Download or read book Strength Studies on Antarctic Sea Ice written by George Hendrickson and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Mechanical Properties of Sea Ice written by W. F. Weeks and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The review discusses the state of thinking of each of the main national groups investigating sea ice and gives an overall appraisal of the field as a whole. Emphasis is placed on (1) the physical basis for interpreting sea ice strength (phase relations, air volume, and structural considerations), (2) theoretical considerations (strength models, air bubbles and salt reinforcement, and interrelations between growth conditions and strength), (3) experimental results (tensile, flexural, shear, and compressive strength, elastic modulus, shear modulus and Poisson's ratio, time dependent effects, and creep), and (4) plate characteristics. The paper includes a review of problems in sea ice investigations, relates the chemical, crystallographic, mechanical, and physical aspects involved, and concludes by showing how to utilize this knowledge to solve practical problems. (Author).
Download or read book Composition of Sea Ice and Its Tensile Strength written by A. Assur and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of the salts contained in sea water are trapped in sea ice upon freezing. They form liquid and solid inclusions in a systematic pattern. The amount depends upon temperature and salinity. A detailed table of phase relations is given and a general theory is derived to show how the internal cavities may affect the strength of sea ice. The general theory leads to specific models. The principle of ring tensile strength tests is explained and a series for evaluation is given. Test data lead to a substantiation of theoretical principles and to an illustration of several hypotheses concerning the effect of solid salt inclusions upon strength. Observed sea ice phenomena are explained on the basis of internal structure. (Author).
Download or read book STRENGTH STUDIES ON ARTARCTIC SEA ICE written by George Hendrickson and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strength of sea ice was studied at McMurdo, Antarctica, during two successive field seasons. Three hundred tensile tests were made on continuous core samples taken at various locations on ice aged 1 year, 2 years, and more than 5 years. Salinity profiles were obtained for each core. A relationship between strength sigma (kg/sq cm) and volume of brine cavities v (%0), as suggested by Assur, adequately represents the data for brine volumes less than 0.400: sigma = 29.1 - 48.0 v to the 1/2 power. The constants agree satisfactorily with values obtained previously for Arctic sea ice, the value of sigma for very low brine volume approaching the value for fresh-water ice. The model on which the above expression is based apparently breaks down at high brine volumes. (Author).
Download or read book Antarctic Sea Ice Variability in the Southern Ocean Climate System written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-24 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sea ice surrounding Antarctica has increased in extent and concentration from the late 1970s, when satellite-based measurements began, until 2015. Although this increasing trend is modest, it is surprising given the overall warming of the global climate and the region. Indeed, climate models, which incorporate our best understanding of the processes affecting the region, generally simulate a decrease in sea ice. Moreover, sea ice in the Arctic has exhibited pronounced declines over the same period, consistent with global climate model simulations. For these reasons, the behavior of Antarctic sea ice has presented a conundrum for global climate change science. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in January 2016, to bring together scientists with different sets of expertise and perspectives to further explore potential mechanisms driving the evolution of recent Antarctic sea ice variability and to discuss ways to advance understanding of Antarctic sea ice and its relationship to the broader ocean-climate system. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Download or read book Strength Studies of Sea Ice written by Theodore R. Butkovich and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sea Ice Strength Studies on McMurdo Sound During the Austral Summer 1964 65 written by United States. Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sea Ice Strength Studies on Mcmurdo Sound During the Austral Summer 1964 65 written by R. A. Paige and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the austral summer of 1964-65, a study of some of the physical properties of sea ice was made near McMurdo Station, Antarctica, where the sea ice is used extensively for aircraft operations, travel, freight hauling, and docking facilities. Tests of specimens showed that both shear and ring-tensile strengths increased almost linearly as specimen temperature decreased; the strength decreased as the ice sheet became warmer and more nearly isothermal. Average shear strength decreased from 140 psi in late October to a low of 90 psi in late January and then increased to 115 psi by 10 February just before breakup; average ring-tensile strength similarly decreased from 190 psi in mid-December to a low of 145 psi in early February, and then increased to 170 psi by 10 February. Internal deterioration and decrease in strength, thickness, salinity of brine, and temperature gradient are all related to rising temperatures and increased solar radiation during the summer. Development of a reliable method of predicting the bearing capacity of sea ice depends upon more detailed knowledge of the effects of loads, the history of the ice, danger zones and safety factors, and other features to insure safe operation on the ice. (Author).
Download or read book Dynamic Young s Modulus and Flexural Strength of Sea Ice written by Guenther E. Frankenstein and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report describes the results of tests made to determine the dynamic Young's modulus E of young sea ice. The ice samples were mainly parallelepipeds but a few were 7.62-cm-diam cores. The longitudinal wave velocity was determined by measuring the time required for a sound wave to travel the length of the sample. The flexural strength of the ice was determined by conducting a number of simple beam tests. The average value for the flexural strength was 11.3 kg/sq cm. (Author).
Download or read book Studies in Ice Physics and Ice Engineering written by Guriĭ Nikolaevich I︠A︡kovlev and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The results of recent investigations of ice, including the structure of the ice cap, its resilient features, methods of forecasting its stable characteristics, ice breaking methods, and experimental laboratory work are presented in this collection of articles. The book is designed for ice technologists, and engineers whose work brings them into contact with questions deriving from the science of ice."--Jacket.
Download or read book On Sea Ice written by Willy Weeks and published by University of Alaska Press. This book was released on 2010-06-15 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering more than seven percent of the earth’s surface, sea ice is crucial to the functioning of the biosphere—and is a key component in our attempts to understand and combat climate change. With On Sea Ice, geophysicist W. F. Weeks delivers a natural history of sea ice, a fully comprehensive and up-to-date account of our knowledge of its creation, change, and function. The volume begins with the earliest recorded observations of sea ice, from 350 BC, but the majority of its information is drawn from the period after 1950, when detailed study of sea ice became widespread. Weeks delves into both micro-level characteristics—internal structure, component properties, and phase relations—and the macro-level nature of sea ice, such as salinity, growth, and decay. He also explains the mechanics of ice pack drift and the recently observed changes in ice extent and thickness. An unparalleled account of a natural phenomenon that will be of increasing importance as the earth’s temperature rises, On Sea Ice will unquestionably be the standard for years to come.
Download or read book Growth Structure and Strength of Sea Ice written by A. Assur and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Mechanical Properties of Sea Ice written by Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Antarctic Climate Evolution written by Fabio Florindo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-10-10 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antarctic Climate Evolution is the first book dedicated to furthering knowledge on the evolution of the world’s largest ice sheet over its ~34 million year history. This volume provides the latest information on subjects ranging from terrestrial and marine geology to sedimentology and glacier geophysics. An overview of Antarctic climate change, analyzing historical, present-day and future developments Contributions from leading experts and scholars from around the world Informs and updates climate change scientists and experts in related areas of study
Download or read book The Geophysics of Sea Ice written by Norbert Untersteiner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-19 with total page 1197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Air-Sea-Ice Interaction held September 28-October 10, 1981 in Acquafredda di maratea, Italy. Intent is to present the topic of sea ice in the broad and interdisciplinary context of atmospheric and oceanographic science.
Download or read book Technical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Antarctic Sea Ice written by Martin O. Jeffries and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1998-02-04 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Antarctic Research Series, Volume 74. In a 1971 Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research report that reviewed polar contrasts in sea ice, Lyn Lewis and Willy Weeks made the following observation: "People who study sea ice in the Arctic Basin are commonly asked if they have ever studied ice in Antarctica, and they answer 'why bother, it's the same old stuff." Noting this was "fortunately true to a considerable extent," they added "It is clear that future work will depend critically on the logistics facilities available to allow surface observations beyond the fast ice edge at all seasons of the year. Of almost equal importance will be the development of instruments and recording equipment suited for use in the polar environment" (Lewis, E. L., and W. F. Weeks, Sea Ice: Some Polar Contrasts, in, Antarctic Ice and Water Masses, edited by G. Deacon, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Cambridge, 23-34, 1971). Lewis and Weeks made no specific mention of Earth-orbiting satellites, on which the first passive microwave sensor became operational in December 1972. Less than a year later the giant Weddell Polynya was observed for the first time. Perhaps more than any other development, this unexpected feature illustrated the potential to greatly expand our knowledge of sea ice through the application of spaceborne remote sensing. Simultaneously, it acted as a catalyst for a significant increase in the level of research.
