Download or read book STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND SLIP KINEMATICS OF THE KEWEENAW FAULT SYSTEM BETWEEN B TE GRISE BAY AND GRATIOT LAKE KEWEENAW COUNTY MICHIGAN written by and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : The Keweenaw fault is perhaps the most significant geologic structure on the Keweenaw Peninsula, with an estimated 7-11 km of reverse slip juxtaposing volcanic strata of the ~1.1 Ga Portage Lake Volcanics above ~1.0 Ga Jacobsville Sandstone. The fault has been interpreted as a rift-bounding normal fault later inverted by compressional pulses of the Grenville Orogeny or, more recently, as part of a detached thrust fault system unrelated to an earlier normal fault. The fault is shown on published maps as a single continuous fault trace whose sinuosity implies multiple fault segments and complex slip dynamics. Mapping along Bête Grise Bay in 2017-2018 revealed that the Keweenaw fault at the east-most exposure on land is better characterized as a network of interconnected, left-stepping fault segments with easterly strike and exhibiting a 2:1 ratio of dextral strike-slip to reverse-slip. Mapping west from Bête Grise Bay to Mohawk, MI in 2019-2020 as part of the USGS EDMAP program focused on constraining the geometry and slip kinematics of this adjacent portion of the Keweenaw fault system. This thesis project focused on the eastern half of the 2019-2020 project area and mapped the Keweenaw fault system between Bête Grise Bay and Gratiot Lake. The new mapping and structural measurements have produced an updated bedrock geology map and cross-sections that better constrain the three-dimensional geometry of the fault system and reveal folds and fault-bounded blocks in the fault's footwall. Three directional fault sets were identified and interpreted in the study area: 1) ENE-striking faults with steep northerly dips; 2) ESE-striking faults with steep northerly dips; and 3) NNE-striking faults with shallow to moderate westerly dips, connecting Set 2 faults to Set 1 faults. Inferred layer-parallel detachment faulting along Portage Lake Volcanic sedimentary units is modeled in cross-sections and constrained by locally dense surface control and by subsurface diamond drill hole logs. Analyses of fault slip measurements indicates an overall strike-to-dip slip ratio of 1.7:1 and tectonic shortening in a direction 083°-263°. The strike-to-dip slip ratio of each directional fault set is inferred to vary as a function of its strike relative to the shortening direction. Fault-bounded blocks were transported eastward along Set 1 and Set 2 strike-slip faults, which movement was probably facilitated by layer-parallel detachments and Set 3 thrusts that ramp up towards the east on the block's leading edge. The three fault sets with a combination of dextral strike slip and reverse dip slip define a multistranded transpressional network of fault segments. These findings are consistent with the other studies correlating far-field compressive pulses of the Grenville Orogeny to Keweenaw fault slip events.
Download or read book Structural Analysis and Interpretation of Deformation Along the Keweenaw Fault System West of Lake Gratiot Keweenaw County Michigan written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : The Keweenaw fault is perhaps the most significant fault associated with the Midcontinent Rift System of the north-central United States. The fault, parallel to the south edge of the rift, has been interpreted as a rift-bounding normal fault that was inverted by subsequent compressional events, thrusting copper-bearing Portage Lake Volcanics (~ 1.1 Ga) over younger Jacobsville Sandstone. Geologic maps and cross sections published in the 1950s by the U. S. Geological Survey depict the fault with a well-defined, single, sinuous trace that is locally associated with smaller branch faults. Cross-sections from that time generally show a simple listric stratal geometry for hanging-wall lava flows and variable dip of footwall siliciclastic layers, but with little to no fold definition. New field mapping between Mohawk (MI) and Bête Gris Bay indicates that the Keweenaw fault here is better characterized as a fault system consisting of: 1) segments striking east-northeast with steep northerly dip, 2) segments striking east-southeast also with steep northerly dip, and 3) segments striking north-northeast with moderate-to-shallow westerly dip. The members of these three fault sets define a multistranded Keweenaw fault system and several large fault-bounded blocks of Portage Lake Volcanics. Mapping also revealed folding in hanging-wall Portage Lake Volcanics and has defined fold geometry in footwall Jacobsville Sandstone. Fold axes are generally subparallel to adjacent faults and therefore are probably related to fault movement. Along Bruneau Creek, multiple anticlines and synclines in the footwall of a Set 3 fault and a faulted anticline in the hanging-wall indicate significant shortening across a west-dipping thrust fault. Along the east tributary of Snake Creek, a single syncline in the footwall of a Set 2 fault resulted from tilting of Jacobsville strata to vertical by north-side-up movement of a steeply dipping, right-lateral, strike-slip fault, with minor shortening across the fault. The pattern and relationships of faults and folds in the area are consistent with a fault system dominated by dextral shear rather than by reverse movement as in the currently accepted model. Kinematic slip indicators measured on 55 small faults demonstrate mostly right-lateral strike slip and lesser north-side-up reverse slip, with a 2.5:1 ratio of strike-to-dip slip. Inversion of fault-slip data shows that maximum shortening during faulting was along an azimuth of 285°-105°, suggesting a WNW-ESE maximum paleostress direction that is nearly parallel to expected Grenville or Appalachian orogenic forces. The new mapping and structural analyses in this area have revealed a multistranded Keweenaw fault system that is transpressional in nature, dominated by dextral strike slip, and has lesser reverse slip with north side up. Fault-bounded blocks having ENE-oriented long dimensions generally moved eastward along set 1 and 2 faults, while thrusting Portage Lake Volcanics over Jacobsville Sandstone along set 3 faults. The estimated WNW-ESE maximum shortening direction associated with fault movement strongly suggests that the Grenville Orogeny was primarily responsible for movement of the Keweenaw fault system, with possible reactivation occurring during the Appalachian Orogeny.
Download or read book KEWEENAW FAULT GEOMETRY AND SLIP KINEMATICS B TE GRISE BAY KEWEENAW PENINSULA MICHIGAN written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : The Keweenaw Fault (KF) has been interpreted as a rift-bounding normal fault along the southern margin of the Midcontinent Rift System; later inverted into a reverse fault by a tectonic compression event. The fault trends NNE to NE for most of its trace but curves clockwise to ESE along the Bête Grise Bay area in Michigan's Keweenaw Peninsula. U.S. Geological Survey maps depict the KF along Bête Grise Bay as a continuous thrust that follows a sinuous contact between Portage Lake Volcanics (PLV) and Jacobsville Sandstone (JS). New fieldwork reveals a left-stepping en echelon system of ESE-trending faults connected by ENE trending faults. SE-dipping PLV layers are interpreted as the south flank of an anticlinal structure along the shoreline south of Bare Bluff. Three PLV-JS contacts previously mapped as being faulted are now interpreted as unconformities. Fault slip indicators recorded on 34 fault surfaces show that overall movement on the fault system in this area has a ratio of strike slip to dip slip of 2:1. Field relationships indicate that PLV units were deformed by faulting and folding prior to JS deposition, with lesser deformation occurring after JS deposition.
Download or read book Observations on the Junction Between the Eastern Sandstone and the Keweenaw Series on Keweenaw Point Lake Superior written by Roland Duer Irving and published by . This book was released on 1885 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Download or read book The Dare written by Harley Laroux and published by . This book was released on 2023-10-31 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jessica Martin is not a nice girl. As Prom Queen and Captain of the cheer squad, she'd ruled her school mercilessly, looking down her nose at everyone she deemed unworthy. The most unworthy of them all? The "freak," Manson Reed: her favorite victim. But a lot changes after high school. A freak like him never should have ended up at the same Halloween party as her. He never should have been able to beat her at a game of Drink or Dare. He never should have been able to humiliate her in front of everyone. Losing the game means taking the dare: a dare to serve Manson for the entire night as his slave. It's a dare that Jessica's pride - and curiosity - won't allow her to refuse. What ensues is a dark game of pleasure and pain, fear and desire. Is it only a game? Only revenge? Only a dare? Or is it something more? The Dare is an 18+ erotic romance novella and a prequel to the Losers Duet. Reader discretion is strongly advised. This book contains graphic sexual scenes, intense scenes of BDSM, and strong language. A full content note can be found in the front matter of the book.
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