Download or read book Striking the Mother Lode in Science written by Paula E. Stephan and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1992 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How much truth is there to the popular belief that science is a young person's game? Is America's older scientific community retarding economic growth? Using a unique data base and an interdisciplinary approach, the authors address these and other questions. They find evidence that exceptional contributions to science are more likely to be made by those under 40. Age matters, but not nearly as much for "average" scientists. Success in science also depends on RPRT--being in the "right place at the right time". Not all generations of scientists have equal access to the type of jobs that foster productivity, nor do they have the good fortune to be educated when path-breaking events are occurring in their field. Changing economic conditions in science have conspired to make those who entered science during the last 25 years less productive than their predecessors. In addition, extreme competition for jobs and grants can make scientists behave in a dysfunctional manner. The authors conclude that the absence of a national science policy can cause serious problems for the United States, and they outline a policy to boost productivity in American science. Clearly written, with many pointed examples, this work will appeal to anyone interested in science or science policy.
Download or read book A Strategy for Assessing Science written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-02-21 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Strategy for Assessing Science offers strategic advice on the perennial issue of assessing rates of progress in different scientific fields. It considers available knowledge about how science makes progress and examines a range of decision-making strategies for addressing key science policy concerns. These include avoiding undue conservatism that may arise from the influence of established disciplines; achieving rational, high-quality, accountable, and transparent decision processes; and establishing an appropriate balance of influence between scientific communities and agency science managers. A Strategy for Assessing Science identifies principles for setting priorities and specific recommendations for the context of behavioral and social research on aging.
Download or read book Integrated Science written by Nima Rezaei and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-16 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated Science: Science without Borders” is the first volume of the INTEGRATED SCIENCE Book series, aiming to publish the results of the most updated ideas and reviews in transdisciplinary fields and to highlight the integration of discrete disciplines, including formal sciences, physical-chemical sciences and engineering, biological sciences, medical sciences, and social sciences. This volume primarily focuses on the research involving the integration of two or more academic fields offering an innovative, borderless view, which is one of the main focuses of the Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN). The whole world is suffering from complex problems; these are borderless problems; thus, a borderless solution could merely solve such complex issues. Transdisciplinarity is a domain, that researchers work jointly, using a shared conceptual framework, drawing together disciplinary-specific theories, concepts, and approaches to address common problems. Lack of confidence, lack of expertise, complexities of healthcare, the confusing nature of healthcare environments, and lack of organization and standardization are the obstacles of successful scientific communication. Consequently, this book provides an overview of the essential elements of transdisciplinary studies and integrated science. The unique aspect of this book -privileging it from other books- is covering all aspects of science as harmonies of a single symphony.
Download or read book Innovation in Science and Organizational Renewal written by Thomas Heinze and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-11 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at the types of new research organizations that drive scientific innovation and how ground-breaking science transforms research fields and their organization. Based on historical case studies and comparative empirical data, the book presents new and thought-provoking evidence that improves our knowledge and understanding about how new research fields are formed and how research organizations adapt to breakthroughs in science. While the book is firmly based in science history, it discusses more general sociological and policy propositions regarding scientific innovations and organizational change. The volume brings together leading scholars both from the United States and Europe.
Download or read book Science Is Not What You Think written by Henry H. Bauer and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the ways in which science, the touchstone of reliable knowledge in modern society, changed dramatically in the second half of the 20th century, becoming less trustworthy through conflicts of interest and excessive competitiveness. Fraud became common enough that organized efforts to combat it now include a federal Office of Research Integrity. Competent minority opinions are sometimes thereby suppressed, with the result that policy makers, the media and the public are presented with biased or incomplete information. Evidence tending to challenge established theories is sometimes rejected without addressing its substance. While most would agree in the abstract that science can go wrong, few would consider--despite interesting contrary evidence--that official consensus about the origins of the universe or the causes of global warming might be mistaken.
Download or read book Copyright Versus Open Access written by Marc Scheufen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-29 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the recent debate about copyright law and its impact on the distribution of scientific knowledge from an economic perspective. The focus is on the question whether a copyright regime or an open access regime is better suited to the norms and organizational structure in a purely global science community. The book undertakes a thorough economic analysis of the academic journal market and showcases consequences of a regime change. It also takes account of the Digital Divide debate, reflecting issues in developing countries. Finally, a comprehensive analysis of legal action in the light of international Intellectual Property (IP) agreements offers prospects on the future of academic publishing.
Download or read book Steal This Idea written by M. Perelman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-27 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how corporate powers have erected a rapacious system of intellectual property rights to confiscate the benefits of creativity in science and culture. This legal system threatens to derail both economic and scientific progress, while disrupting society and threatening personal freedom. Perelman argues that the natural outcome of this system is a world of excessive litigation, intrusive violations of privacy, the destruction system of higher education, interference with scientific research, and a lopsided distribution of income.
Download or read book Science and Selection written by David L. Hull and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One way to understand science is as a selection process. David Hull, one of the dominant figures in contemporary philosophy of science, sets out in this 2001 volume a general analysis of this selection process that applies equally to biological evolution, the reaction of the immune system to antigens, operant learning, and social and conceptual change in science. Hull aims to distinguish between those characteristics that are contingent features of selection and those that are essential. Science and Selection brings together many of David Hull's most important essays on selection (some never before published) in one accessible volume.
Download or read book Fatal Attractions written by Henry H. Bauer and published by Cosimo, Inc.. This book was released on with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Universities as Centres of Research and Knowledge Creation An Endangered Species written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book primarily addresses the variety and gaps in higher education across the globe, concentrating on the challenges to transitional and developing countries. It addresses the related issues of research capacity, research productivity, and research relevance and utility.
Download or read book Science and Innovation Policy for the New Knowledge Economy written by Massimo G. Colombo and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely book brings together cutting-edge research on the important subject of science and innovation (S&I) policies. The contributors - distinguished social science scholars - tackle the key challenges of designing and implementing public policies in the context of the new knowledge economy. They provide an extensive overview of the most advanced methods for designing, monitoring, and evaluating S&I policies, and analyse current applications in a wide-ranging selection of fields along the innovation supply chain, from legal and institutional landscapes to the industrial sector. Topics dis.
Download or read book Institutions and Systems in the Geography of Innovation written by M.P. Feldman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a collection of theoretical articles and empirical studies on innovation and location by focusing on the institutions and systems that mediate knowledge spillovers. The objective is to provide an international comparison using a variety of approaches. The volume is organized around the three themes. The first focuses on theoretical work that attempts to advance our understanding of knowledge externalities and systems on innovation. The second section provides empirical studies that attempt to measure these impacts. The final section considers future challenges to regional economic development policy in the face of economic integration and globalization.
Download or read book The Web of Knowledge written by Eugene Garfield and published by Information Today, Inc.. This book was released on 2000 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new ASIST monograph is the first to comprehensively address the history, theory, and practical applications of citation analysis, a field which has grown from Garfield's seed of an idea, and to examine its impact on scholarly research forty years after its inception. In bringing together the analyses, insights, and reflections of more than thirty-five leading lights, editors Cronin and Atkins have produced both a comprehensive survey of citation indexing and its applications and a beautifully-realized tribute to Eugene Garfield and his vision, in honor of his seventy-fifth birthday.
Download or read book Incentives and Performance written by Isabell M. Welpe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-07 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contributes to the current discussion in society, politics and higher education on innovation capacity and the financial and non-financial incentives for researchers. The expert contributions in the book deal with implementation of incentive systems at higher education institutions in order to foster innovation. On the other hand, the book also discusses the extent to which governance structures from economy can be transferred to universities and how scientific performance can be measured and evaluated. This book is essential for decision-makers in knowledge-intensive organizations and higher-educational institutions dealing with the topic of performance management.
Download or read book Demand for Communications Services Insights and Perspectives written by James Alleman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-07 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume grew out of a conference organized by James Alleman and Paul Rappoport, conducted on October 10, 2011 in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, in honor of the work of Lester D. Taylor, whose pioneering work in demand and market analysis has had profound implications on research across a wide spectrum of industries. In his Prologue, Eli M. Noam notes that demand analysis in the information sector must recognize the “public good” characteristics of media products and networks, while taking into account the effects of interdependent user behavior; the strong cross-elasticities in a market; as well as the phenomenon of supply creating its own demand. The second Prologue, by Timothy Tardiff and Daniel Levy, focuses more specifically on Taylor’s body of work, in particular its practical applications and usefulness in analyses of, and practices within, the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) sector (known in Europe and elsewhere as the Telecommunications, Media, and Technology (TMT) sector). The remainder of the book is organized into four parts: Advances in Theory; Empirical Applications; Evidence-Based Policy Applications; and a final Conclusion. The book closes with an Appendix by Sharon Levin and Stanford Levin detailing Taylor’s contributions using bibliometrics. Not only featuring chapters from distinguished scholars in economics, applied sciences, and technology, this volume includes two contributions directly from Lester Taylor, providing unique insight into economics from a lifetime in the field. “What a worthy book! Every applied researcher in communications encounters Lester Taylor’s work. Many empirical exercises in communications can trace their roots to Taylor’s pioneering research and his thoughtful leadership. This book assembles an impressive set of contributors and contributions to honor Taylor. No surprise, the collection extends far and wide into many of the core topics of communications and media markets. The emphasis is where it should be–on important and novel research questions informed by useful data. —Shane Greenstein, Professor of Management and Strategy, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University “For more than 40 years, Lester Taylor has been a leader in the application of consumer modeling, econometric techniques and microeconomic data to understand residential and business user behavior in telecommunications markets. During that time, he inspired a cadre of students and colleagues who applied this potent combination to address critical corporate and regulatory issues arising in the telecommunications sector. This volume collects the recent product of many of these same researchers and several other devotees who go beyond empirical analysis of fixed line service by extending Prof. Taylor’s approach to the next wave of services and technologies. These contributions, including two new papers by Prof. Taylor, offer an opportunity for the next generation to learn from his work as it grapples with the pressing issues of consumer demand in the rapidly evolving digital economy.” — Glenn Woroch, Adjunct Professor of Economics, University of California, Berkeley
Download or read book Japanese Science written by Samuel Coleman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1999-09-09 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ethnographic study of Japan's scientists looks firsthand at career structures and organizational issues that have hampered the advancement of scientists and scientific research in Japan. It provides analysis of the problem of career mobility in science, the status quo in university and government laboratories, relations between scientists and
Download or read book Using Human Resource Data to Track Innovation written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-08-05 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the fact that technology is embodied in human as well as physical capital and that interactions among technically trained people are critical to innovation and technology diffusion, data on scientists, engineers and other professionals have not been adequately exploited to illuminate the productivity of and changing patterns in innovation. STEP convened a workshop to examine how data on qualifications and career paths, mobility, cross sector relationships, and the structure of work in firms could shed light on issues of research productivity, interactions among private and public sector institutions, and other aspects of innovation.
