with memory or language functioning and no interaction effects were observed for these variables. Results indicate that BMI is independently associated with decreased attention, processing speed, and fine motor speed, but not memory or language, across the adult lifespan. Although BMI was not independently related to executive dysfunction, a significant age x BMI interaction suggests that obesity-related executive deficits may increase with age. Overall, these findings support a hypothesized primary frontosubcortical pathology that manifests itself gradually from slowing to more evident executive deficits with age in obese individuals. Prospective studies should explore these possibilities.

Download or read book BODY MASS INDEX BODY COMPOSITION AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN ADULTS 60 YEARS AND OLDER written by Amy Ruthenberg and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Executive function (EF) is essential for older adults to maintain independence and high quality of life (Lezak, Howieson, & Loring, 2004). Normal cognitive aging is accompanied by decrements in EF (Haug & Eggers, 1991; Raz et al., 1997; Salat et al., 2005). Body fat is thought to mediate this relationship, potentially through the activity of hormones or inflammation. However, the extent of the relationship is not well understood. The aim of this study was to determine whether percentage body fat (PBF) would yield a stronger relationship to EF in older adults than would body mass index (BMI). Participants were adults 60 years and older with no history of mental illness and who were not currently taking medications that could influence the central nervous system. Individuals were screened for mild cognitive impairment using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Participants completed the d2 test and modified flanker task to assess EF. In addition, the participants’ body composition was estimated through the use of air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Bivariate correlations between PBF and EF test scores, as well as BMI and EF test scores were examined. Multiple and linear regression analyses were calculated to predict the amount of variance in cognitive tests scores as a result of the dependent variables. PBF, using two different methods, and BMI were not significantly correlated to EF. Further research is necessary to clarify the nature of the relationships among body fat, BMI, and cognitive function.

Download or read book Hybrid PET MR Neuroimaging written by Ana M. Franceschi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book serves as a reference and comprehensive guide for PET/MR neuroimaging. The field of PET/MR is rapidly evolving, however, there is no standard resource summarizing the vast information and its potential applications. This book will guide neurological molecular imaging applications in both clinical practice and the research setting. Experts from multiple disciplines, including radiologists, researchers, and physicists, have collaborated to bring their knowledge and expertise together. Sections begin by covering general considerations, including public health and economic implications, the physics of PET/MR systems, an overview of hot lab and cyclotron, and radiotracers used in neurologic PET/MRI. There is then coverage of each major disease/systemic category, including dementia and neurodegenerative disease, epilepsy localization, brain tumors, inflammatory and infectious CNS disorders, head and neck imaging, as well as vascular hybrid imaging. Together, we have created a thorough, concise and up-to-date textbook in a unique, user-friendly format. This is an ideal guide for neuroradiologists, nuclear medicine specialists, medical physicists, clinical trainees and researchers.

Download or read book Obesity written by Samy I. McFarlane and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2023-11-29 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of obesity. The chapters are authored by prominent scholars in the field with direct knowledge, through practice and research, of the real-world problems associated with obesity. Chapters address such topics as obesity in children, stigmatization of people with obesity, metabolic effects of obesity, recent advances in pharmacology and surgical interventions for obesity, and more.

Download or read book Advances in neural reprogramming disease modeling and therapeutic insights written by Shong Lau and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-08-21 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Structural Neural Correlates of Metabolic Syndrome written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors that together increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes relative to the risk associated with each individual component alone. It is estimated that 34% of Americans over the age of 20 meet criteria for MetS, and the prevalence of MetS is estimated to climb to 45% in adults who are 60 years of age or older. Previous research has shown MetS and its individual components are associated with lower cognitive function and increased risk for future cognitive decline and dementia in both middle-aged and older adults. The present study used archival structural MRI data to investigate differences in cortical thickness and subcortical volumes between adults with and without MetS. A total of twenty-six middle age and older age adults with and without MetS (n = 14, n = 12, respectively) were included in the present study. Clinical data were acquired prior to the imaging session and included measurements of body mass index, waist circumference, and blood pressure. T-1 weighted structural MRI scans were processed using the Freesurfer image analysis suite, which allows for the study of cortical and subcortical anatomy via cortical reconstruction and volumetric segmentation. It was hypothesized that (1) Adults with MetS would have smaller values for cortical thickness and subcortical volume in brain areas related to executive functioning, memory, taste and reward processing, regulation of food intake and appetite, and behavioral inhibition, (2) Cortical and subcortical measurements would be negatively associated with measures of adiposity, and (3) Cortical and subcortical measurements would be negatively associated with metabolic risk factor burden. Analyses of covariance revealed group differences in cortical thickness in structures of the medial temporal lobe, controlling for age and gender. The MetS group had smaller values for cortical thickness in the left entorhinal cortex, left parahippocampal gyrus, left temporal pole, and right temporal pole. Correlation analyses revealed a number of significant relationships between clinical data and cortical thickness in these medial temporal structures. Both measures of adiposity and metabolic risk factor burden were negatively associated with cortical thickness in these areas. Further, exploratory analyses showed cortical thickness in medial temporal structures was negatively associated with the presence of hypertension and diabetes. The principal finding of the present study was that adults with MetS had smaller values for cortical thickness in medial temporal lobe structures relative to metabolically healthy adults. The medial temporal lobe is implicated in early Alzheimer's disease pathology and its structures are important to memory function. In group comparisons, the largest effect size was seen in the left entorhinal cortex, an area suggested to be the first site of neuropathological changes seen in Alzheimer's disease. Given the established connections between medial temporal lobe atrophy and cognitive decline and dementia, our findings suggest that middle-age and older adults with MetS may be at increased risk for cognitive decline and future dementia.

Download or read book Clinical Neurology of Aging written by Martin L. Albert and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1994 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thorough revision of a well-established text presents essential information on the neurobiology of aging. There are new chapters on competency and ethics, problems of daily living, psychopharmacology, and stability and falls. Written in a accessible style, this book will be invaluable to clinicians and neurologists who treat elderly patients.

Download or read book Homelessness written by S. P. K. Jena and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2020-05-10 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides insights into the experiences of ‘homelessness’, while exploring its psychological and socio-economic dimensions. Hunger, addiction, and disability, which often accompany homelessness, are brought into focus and discussed within the frameworks of promoting social welfare and enabling human capability in this volume. Based on the author’s ethnographic and quantitative research on homeless families living on the streets of Delhi, this book identifies some of the most acute problems associated with homelessness. It analyzes the causes of homelessness and draws connections between social bonds and family, socio-economic status, and psychopathology. It also includes personal accounts of hardship and trauma which quantify the systematic discrimination and marginalization that people living on the streets face. The volume offers policy recommendations to protect the right to self-determination, dignity, and self-efficacy of the homeless and help rehabilitate them. It will be a useful guide for students and researchers of social sciences specializing in psychology, sociology, economics, and development studies. The book will also be of interest to mental health professionals and policy-makers in designing effective strategies.

Download or read book Have We Got Better in Making our Schizophrenia Patients Better written by Anthony Ahmed and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-01-14 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Brain imaging and stimulation editor s pick 2021 written by Mingzhou Ding and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-03-30 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Insights in neurocognitive aging and behavior 2022 written by Kristy A. Nielson and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-01-30 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cognitive and Brain Aging Interventions to Promote Well Being in Old Age Roadmap for Interventions Preventing Cognitive Aging written by Pamela M. Greenwood and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-03-03 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 2068 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.

Download or read book A Life Course Approach to Healthy Ageing written by Diana Kuh and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title investigates the lifetime determinants of healthy ageing and their implications for policy and practice, bringing together authorities in ageing research and knowledge transfer from across the world.

Download or read book Physical Activity An Optimizer of the Neurophysiological System written by Juan Pedro Fuentes and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-24 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Complementary and Integrative Therapies for Mental Health and Aging written by Helen Lavretsky and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complementary and Integrative Therapies for Mental Health and Aging provides an up-to-date overview of integrative medicine that clinicians, researchers, and caregivers will require in order to address the major mental and physical disorders of aging. The chapters herein will increase clinicians' familiarity with the most recent research findings, and broaden their understanding of the use of these interventions in clinical practice. The discussion of the data is provided in easy-to-use format covering different fields of integrative medicine, and is written by an international group of leaders and researchers in their respective areas of expertise. This volume can be used for training by students of integrative medicine and gerontology, and individual chapters can be used as on-the-go references on a particular topic. Putting this work into a wider context, volume editors Helen Lavretsky, Martha Sajatovic, and Charles Reynolds III also provide a necessary framework for clinicians and public policy makers to understand the necessity of pursuing complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine for aging adults.